The language of our motherland is vivid and beautiful, which is not only reflected in accurate and delicate expression, but also in pronunciation, grammar, rhetoric, rhythm and other aspects, all of which are full of aesthetic characteristics. In teaching, through the analysis, appreciation and taste of language and words, we can appreciate the beauty of language and thoughts and feelings; The image of beauty in the text can be aroused by perceptual reading. At the same time, primary school Chinese textbooks contain rich human beauty and natural beauty, which can be expressed in different literary ways, so that Chinese teaching can achieve the aesthetic effect of pleasing to the eye, enriching emotions, cultivating interest and improving aesthetic ability, and let students truly appreciate the beauty factors in the text. Only by constantly infiltrating aesthetic education knowledge can teachers play beautiful notes in students' hearts, tap their sensitive hearts, and give full play to their curiosity, thirst for knowledge and vivid imagination creativity. Years of Chinese teaching experience make me feel that the education of students is not only the acceptance of knowledge, but also everyone's experience. After the new curriculum reform, the change of teachers' role does not mean complete freedom. Students' independent, cooperative and inquiry learning should not be disorderly, blindly obedient, formal and ostentatious. In view of the limitations of students' knowledge reserve, learning ability and life experience, how to guide students' aesthetics in Chinese class with the support and guidance of teachers? As a Chinese teacher, we must solve two problems in teaching consciousness. The first is aesthetic content. In Chinese textbooks, the themes of texts are diversified, which provide students with rich aesthetic objects, such as novels and fairy tales, and shape many characters. Poetry and prose show beautiful and far-reaching artistic conception ... Therefore, in preparing lessons and teaching, students should be consciously guided to discover beautiful images, beautiful artistic conception, beautiful language and even beautiful structures from content to form. The second is to follow the aesthetic laws of students. Students' understanding is always from the superficial to the deep, from the surface to the inside, from the perceptual to the rational, reflected in aesthetic activities, from understanding to imagination, from experience to judgment, so teaching must follow this law. Pedagogy and psychology believe that "no aesthetic education is an incomplete education, and people who have not received aesthetic education cannot be considered as all-round development people." The aestheticization of Chinese teaching is a teaching strategy of beautifying and promoting optimization, that is, relying on the beauty of Chinese subject itself, creating the beauty of Chinese teaching, promoting the effective completion of Chinese teaching tasks and promoting the all-round development of students' quality. So how to explore aesthetic education in reading teaching, guide students to perceive beauty, guide beauty and create beauty? I tried the following methods in my teaching practice.
First, guide the search for beauty and let students discover beauty.
Painter Rodin said: "Beauty is everywhere. For our eyes, it is not the lack of beauty, but the lack of discovery. " Chinese teaching should start with words and find beauty in tasting words.
For example, when teaching "Looking at Lushan Waterfall", grasp the word "doubt" in "doubt is nine days after the fall of the Milky Way". 1. Guide students to ask questions: Why does the poet use "doubt" instead of "truth"? In this way, students will recall the image of waterfalls pouring down from a very high place from their memories, and the image of "truth" falling from the sky will appear in their minds. Next, let the students think about it. Is it possible? In this way, we can understand that the poet uses the word "doubt" because it is impossible to "doubt" himself. I realize that the poet's description of the scene is vague, but this specious writing has left readers with endless reverie. If we ask again: Why did the poet say "doubt" instead of "image"? Let the students imagine the poet's real feelings at that time-marvel at the strangeness of this waterfall. Because people think that the waterfall in front of them is "like" how the water of the Yellow River fell from the sky, and it is suspected that it fell from the Milky Way over nine days? Only by repeated taste can we understand that only using "doubt" is the most accurate, and we can feel the beauty of language and writing.
Second, lead in and let students feel the beauty.
To make students feel beautiful, we must first create a beautiful environment. In Chinese teaching, creating situations has become an aesthetic way to guide students into the state. According to the characteristics of teaching content, teachers can use various teaching methods and borrow various media equipment to create a beautiful situation and atmosphere, mobilize students' senses and appreciate the beauty of artistic conception; Students can also take practical activities such as painting, singing and performing, so that students can enjoy the beauty of writing scenery and feel the beauty of things; You can also use a variety of teaching methods to create a pleasing and pleasing artistic conception. The first is aesthetic education with the help of recording. In teaching, we can properly play some music reading recordings, render the atmosphere, create situations, and make students' emotions in the best state. Then, through teachers' emotional language, rich association and imagination are developed to reproduce the beautiful scenery of nature and life, truly feel and appreciate the factors of beauty, gain the enjoyment of beauty, and stimulate students' desire to express beauty and create beauty. The second is to use video for aesthetic feeling. This kind of picture described by lyrical scenery, reproduced through the media, has a certain aesthetic feeling in itself, resulting in the situation of observing its shape and listening to its voice, giving students the enjoyment and enlightenment of beauty and plucking the strings of students' beauty. Students lack perceptual experience and limited knowledge, so it is often difficult for them to enter China directly. How to guide students to do as the Romans do, I take the following three methods: 1 Picture input method.
Introducing painting into Chinese classroom has at least two advantages: first, it can show natural beauty and stimulate students' thoughts and feelings of loving natural beauty; Linking the beauty of words with the beauty of nature can also cultivate students' imagination, association and creativity and improve their intelligence. Secondly, through painting evaluation, students' interest in learning the text can be stimulated, their understanding of the text can be deepened, and their ability to feel and evaluate beauty can be cultivated.
2. Implement the immigration law. The dynamic beauty of the lotus is written in the second half of the lotus. When teaching this part, students can be organized to perform "Lotus Dance".
Let all the girls decorate the lotus, and one of them is the author; Choose two boys to play dragonflies and fish respectively. After reading the text many times, the students enter the role and act according to the plot of the text. Go back to the text after the performance and learn the ellipsis in the text. Think about it, what have you missed? What other animals may be attracted by the lotus? What would they say? Then perform it again, add some imaginary plots, and let them perform at a higher level. The students were infected by the beauty in the performance.
3. Compare immigration laws. Comparison is the basic means to understand the differences of beauty. Teaching Ximen Bao such a text with comparative factors can design some questions for students to compare and analyze two kinds of people and two kinds of things. Doing so is conducive to improving students' aesthetic awareness and enabling students to distinguish what is false, ugly and evil, and what is true, good and beautiful. In addition, the comparative analysis of words that praise one and derogate one can also cultivate students' ability to distinguish beauty from ugliness. Third, guide imagination and let students develop beauty.
If understanding can reproduce the beauty of image, then imagination can be unfolded and artistic conception can be created. As the saying goes, "there is painting in poetry, emotion in poetry and intention in painting". Poetry and prose selected into the textbook are full of poetic and picturesque meaning, which can leave readers with a broad imagination space. Therefore, in teaching, we always let students ride the sails of imagination to explore the most beautiful artistic conception. There are two poems in Li Bai's farewell to Meng Haoran's trip to Yangzhou: "The lonely sail is far away from the sky, but the Yangtze River flows in the sky." These are two poems describing the scenery. The author melts his feelings into the scenery and expresses them through the scenery, showing a deep artistic conception. In order to develop students' imagination, I first ask students to enter the original artistic conception with the assumption of "what would it be like if I were a poet", and then ask three specific questions: 1 Fireworks What is the scenery of the Yangtze River in March? Have you noticed? 2.) What do you think of friends leaving? How did my friend's boat disappear? 3.) What was your mood at that time? After the teacher's guidance, many students began to imagine the artistic conception of the image from the first person: the grass is green in late spring, the flowers are fragrant, and butterflies are flying gently. However, I have no intention of appreciating all this beauty. I stood by the river and let the spring breeze caress my face, just staring at the distance. The boats in the river are getting smaller and smaller, and the small white sails slowly disappear into the distant horizon. The surging river keeps flowing, and one spray pushes another to roll away. Friend, when will we meet again this time? This wonderful imagination is integrated into students' understanding and creation of beauty.
In order to realize the transfer of knowledge in and out of class, teachers should pave the way with vivid language descriptions, create a certain teaching atmosphere, and guide students' aesthetic association and imagination, which is an important condition to promote students' aesthetic feeling. Students' rich aesthetic association and correct aesthetic imagination can make static text symbols vivid and full, and let students be there and put themselves in their shoes. I even had the psychological experience of personally participating in it. For example, after learning the text, I designed such a question: What do you want to say after learning the text and watching the video? Because of the beautiful display in front, students think of teachers, garden workers, cleaners and astronauts who are as dedicated as the pavers in the text, and then students cooperate to write a vivid and beautiful composition, combining speaking and writing to achieve the purpose of training students' language.
Fourth, appreciate words and cultivate aesthetic feeling.
Chinese textbooks for primary schools are not only vivid and beautiful in language, but also rich in emotion in most texts. In teaching, we can experience the beauty of language and emotional form of teaching materials through emotional reading and appreciation.
1, beautiful reading. For example, when teaching the Soviet version of "Two Springs Reflecting the Moon", the author described it this way: "A Bing used this touching piano sound to tell people that he loved the music that supported him through his miserable life, his beautiful and rich hometown, his love for the clear spring of Huishan, and his love for the moonlight shining on the clear spring ..." The author used parallelism to achieve symmetry and neatness in language form. Teaching such sentences can guide students to read aloud while enjoying music on the basis of familiarity. You can also ask students to fill in the artistic blanks in the text. You can ask the students, what else does A Bing like? This not only expands students' imagination, understands the content of the text, but also unconsciously cultivates students' musical aesthetic ability.
2. Reward. Although the number of ancient Chinese poetry teaching in primary schools is small, it contains extremely rich aesthetic education resources. In teaching, teachers should guide students to savor every word of the text carefully, imagine slowly, taste slowly and appreciate the connotation of beauty on the basis of grasping the content of the text as a whole. The beauty of language in ancient poetry is manifested in the unique beauty of music and the beauty of precision, conciseness and implication of language. At the same time, the poetic artistic conception and visualized philosophy in ancient poetry are also valuable resources for enlightening students' wisdom, developing students' thinking and purifying students' emotions. Therefore, in the teaching of classical poetry, we must arouse students' aesthetic perception, try our best to introduce students into the realm of beauty and achieve the purpose of appreciation.
Fifth, reading painting deeply leads to beauty.
Let the students read the articles since the enlightenment, learn articles and make sentences, and experience their thoughts and feelings. Then, add scenery reasonably and add words to the painting. While cultivating reading ability and inquiry ability, students' innovative ability has also been significantly improved. The step (1) is to read the text silently and feel the dangerous sentences in the text. Teachers should read well. (2) Draw this road according to your own imagination. (3) Add words to your own paintings to express road risks. This paves the way for students to experience the hardships of pavers in the future. The students drew a narrow and steep mountain road, surrounded by many colorful scenery and pavers with stones all over their backs. Some of them are resting, some are wiping sweat, and some are crawling, with different shapes and lifelike.
While guiding students to understand and use Chinese correctly, we should combine imparting knowledge with aesthetic experience, and integrate the aesthetic factors of teaching materials into the teaching content to make it have beautiful characteristics; We should give full play to students' ability to perceive, appreciate and create beauty, so that students can enjoy their emotions, cultivate their sentiments, purify their hearts and form a correct outlook on life and values while learning knowledge. In Chinese textbooks for primary schools, many articles are both good-looking and contain a lot of aesthetic factors. Especially when teaching landscape articles, students should be guided to master the language and find beauty from the teaching materials. In the narrative mainly about people, the author often embodies the beauty of characters' behavior, morality, thought and quality through various artistic images. In teaching, students should be guided to grasp the detailed description of portraits, language, demeanor, movements and psychology in the text to perceive the beautiful image and excellent quality of the characters, thus arousing students' resonance, being infected by thoughts and cultivating aesthetics. In addition to the above-mentioned beauty of perception, guidance and expansion, Chinese teaching also includes the beauty of teachers' language, posture, writing on the blackboard, teaching situation and harmonious relationship between teachers and students. There are many factors of beauty. As long as you are good at digging and showing them, you can have obvious or subtle influence on students.
Therefore, through the above methods, students will find beauty in their study. Feel beauty. In this way, you will be interested in learning.
In a word, aesthetic education permeates all aspects of Chinese teaching. Aesthetic education runs through the whole process of Chinese teaching in primary schools and can promote the harmonious development of students' body, mind and personality. As long as students feel, understand and comprehend beauty in Chinese teaching, they can be influenced by beauty and achieve the purpose of improving their aesthetic ability and quality.