Shu Qun (1913-1989) was born into a poor worker family in Acheng, Heilongjiang Province (now Acheng District, Harbin City). Originally named Li Shutang, the names of Li Chunyang, Li Xudong and Li Cunzhe were used. "Black" is the pen name he used after publishing literary poems in 1933. "Shu Qun" has been his lifelong pen name since the first novel "Children Without a Country" was published in "Literature" magazine in May 1936. When Shu Qun was 7 years old, he entered Xiying Primary School in Acheng. Later, he moved with his family to Yimianpo, and then attended the No. 2 Primary School in Zhuhe County (now Shangzhi City). However, due to his poor family background, he attended primary school for three and a half years. When he was fifteen years old, he applied for Harbin No. 1 Middle School. More than 500 candidates were considered, but only 80 were admitted. He ranked eighth and was enrolled in the Russian class. Unfortunately, because he could not pay for food, his student status was canceled after only 2 months of study. A Russian teacher intervened and he was able to return to school. But the good times didn't last long. In the second year, he was found out by the inspectors of the Education Department of the three northeastern provinces and was kicked out of the school. In 1929, with the help of his classmates, he returned to Harbin No. 1 Middle School to finish his third year of junior high school. Upon graduation, admission to the Northeast Merchant Marine School is tuition-free, but a one-year high school diploma is required. The two teachers who liked him not only enthusiastically gave him unannounced tutoring lessons, but also helped him obtain a certificate of graduation from high school for one year. He was eventually admitted. The Northeast Merchant Marine School was founded in the summer of 1927 when the warlord Zhang Zuolin ruled the three northeastern provinces. Shu Qun was a student in the second batch and was enrolled in driving class C. At that time, the school had only about 20 teaching staff. Feng Zhongyun came here from Beijing to teach, developed a group of underground party members of the Communist Party of China, and established the Harbin Jiangbei District Committee of the Communist Party of China. Fu Tianfei, a previous classmate whom Shu Qun met at school, was one of Feng Zhongyun's underground party members at that time. Shu Qun dropped out of Merchant Marine School after only half a year, and later worked as a Russian translator in the Navigation Bureau for a period of time. After the September 18th Incident, Shu Qun's family moved from Yimianpo to live on 16th Street outside Daowai, Harbin. The elderly father runs a cigarette stall on the street, but it is still difficult to make ends meet, and most of his family members are beggars. At that time, the spontaneous anti-Japanese movement was raging. Shu Qun voluntarily quit his job as a translator with a monthly salary of 60 yuan and joined the Anti-Japanese Volunteer Army organized by Che Lingyun, a former military instructor at Harbin No. 1 Middle School. When the team withdrew from Harbin to Yimianpo, Shu Qun mobilized his second brother-in-law Liu Wenlie to join the volunteer army. Shu Qun matured in the hail of bullets and became more convinced of Fu Tianfei's words: "The anti-Japanese armed forces can only win under the leadership of the Communist Party of China"! He made up his mind to return to Harbin to find the party! Find Fu Tianfei! In early 1932, Shu Qun had been in Harbin for several months and still could not find Fu Tianfei. Little did he know that Fu Tianfei was following Yang Jingyu to build an anti-alliance team in Panshi. One day, Shu Qun finally found a fellow student - Chen Shiqing, an underground member of the Communist Party of China. At the end of March, after his introduction, Shu Qun joined the Third International in China. The organization assigned him to do grassroots work and served as the head of the Taonan Intelligence Station. Under the cover of the distribution office of "Harbin Five Days Pictorial", he was engaged in the collection and transmission of intelligence. In August of the same year, 19-year-old Shu Qun secretly joined the Communist Party of China. During this period, Shu Qun used the pseudonym "Black Man" to publish many poems and essays with patriotic and progressive ideological content in the supplements of "International Association", "Harbin Business Daily" and "Datong News", and also participated in performances by the "Star Theater" . At the same time, he established deep friendships with Luo Feng, Seke, Jin Jianxiao, Xiao Jun, Xiao Hong, Bai Lang, etc. When Xiao Hong was about to give birth in Harbin and had no one to see her, it was Shu Qun who was the first to rescue her. When Xiao Jun and Xiao Hong were facing difficulties in funding the publication of their debut collection of short stories "Travel", it was Shu Qun who used the 50 yuan he had saved through frugality to help them raise enough money for printing. In early 1934, the underground party organization in Manchuria Province suffered serious damage. Shu Qun lost contact with the organization and was forced to leave Harbin and go to Qingdao. In the autumn of 1934, Qingdao's underground party organization was severely damaged due to traitors' reports. During a large-scale manhunt by the Kuomintang Blue Clothes Club, Shu Qun and the Ni brothers and sisters, both of whom were revolutionaries, were not spared. Because the enemy did not know his true identity and activities in Harbin, he was released after a few months. He wrote the novella "Children Without a Country" while in prison. After his release, he came to Shanghai after many twists and turns. In 1937, the party organization organized Shanghai's revolutionary cultural people to retreat into two teams. Shu Qun initially went to Chongqing with the first team. Later, due to work needs, he went to Yan'an with Zhou Yang, Ai Siqi and others from the second team. When passing through the Eighth Route Army office in Xi'an, he was appointed by Lin Boqu to go to the front line of Shanxi and served as secretary to Commander-in-Chief Zhu De at the Eighth Route Army headquarters. He also participated in the famous Pingxingguan Battle as a reporter with the headquarters, and conducted field interviews with Zhou Libo and American female writer Smedley. Sixteen works written by him, including "Written on the Taixian Line", "Remembering Smedley" and "Remembering He Zizhen", were published one after another. In June 1938, the sixth volume of the Battlefield Series "Records of the Western Front" was published by Shanghai. A book. In February 1938, Comrade Ren Bishi sent him to Wuhan to co-found the literary and art publication "Battlefield" with Ding Ling. In July and August 1938, when Shu Qun evacuated from Wuhan to Guilin, he was dispatched by Li Kenong, the head of the Guilin Eighth Route Army Office, to do liaison work with the Korean volunteers stationed in Qixingyan, and helped them perform a performance written by Jin Changman. Drama "Joseon's Daughter". It was not until 1940 that the party organization officially sent Shu Qun back to Yan'an, the holy land of revolution.
From 1941 to 1943, he was appointed by Comrade Kaifeng as the chief editor of the fourth page of the literary supplement of "Liberation Daily". During this period, he had extensive contacts with the main leading comrades of our party and army. He participated in assisting Comrade Mao Zedong in preparing for the Yan'an Forum on Literature and Art. In the spring of 1943, Shu Qun participated in the famous Nanniwan land reclamation and large-scale production movement. During this period, Shu Qun had many contacts with Mao Zedong and other older generation revolutionaries, and was able to listen to their teachings in person, which accumulated first-hand information for him to later complete "The Story of Mao Zedong". After the victory of the "August 15" Anti-Japanese War in 1945, in order to open up literary and artistic work in the Northeast, the party established the Northeastern Literature and Art Working Group with comrades from Yan'an Luyi as the center. Shu Qun served as the group leader and led the group to the Northeast. On November 2, they arrived in Shenyang after two months of trekking. Shu Qun, who had been away from his hometown in Northeast China for 12 years, was deeply moved. In the "Northeast Daily" in early 1946, he expressed his feelings at that time in an article titled "Returners". After returning to his hometown, he served as deputy director of the Cultural Committee of the Propaganda Department of the Northeast Bureau of the Communist Party of China. He led the establishment of the first film studio in New China - Northeast Film Studio and served as director. He also served as Northeastern University Vice president and vice president of Northeastern Federation of Literary and Art Circles. During his return to work in the Northeast, Shu Qun traveled all over the Northeast. In 1950, Shu Qun went to the battlefield to resist U.S. aggression and aid Korea as a writer, working at the headquarters of the 116th Division of the 39th Army. During this period, he wrote the novel "The Third Battle". Unfortunately, the manuscript was not published and he suffered a disaster along with the author during the "Cultural Revolution". In 1951, he served as deputy secretary-general of the China Federation of Literary and Art Circles and secretary-general of the Chinese Writers Association. In 1952, he transferred to the metallurgical front and then went to Northeast China, where he contributed to the restoration of production and development of my country's metallurgical front. During this period, he wrote novels such as "This Generation" and "Beyond the Factory History" that reflected the spirit of the metallurgical front. He also wrote many short stories such as "Cui Yi" and "My Female Teacher" that reflected the theme of resisting U.S. aggression and aiding Korea. novel. In 1955, he was wrongly criticized, and in 1958 he was wrongly dealt with again. During the "Cultural Revolution", Shu Qun's experience was even worse, but he still persisted in creating. The first draft of "The Banquet in the Zaoyuan", one of Mao Zedong's stories, was written during this period. In October 1978, Shu Qun was completely rehabilitated for the third time. After resuming work in 1979, he successively served as vice chairman of the Benxi Federation of Literary and Art Circles, consultant to the Chinese Writers Association, and was successively elected as a member of the fifth, sixth, and seventh committees of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. Since 1980, Shu Qun has entered the third climax of literary and artistic creation despite being plagued by illness. The more than 700,000-word manuscript of "The Story of Mao Zedong" that he had accumulated and created for decades was rewritten and published after the tragedy. During this period, volumes 1-4 of "Collected Works of Shu Qun" with more than 1 million words, and "Selected Short Stories of Shu Qun" with more than 300,000 words were published one after another. Time is becoming more and more precious to Shu Qun. Just before his 500,000-word monograph "Chinese Dialects Book Bibliography" with high academic value was published, and before his third novel "Xiangqu" came out, on August 2, 1989, Shu Qun Unfortunately, he died in Beijing at the age of 76. Shu Qun said many times during his lifetime, and pointed out in the preface to his collection of essays: "When he was alive, his works depended on the fate of the writer, but a few years after his death, the writer took the fate of his works as his fate, or each had his own destiny. destiny. Future generations are iron-faced and history is selfless.
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