Renaissance refers to a European ideological and cultural movement that reflected the requirements of the emerging bourgeoisie from the 14th century to the 16th century.
The concept of "Renaissance" was used by Italian humanist writers and scholars in the 14th and 16th centuries. At that time, people thought that literature and art had been highly prosperous in the classical times of Greece and Rome, but declined and disappeared in the "dark ages" of the Middle Ages, and it was not until the 14th century that it was "regenerated" and "revived", so it was called "Renaissance".
The Renaissance first rose in Italian cities, then spread to western European countries, and reached its peak in the 16th century, bringing a period of scientific and artistic revolution and opening the curtain of modern European history, which is regarded as the boundary between the Middle Ages and modern times.
Renaissance is one of the three major ideological emancipation movements in modern Western Europe (Renaissance, Reformation and Enlightenment).
after the 11th century, with the recovery and development of economy, the rise of cities and the improvement of living standards, people gradually changed their pessimistic and desperate attitude towards real life and began to pursue the pleasure of secular life, which is contrary to the Catholic idea.
In Italy, where the urban economy was prosperous in the 14th century, resistance to Catholic culture first appeared. At that time, Italian citizens and secular intellectuals, on the one hand, hated the theocratic status of Catholicism and its hypocritical asceticism.
On the other hand, because there is no mature cultural system to replace Catholic culture, they express their cultural ideas by reviving ancient Greek and Roman cultures.
Therefore, the Renaissance highlighted the aspect that the new culture took the classics as its teacher, which was not a simple classical renaissance, but actually a bourgeois anti-feudal new culture movement.
Extended information:
Introduction to the representative figures of the Renaissance:
1. Shakespeare William Shakespeare (English: William Shakespeare, April 23, 1564-April 23, 1616), who is often regarded as Shakespeare in Chinese society, is a history of English literature.
Shakespeare was born and raised in Stratford-upon-Avon. He married Anne Hathaway at the age of 18, and they had three children: Susanna, twins Hamnett and Judith.
Shakespeare started a successful career in London during the period of more than 2 years from the end of 16th century to the beginning of 17th century. He was not only an actor and playwright, but also a partner of the Palace Minister Troupe, and later changed his name to King Troupe. Around 1613, Shakespeare retired to Stratford-upon-Avon and died three years later.
159-16 was the golden age of Shakespeare's creation. His early plays were mainly comedies and historical plays, which reached the peak of depth and artistry in the late 16th century.
from 161 to 168, he mainly wrote tragedies. Shakespeare advocated noble sentiments and often described sacrifice and revenge, including Othello, Hamlet, King Lear and Macbeth, which was regarded as the best example of English. In the last stage of his life, he began to create tragicomedy, also known as legendary drama.
Shakespeare's works handed down include 37 plays, 154 sonnets and two narrative poems. His plays have been translated into various major languages, and the number of performances far exceeds the works of all other dramatists.
2. Leonardo da Vinci
Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci； (Italian: Leonardo di Serpiero da Vinci; April 15, 1452-May 2, 1519), a famous Italian painter and scientist, together with Raphael and Michelangelo, was also called the three outstanding figures of the Italian Renaissance, and was also one of the representatives of the whole European Renaissance.
At the age of 15, he went to Florence to study with a teacher, grew up to be a painter and sculptor with scientific literacy, and became a military engineer and architect.
After applying to Milan in p>1482, he graduated from the Italian Institute of Technology and became a famous Italian architect and painter. He conducted creative and research activities in the noble court, and since 1513 he has been wandering in Rome and Florence.
He lived in France in p>1516, and the asteroid 3 was named "Leonardo". The most famous work is Mona Lisa, which is now one of the three treasures of the Louvre in Paris.
3. Michelangelo
Michelangelo Buonarroti (March 6, 1475—February 18, 1564), also translated as "Michelangelo", was a great Italian painter, sculptor, architect and poet in the Renaissance, and was the representative of the highest peak of sculpture art in the Renaissance. He was also called the three masters after the Renaissance with Raphael and Leonardo da Vinci.
his father is Lodovico di Leonardo di Buonarroti di Simoni, and his mother's name is Piero Della Francesca di Neri del mini ATO di Siena.
He pursued the perfection of art all his life and insisted on his own artistic ideas. He died in Rome in 1564. His style influenced artists for almost three centuries.
Asteroid 31 was named after him to show the respect of future generations.
romain rolland wrote a biography of Michelangelo, which is included in Who's Who. Michelangelo is the author of David and Genesis.