Poets, with aspirations, have ambitions in their hearts, take poems as words to express their feelings, and lack words, so they sigh, sigh and sing, but they don't know how to dance. ?
Emotion comes from sound, and sound is written as sound, which governs the vocal music of the world and its politics; The voice of troubled times is angry, and its politics is good; The voice of national subjugation grieves, and its people are trapped. Therefore, gain and loss, movement and the world, feeling and ghosts and gods are close to poetry. The former king learned from the husband and wife, became filial, virtuous, beautiful and civilized, and changed customs. ?
1, "Preface to Shi Mao" is a poem about the virtue of empresses, and it is the beginning of the Book of Songs, which is used to educate the world and correct the way of husband and wife. So it can be used to educate rural people, and it can also be used to educate governors and countries. Wind is moral and enlightenment; Use fables to move and educate people.
2. Poetry is a place where people express their ambitions. It is ambition in their hearts, and poetry is expressed in language. The emotions that are touched in the heart will inevitably be expressed in language. If words are insufficient to express them, they will sigh. If sighing is not enough to express them, they will sing Long song. If Long song is not enough to express himself, they will dance uncontrollably.
3. Emotion should be expressed by sound, and sound becomes the tone of palace, business, horn, sign and feather, which is music. Millennium music is peaceful and joyful, and politics at that time was peaceful and smooth; The music in troubled times was resentful and angry, and the politics at that time was surly and cruel; The music at the time of national subjugation was sad and thoughtful, and its people were trapped and poor. Therefore, nothing is closer to achieving this goal than poetry, to correct political gains and losses and to touch the gods of heaven and earth. Ancient kings used poems to correct the relationship between husband and wife, cultivate filial piety, be honest and virtuous in interpersonal relationships, cultivate an atmosphere of pure education and change bad customs.
Therefore, poetry has six meanings: one is called "wind", the other is called "fu", the third is called "bi", the fourth is called "xing", the fifth is called "elegance" and the sixth is called "ode". The upper class (ruler) educates the lower class (common people) and the lower class (common people) with "wind".
5. Use "wind" to satirize the top (ruler) and use deep and implicit words to gently advise. Those who speak will not offend, and those who listen will be alert. This is called "wind". As for the decline of the monarch, the abolition of etiquette and righteousness, the loss of politics and religion, the vassal States have their own ways, and the customs of the people are different, so the "wind" and "change"
6. National historians understand the facts of political gains and losses, lament the sloppy human relations, and lament the harshness of criminal law politics, so they choose poems that lament their own feelings to satirize the monarch. This is because things in the world have (already) changed and I miss the old customs, so "changing the wind" is a heartfelt feeling, but it does not go beyond etiquette. Feelings from the heart are human nature; It is the grace of my late king to be enlightened not to go beyond propriety and righteousness.
7. Therefore, if poetry praises a country and only expresses the poet's inner feelings, it is called "wind"; If poetry is about the world and shows the customs in all directions, it is called elegance. "Elegance" is a positive meaning, which refers to the reasons for the decline and prosperity of the royal government.
8. Politics is different, so some are called "Xiaoya" and others are called "Elegance". Ode is to praise Wang Shengde and tell his ancestors about his successful career. (Wind, Xiaoya, Elegance, Ode) This is the "four beginnings" and the highest in the poem.