Which dynasty did Yang Shen belong to?
Yang Shen was a famous litterateur in Ming Dynasty, the first of the three gifted scholars in Ming Dynasty, and the son of Yang Tinghe, a university student in Dongge.
In six years (15 1 1), Yang Shen was the top scholar, edited by imperial academy, and participated in the compilation of Records of Wu Zong. Wu walked out of Juyongguan, unwilling to remonstrate. Sejong succeeded to the throne and was later edited by Hanlin, who held an official position at the banquet. In the third year of Jiajing (1524), he was stationed in Yongchangwei, Yunnan Province because of his "great gift". He led the slaves to help quell the Wenchao rebellion in Anquan and Wudingfeng. Since then, he has traveled between Sichuan and Yunnan, but he still died in Yongchang. In the thirty-eighth year of Jiajing (1559), Yang Shen died in the garrison at the age of 72. Ming Taizu Mu Zong posthumously awarded Shao Qing as the satrap of Guanglu Temple, while Ming Xizong posthumously awarded him as "Wen Xian", known as "Yang Wen Xian".
Yang Shen has been in southern Yunnan for 30 years, reading widely. Later generations talked about the wealth of memorizing writing in Ming Dynasty, pushing Yang Shen as the first. He is also good at prose, ci and Sanqu, and has a wide range of ancient textual research works. His poems flourished in the Six Dynasties, adopted in the late Tang Dynasty, and became profound and successful, independent of the prevailing atmosphere at that time. There are more than 400 kinds of works, and later generations compiled Sheng An Ji.
The life of the character
Picking osmanthus trees in the Moon Palace-becoming a great man
Yang Shen was born on the sixth day of November in the first year of Hongzhi, Emperor Xiaozong of Ming Dynasty (1488). He is the grandson of Yang Chun, the official department minister, and the son of Yang Tinghe, a university student in Wuyingdian. He was smart and eager to learn since he was a child, and he was born in a scholarly family, so he received a good family education from an early age. At the age of seven, Yang Shen's mother taught him to read sentences and quatrains in the Tang Dynasty, and he often recited them. At the age of 1 1, he could write modern poetry. When he was twelve years old, he planned to write "Hanging the Ancient Battlefield", which contained the aphorism that "the soul of a brothel is broken and the bones grow moss in the daytime". His uncle, assistant minister of the Ministry of War Rui Hong, read it and admired it very much, and ordered him to write On Qin. Grandfather looked at it and boasted, "My home is Ye Yi" (Chen Wenzhao's Chronicle of Grandmaster Yang Shengan). One day, my father and uncles were looking at paintings and asked Sheng An, "Those who have beautiful scenery are picturesque; If the painting is excellent, people say it is true, which one is right? " He was asked to write a poem to explain it. After a little thinking, Sheng An immediately wrote a poem saying: "The landscape is picturesque, and the paintings of the famous painter Dan Qing are as true as they are; The dream is inseparable from the imperial coach, and the shadow is given to the golden poet. " At the age of thirteen, he entered Beijing with his father. Along the way, he wrote a farewell poem to Weicheng, a poem by Frost Leaf and a poem by Mawei Po. His poems about Yellow Leaves caused a sensation in Beijing. At that time, Li Dongyang, the leader and cabinet of Chaling Poetry School, "rewarded him when he saw him, and made him quit his post", calling Yang a "little friend".
Yang Shen took the imperial examination at the age of twenty-one, and examiners Qin Wang and Liang Chu ranked Yang Shen's article as the first. Unexpectedly, the candlelight actually fell on the test paper and burned out, which made it famous in Sun Shan. Yang Shen was not discouraged by this unexpected blow. After several years' efforts, Yang Shen finally won the first place in palace examination and was awarded the title of imperial academy at the age of 24 in Zheng De's sixth year (15 1 year). From then on, Yang Shen officially stepped onto the political stage of the Ming Dynasty. Later, because of his mother's death, he went back to his hometown to attend to the funeral. After the funeral, he became an academician to write.
Ask for sick leave.
Yang Shen's political career was very bumpy and difficult. He is honest and fearless of power. Zhu Houzhao was an emperor in the Ming Dynasty. He didn't care about state affairs and liked to travel around. In response to Zhu Houzhao's absurd behavior, Yang Shen did not shy away from the axe, but dared to call a spade a spade. In the 12th year of Zheng De's reign (15 17), he sent Ding Chou a seal, accusing Zhu Houzhao of "acting rashly and doing nothing" and urging him to stop this absurd behavior. Zhu Houzhao paid no attention to this, and still went its own way. Yang Shen was really angry when he saw the people in dire straits, so he called in sick and resigned.
Anti-scaling personnel
In the sixteenth year of Zheng De (152 1), Zhu Houzhao died. As he had no children, after discussion between Queen Zhang and Yang Shen's father Yang Tinghe, he was succeeded by his cousin, who was Ming Shizong. After Zhu Houzong acceded to the throne, he was named Yang Shen Hanlin Academy and gave a banquet as an official.
In the second year of Jiajing (1523), he participated in the compilation of Records of Wu Zong, and was appointed as the editor.
Yang Shen used the opportunity of studying in Zhu Houzong to educate Zhu Houzong in connection with the actual situation at that time. For example, Aring Zhang, Yu Jing and others were sentenced to death, but they were not punished. Their capital crimes were pardoned by Zhu Houzong. [10] When Yang Shen gave a lecture at the banquet, he specially chose the chapter of "Gold as a punishment for redemption" in Shangshu, and preached to Zhu Houzong: "The system of redemption by saints is used on villains to rehabilitate the people; There is no redemption for big rape and big evil. " Zhu Houzong was very unhappy after hearing this, and often used it as an excuse to stop reading. Because of his honest and frank personality, Yang Shen lost his love with the emperor and made enemies with the powerful minister and traitor. Although he was ambitious and tried to serve the country, his political talents were difficult to display at that time.
Especially in the cabinet "big gift" dispute, Yang Shen's "rebellious" character was highlighted. At that time, after Zhu Houzong ascended the emperor's throne in the form of "brotherhood", according to the rules of succession to the throne, Zhu Houzong must admit that Xiaozong was an "imperial examination" and enjoy visiting the ancestral temple; Your biological father can only be called "biological father" or "uncle". On the sixth day after Zhu Houzong acceded to the throne, he made an imperial edict to the ministers, agreeing that his biological father would present the king as an imperial examination and be treated according to the title and etiquette of the emperor. In this way, the monarchy and the family became the object of dispute among cabinet ministers at that time. At that time, Zhang Cong, Gui Calyx and other nouveau riche, in order to cater to the above ideas, clung to the right of rape and advocated the joint Zong Rui (Zhu Shiyuan, Xing Xian Wang) between Xianzong and Wuzong. Yang Tinghe, a respected father and son, and many ministers resolutely opposed it. To this end, Yang Tinghe was forced to resign, and Yang Shen repeatedly wrote to resign, unwilling to work with "shameless villains" such as Zhang and Gui. To this, the headstrong Zhu Houzong was very angry. He went his own way, officially renamed his biological father Emperor Gongmu, and Yang Shen "He Shen admonished Feng as a bachelor". Not life, with courtier Fu Zuoshun door into the remonstrance ",Zhu Houzong is furious, with violent repression," life will be a letter to the eight people in prison first ". When the news came out, the crowd was furious. In the same year, Yang Shen made an appointment with Jinshi and reviewed more than 200 people including Wang Yuan. He said excitedly: "the national training scholars 150 years, which is today. "Then, at Jinshuiqiao and Zuoshunmen, Liegong cried, protesting against the illegal arrest of courtiers and making a sound in the court." Emperor Yi was angry. He was told that he would be sent to prison and court. "Yang Shen was arrested on July 15th, was stabbed on July 17th, and died. Every ten days, he stabbed the scepter again, almost dying, and was later demoted to Yongchangwei (now Baoshan County, Yunnan Province).
Exile in southern Yunnan
Yang Tinghe died in Zhu Houzhao before Zhu Houzong arrived, and he was in charge of state affairs for 37 days. He abolished many officials who abused the army. After Yang Shen was demoted, the Abolitionists recruited some outlaws to ambush on the road, waiting for an opportunity to kill Yang Shen. Yang Shen know, be careful all the way, to Linqing county when these talents dispersed. On his way to help the patient, he rode near Wan Li and was very tired. When I arrived at Yongchangwei, I was almost devastated.
During his long exile in southern Yunnan for more than 30 years, Yang Shen did not become passive and decadent because of the harsh environment, but still worked hard and refused to yield to evil forces. Passing through Xiangxi, he remembered Qu Yuan, who was exiled by Chu Huaiwang, and couldn't help but hum: "A long breath can't hide tears!" "The road is long, Xiu Yuan, and I will go up and down." In Guizhou, he thought of Li Bai, who was demoted as a yelang (now Tongzi County), and lamented that "I am farther away, and a thousand years are like one day" (Travel Notes of Yunnan). He not only expressed his affection for mountains and rivers, but also wrote with his heart to make history for the Bai people. Everywhere I go, I often express my political enthusiasm by chanting exotic flowers and grasses in the frontier. In Nanzhiqu, he portrayed himself as an old plum who was born in a lonely mountain but was "peerless and independent", releasing her fragrance. In Camellia, it is praised that Camellia is not afraid of cold, "green leaves are red and snowflakes are blooming". In Yongchang, when he saw the mirror flower edge of Tang Po who was "opposite the hollyhock", he lamented that the sunflower was facing the sun, which was of course a symbol of loyalty. Tang po's mirror flowers are blooming behind the sun, which should be the performance of courtiers. My courtiers are often pushed aside and vilified by flattering courtiers, and shameless villains often pretend to be Japanese hollyhocks, which is hard to tell. There is an honest personality and ideal in reciting things.
What's more commendable is that during his exile, Yang Shen still cared about people's sufferings and did not forget state affairs. For example, when he found that the gentry in Kunming seized private land in the name of repairing Haikou, turned the public into private interests, pocketed their own money, and harmed others, he not only wrote poems such as Haimen Travel and HouHaimen Travel in righteous words, but also wrote to Zhao Jianmen, governor of Yunnan, thinking that the movement was "the second and third armies gave up on themselves, advocating profit and pocketing their own money."
In the fifth year of Jiajing (1526), Yang Tinghe fell ill, and Yang Shen was able to go home for a short time to visit relatives. Yang Tinghe was very happy and recovered. After Yang Tinghe recovered, Yang Shen returned to Yongchang. When they heard that Anquan in Xundian and Feng Chaowen in Wuding rebelled, they led 100 servants and infantry to Mihm's station, and together with Zhang Lan, they tried to defeat the rebels and put down the rebellion.
In the eighth year of Jiajing (1529), Yang Tinghe died in Xindu at the age of 7 1 year. Yang Shen begged the Governor Ouyang Zhong to go back to his hometown and bury his father. After approval, he rushed back to Xindu for funeral service. After that, he temporarily returned to Sichuan, or stayed in the provincial capital of Yunnan, or stayed in Yongchang, and was well treated by local officials.
Due to the grand ceremony, Zhu Houzong was extremely dissatisfied with Yang Tinghe and Yang Shen. He often asked about Yang Shen's recent situation, but the minister answered Yang Shen's "old illness", and Zhu Houzong was a little relieved. Yang Shen listened to, more wild. I often indulge in wine and visit places of interest. "Yuefu Moon Hee" said that he "blushed in his spare time, arranged flowers in a double bun and asked prostitutes to support the parade. This is not shameful. " In the end, Zhu Houzong I granted amnesty to the world six times, but Yang Shen could not return it. According to the law, he can be redeemed at the age of 60, but no one dares to accept it.
Yang Shen returned to Luzhou for a short stay when he was nearly seventy years old, and was soon escorted back to Yongchang by four commanders sent by the governor.
Died in the fortress.
In the thirty-eighth year of Jiajing (1559), Yang Shen died in the garrison on July 6th (August 8th) at the age of seventy-two. On his deathbed, he also encouraged future generations by saying, "I dare not look back on my ancestors for my benefit, and I dare not look back for my righteousness." After Yang Shen's death, Shi Yu, the then deputy governor of Yunnan, ordered him to be buried in the coffin and his hometown Xindu.
In the winter of the 40th year of Jiajing (1560), Yang Shen was buried next to his father Yang Tinghe.
In the first year of Qin Long (1567), Ming Muzong posthumously awarded Yang Shen as Shao Qing of Guanglu Temple. During the reign of Emperor Mingxi (162 1 year-1627), he pursued "Wen Xian".
Major achievements
literature
There are about 2,300 poems written by Yang Shen, which are very extensive. Because he has lived in Yunnan for more than 30 years, "homesickness" and "homesickness" poems account for a large proportion. When he was exiled to Yunnan, his wife Huang Li accompanied him to Jiangling to see him off. His work A Farewell to Jiangling expressed his feelings, which was profound and sad. "Stay in Jinsha River" describes the feelings of Sichuan and Yunnan on the way back and forth: "I don't want to wander around the sea, Jialing looks back, and the moonlight sounds like this, and I am heartbroken at Wan Li Building in Jinsha." Thinking about the past and the present reflects the pain of leaving sorrow.
On his deathbed, he wrote a poem entitled "Feeling from Illness on June 14th": "Seventy years later, I am old, and it is clear that the law allows me to retire. Returning to Hugh became Bajiang, and it was turned into a prisoner in Yunnan. " It is touching to describe his regret that he returned to Shu due to illness but recovered on the way.
Some of his poems also show concern for people's sufferings. "Tour of Haikou" and "Tour of Houhaikou" revealed that landlords and landlords colluded with local officials and used the estuary to occupy land for personal gain. In his poem, he pointed out that "100,000 taels of silver will make the officials happy and rich in resentment" and called for "letting people stop this banquet and singing and dancing for a trillion times". He said in the proverb "Watching Rice" that "there is no singing in the promised land, and there are songs in good years." However, I'm worried about the urgency of military affairs. Songmao is at war. "It shows the poor life of farmers in good years, but because of the heavy military pay, they still have no food and clothing. Other works, such as Baojing Pian and Gan Dianchi Lake, are also in this category.
Yang Shen also wrote many landscape poems. He described the scenery of Yunnan and the mountains and rivers of the motherland, which was quite distinctive. "Popular in the Sea" wrote to the wind in Shimonoseki: "Cangshan Gorge gathers at the mouth of Cang River, and the sky beam is roared off by sunny thunder. There is a constant wind in it, passing through the moving forest and sand. It doesn't matter if the cliff is close at hand, Ma Changke is low. " Magnificent, magnificent. And "Dragon Crown Song": "The smoke in both ears is like five Tianjin, and the fishing lights are shining. In the middle of the month, the wine is fragrant, and there is no one on the tree. " Writing about the night of Erhai Lake, the lights of fishing boats and the waves reflected by the moon are delicate and fresh. When he came to Lushan Mountain in Xichang, which is known as the scenic spot in southern Sichuan, he saw the beautiful scenery here and the grand occasion of the Torch Festival, and he sang the famous sentence "Stay at Lushan Mountain for the night": "I will stay at Lushan Mountain tonight, and the gate of Galvatron will not be closed at night. Who smashed the space and the stars fell into the world. " In addition, Yang Shen has poems describing and praising historical heroes, loyal ministers and righteous men, and even the tiller has his own firewood, among which there are many excellent works.
Yang Shen was able to leave Zhang Leibi when the first seven scholars advocated that "literature should be in the Qin and Han Dynasties and poetry should flourish in the Tang Dynasty" and the retro style prevailed. He widely absorbed some advantages of the poems of the Six Dynasties and the early Tang Dynasty, and formed his "graceful" poetic style. For example, there are 12 Dianhai songs and 9 Zhi Zhu songs in the Three Gorges, which depict the scenery of mountains and rivers and win the charm of Yuefu. His weeping willow is full of early Tang style. "Back to Banqiao in yujiang county Township": "A long March is not afraid of the distance. It's really like Xie Yao Xuancheng Road, Nanpu Xinlin crosses Banqiao. " Express your tired and bitter feelings, and your feelings will be fine. Don't go to new places again. Yang Shen also extensively absorbed the advantages of the folk songs "On Sangjianpu" to enrich his poems. For example, My Farewell to Luojiang uses Mianzhou folk songs and suffixes with four farewell words, which are novel, unique and fresh.
Yang Shen dabbled in literature, Ci, Fu, Sanqu, Zaju and Tanci. His words and Sanqu are fresh and beautiful. Such as (Langtaosha) "Spring Dreams Like Flowers", the description is fine and the words are gorgeous and smooth. Sanqu (listening to a horse) "Ode to Wang Shunqing in the same boat" describes the quiet scenery of the boat under the moon, the river is full of color, the moonlight is like water, and it wants to sail into the sky and the Milky Way, with beautiful artistic conception and implicit narrative. His novel "Twenty-one History of Tanci" narrates the history from the Three Dynasties to the Yuan and Ming Dynasties. It is fluent in writing and writing, and is widely read. His prose is simple and elegant, and his brushwork is bold and unrestrained. Everything in the Korean Miscellaneous Symphony is obscene and elegant, not vulgar. In his early years, he wrote Ding Chou's seal, urging Emperor Zheng De to "listen to his words and disturb his own affairs", and admonished him with "the sages of the ancient times must seek great harmony", which was sincere and sometimes gentle and agitated. His Eight Arrays in Xindu County and The Story of a Beautiful Garden are also excellent narrative prose. In addition, he is also the author of zaju, such as The Mystery of the Banquet in the Cave of the Qing Dynasty, The Collection of Taihe, Cutting the Meat and Keeping the Essence King, etc.
Yuan Tankui's eight volumes are also textual research, which is roughly different from Dan Lead Record, but there are also considerable similarities and differences. Zhuge Liang said in Notes on Water Classics: "I sent a tiger step to supervise Meng Yan. According to the swordsman Shuidong, Sima Yi attacked the camp because the Weihe River rose. I made a bridge and shot it over the water. When the bridge is built, it will be gone. " This matter is not in the biography of the Three Kingdoms and Zhuge Liang, which can fill the historical gap.
Yang Shen not only talks about grammar in literature, but also advocates the origin of words in his poems and opposes extreme retro-ism. Oppose the history of poetry; I prefer Li Bai to Du Fu, and have a valuable discussion on Li Bai's life experience. He also identified Li Bai as a well-known person in Shu, and quoted his poems such as Shangshu Shangpei and Sad and Clear Autumn Fu to prove that Tang books called Bai a Longxi person and Emperor Taizong, and gained many new explanations in textual research and argumentation.
Confucianism
Yang Shen revealed the disadvantages of both Neo-Confucianism and Psychology. He said: If you aim high, you will worry about relying on emptiness; Specializing in exams risks drowning in your heart. Therefore, as the saying goes, "a gentleman respects morality and seeks knowledge." Therefore, the disadvantages of lofty, its investigation also, take the six classics as footnotes, take the empty rope as consistency, the shape of the talker is only a dog, the audio-visual words and deeds are not worried about life, the so-called high, learning without reality, the world Zen school takes it as it. The disadvantage of textual research is that it is useless to read and recite. It is better to decorate splendor, such as painting stars and flowers, dancing drums and prostitutes, and advocating half the effort. It is useless to learn.
"Respecting morality and seeking knowledge" was originally called in The Doctrine of the Mean. In Song Confucianism, Zhu advocated focusing on research and learning, advocating learning classics and doing what the sages left behind, and tended to emphasize "seeking knowledge". Lu Jiuyuan scoffed at its fragmentation. Lu Jiuyuan advocated that scholars should take off their classics and seek their true heart. He thinks that "learning from the scriptures is too harsh, and the Six Classics are all my footnotes", and there is a tendency of "respecting morality". Zhu Xi reprimanded him for giving up the lecture. Since the dispute between Zhu and Lu in the Southern Song Dynasty, the study of the two factions has gradually become a fire and water trend. "Those who respect Zhu despise Lu as crazy Zen, while those who respect Lu regard Zhu as vulgar learning, and learning becomes a portal, such as ice and charcoal." This has a great influence on the development of Confucianism, as it is said: "The dispute between Zhu and Lu has been debated by scholars until today. ... it flows in two ways: respecting morality, asking about learning, or falling into emptiness, or indulging in exegesis, and the pawn can't get it back. This is not clear. "
Yang Shen criticized both Zhu and Lu here, pointing out that the disadvantages of Lu Xue lie in "taking empty talk as the consistent principle", tending to be simple, entering Zen with emptiness, and "learning without reality"; The disadvantage of "learning miscellaneous knowledge" is that he indulges himself in vulgarization, while "learning is useless", in his view, "restraining the classics from following Zhu" and "new learning (this refers to Xiangshan's mind learning) cut off the classics and shovel the history, driving Confucianism back to Zen" have had a bad influence on the academic atmosphere and the development of Confucianism. In this way, Yang Shen completely denied the general education advocated by Rusong.
Yang Shen also held a completely negative attitude towards the popular "Daoism" (that is, Neo-Confucianism) and "Xue Xin". He said: "Taoism and psychology are different." Clearly understood, fair and just, the doctrine of the mean. Needless to say, it is easier said than done, and it is both internal and external. What you do, upside down, is a great sin of human relations. Gu Jinyi was crafty and talkative, and embellished the empty words with beautiful posture, saying: I teach the people, learn from my heart, and make people trance and understand, without trying to figure it out, so as to achieve the so-called Zen enlightenment. It's cruel to be a thief, but it's a trip that deceives people and confuses people. What is the significance of Taoism and psychology? He thinks that Confucianism is "plain and fair" and "consistent in appearance", but the so-called "Daoism" and "Xue Xin", which inherited the style of study of Confucianism in the Song Dynasty and prevailed in the Ming Dynasty, have different names and forms. In fact, they only know "nonsense" and "falsehood", but only talk without action, and "teach people to be in a trance but not to touch". The consequences are, first, deceiving the world, and second, confusing the people, so they are all "things that the holy king will punish without forgiveness." Such "Taoism" and "Mind" fundamentally deviate from the basic spirit of Confucianism.
It is pointed out that the theory of mind "cuts off classics and shovels history, escapes Confucianism and returns to Zen", and that Neo-Confucianism is also inextricably linked with Zen.
For example, he pointed out that Cheng Yi's "lively splash" quoted in Zhu's The Doctrine of the Mean is based on Buddhist quotations. He said that the exegesis of Shuowen and Erya were unfair and not simple. ..... In the Song Dynasty, monks and nuns were poor and made quotations; Confucianism also learns quotations from monks ... desire is easy, but knowledge is difficult; I want to know the classics, but I want to learn from them! What's more, because it's ugly and simple, it's easy to turn a good somersault into a poem, and it's easy to close your eyes and eyebrows into words. It is said that what I said about Zhu Cheng, what I said about the truth, are just words to express my meaning, and I don't want to work. Hey, left! Chen Xianzhang (Baisha Xue Xin) did what he said here: "Do somersaults into poems, close your eyes and close your eyebrows into words". It can be seen that, in Yang Shen's view, "learning Zen" leads to the obscurity of Confucianism's "reason" and the gloomy holy way, which is the common fault of Zhu Cheng's Neo-Confucianism and Wang Lu's Neo-Confucianism.
In addition, Yang Shen believes that Zhuangzi's so-called "saints exist regardless of Liuhe" is the most important statement, while Qiu Changchun's so-called "things in the world can't be investigated yet, but things in the world are almost the same" is the correct theory. However, Shao Yong and Zhu's view of heaven is strong and ignorant, which is actually "nonsense". He said, "In ancient times, the astronomer Michelle Ye Zhou Xun's gobbledygook and Gan Shiluo's Flowing of the cymbals never said anything about it. I just don't know if I don't say it. If what Shao Zi and Zhu said is not what people said, it goes without saying. What people don't know, they don't need to know. ..... If you can't live beyond heaven and earth, how can you know the true face of heaven? What's more, the sage's "asking questions and thinking close" also wants to know things in the world? " He also criticized Song Confucianism's theory of ghosts and gods, pointing out that Zhu's explanation of the so-called "ghosts and gods are morality" in The Doctrine of the Mean is contrary to the writing purpose of Confucianism, and holds that: "Song Confucianism's explanation of the word" ghosts and gods "is too far-fetched, taking" qi "and" sex "as its words; ..... there are both "characters" and "traces of nature". It is tangible, audible, visible and audible. Is it against the golden mean? Besides, the doctrine of the mean is a universal truth, but the abstruse and empty words it quotes are not the purpose of writing a book. Therefore, Zhu Xi's Cheng Zhuan, Zhang's Er Qi, Shan Neng and the Trace of Nature can all be moved to understand the ghosts and gods in the Book of Changes, but not the ghosts and gods in the Doctrine of the Mean. Therefore, Yang Shen sneered at the "mixing", "fragmentation" and "separation" of Song Confucianism, just like the "drum of maiko", which is "unprecedented in learning, but effective in the words of the ancients, such as the drum festival for villagers to learn officials". Then, how to decorate the facade with the help of Buddhist words without flowing into Zen?
Criticize Yangming's mind
Yang Shen borrowed the words in Six Classics written by Chen, the deputy envoy of Yunnan Province, that "the meaning of every word is contained in the truth of sages and originated from solidity", and accused that "the Six Classics are all empty" and "the words that are not sages" are "the illusion of Buddhists". He said: "Confucianism is real, but the world is empty;" The emptiness of Zen teaching and the virtual reality of its world. In Chen Baisha's poem, he said,' Six Classics are bound to nothingness', which means that he wants to lead the world into Zen, and it is not a Confucian study! "Yang Shen even denounced Ming as a" master of Confucianism "and" master of Confucianism ",criticizing him for taking Confucianism as the face, taking Buddhism as the inside, seeing the truth through evidence, and" driving Confucianism back to Zen ",betraying Confucian classics, saying:" Your master Confucianism created new learning, cut off classics and painted history, drove Confucianism back to Zen, made it a figurine, and was eager to sing, so that it could be changed, and he also asked why people followed it harmoniously. Such as fresh fish and bamboo shoots, delicious and refreshing, and Chen Qian dishes, which taste like chewing ice, ants are tired of it, while goose and duck dishes are still sparse. For example, if you are really tired of watching it, you love to pretend; Tired of listening to the West Chamber, but singing the West Chamber. After listening for a long time, it's still true Dan and North West Chamber. There are many arguments and arguments, but slowly. "
As a master of Neo-Confucianism, Zhu received the most and strongest criticism.
Yang Shen not only criticized Zhu Jin academically and ideologically, for example, he mocked Zhu's independence in Chen Tongfu and Zhu Zishu, accused Zhu of "disobeying the public" in Wen Gong Shu, criticized Zhu's pedantry in the mud world of vulgar Confucianism, and criticized him in Zhao Da, North Henan and Da Dian Shu. How to wait is not easy to elaborate. Moreover, he more sharply exposed Zhu Zhixue's "loss of his specialty", "loss of his specialty, gain his insight, and destroy his sages", interpreted Confucian classics with his own neo-Confucianism, denied Confucian classics in Han and Tang Dynasties, and established his own ideological authority, thus Confucianism failed to observe, "lose its ugliness" and "lose its ugliness", and the lowly people studied and copied the Song people's strategies. This will inevitably lead to the arrest of Confucian classics. "
According to the preface of Yunnan Rural Examination, Yangming's collection of great achievements in mind learning and his advocacy of theories such as "mind is reason", "to conscience" and "unity of knowledge and action" caused the intellectual circles in the middle and late Ming Dynasty to be empty and shallow, saying, "Today, a scholar can learn! His superior spirit is empty, his teacher's heart is empty, he is tired of being rational, he covets the appointment of respect, he gradually speaks clearly, and then flows into the Zen realm. Those humble people pick up the remnants of bushes and recite the soul of wine. Chenchen Xiangyin, who doesn't know the meaning of words, scrambled for records one by one and kept asking questions. What's the difference between reciting poems and giving orders from temples? The high one is like this, and so is the low one. They regard Confucianism in the Han and Tang Dynasties as mourning, and the situation is three generations of English! "
write
Yang Shen studied hard and was diligent in writing all his life. He was a famous scholar in Ming Dynasty. He not only knows everything about classics, history, poetry, literature, lyrics, phonology, epigraphy, calligraphy and painting, but also has deep attainments in astronomy, geography, biology and medicine. For example, when he was an academician, Wu Zong asked Qin and other academicians: "The star has a note, also called. What star is it? " Everyone was tongue-tied and didn't answer. Only Yang Shen calmly said "Liu Xingye" and quoted Zhou Li, Historical Records, Hanshu and other documents to explain it. He previewed the Record of Master Wu Zongshi, and everything must be straight, not for the honour person. During his long exile, he was still "eager to learn and poor, and old to learn" (Biography of Yang Shen in Ming Dynasty). In the desolate frontier area of Yongchang, Yunnan, Sheng 'an is still addicted to books, "reading everything" and often says to people, "If you don't have enough resources, you should learn from yourself." ("Biography of the Ming Dynasty") He believes that to "know the world", one is to rely on "reading" to gain knowledge from personal experience; The second is to rely on "records" to obtain from other records and books. Therefore, he not only studied hard, but also insisted on writing. And everywhere I go, I will investigate and understand the local customs, study the local national language and enrich my knowledge from personal experience and practice. As a minister of punishment, he wrote many notes, selected books and many explanatory books when he was in southern Yunnan, relying only on his hard study, practice and memory. Such as Nanzhao unofficial history, Yunan Tongzhi, Yunan Shanchuan Zhi, Shenhouji, Nanzhong Zhi, Yunan Zai Ji and Yunan Shuo. According to the Chronicle of Sheng 'an Yang Shen, Yang Shen wrote more than 400 kinds of works in his life. Therefore, the preface to The Collection of Sheng 'an said: "From the beginning of the country to Jialong, the wealth of scholars' writings is not more than that of Mr. Sheng 'an. "The History of the Ming Dynasty originally said:" The knowledge of the Ming Dynasty, the wealth of works, is the first to be cautious. "
calligraphy
Yang Shen is an expert in calligraphy. According to Wang Shizhen's Ink Postscript of Famous Officials in China, Yang Shen is "famous for his erudition, and his books are also conceited by Xing Wu (Zhao Mengfu)". Zhu Changyi's poem "Fan Ba An" also said: "Calligraphy is superb, and there are still many engravings in southern Yunnan." His calligraphy theory is mainly found in Mo Chi's Zuo Lu, Shenggan Shupin and Fa Tie Shenpin.