Among ancient poets, Li Shangyin's poems are famous, but at the same time his reputation was not very good in the past. Critics of feudal society regarded him as a person who could not write, and called him "treacherous and frivolous, ungrateful" and so on. After liberation, the evaluation of Li Shangyin was not high, and he was regarded as the representative of "formalism" and "aestheticism" poets. After the new period, with the liberation of academic thought, the evaluation of Li Shangyin is more objective and fair. The research on his poems has also been deepened. In this respect, Mr. Fu Xuancong, Mr. Zhou Jianguo, Mr. Liu Xueyan and Mr. Yu Shucheng have all made great contributions. In fact, Li Shangyin is a poet with a sense of justice, a high degree of political enthusiasm, a keen insight into state affairs and a bold and sharp criticism of political reality. In his early years, he wrote a poem called Ding 'an Tieta, in which he wrote, "I always remember the dust in the Jianghu and want to go back to heaven and earth to get into a boat", which shows that he is a poet with great ambitions. In addition, his poems such as Crying for Liu Kuang all show his political integrity. He opposed the separatist regime in the buffer region and paid attention to social reality. He also satirizes the present in the form of poetry, criticizes reality, and so on. All these show that Li Shangyin is an ideal and ambitious poet in politics and an upright and knowledgeable poet in personality.
3. About Li Shangyin's works. There are more than 600 poems by Li Shangyin, including Poems of Yu Xisheng, which is called Fan Nan Wen Ji. His poetry and prose have achieved great success, but the influence of poetry is the greatest. His more than 600 poems have a wide range of contents, which can be roughly divided into the following categories.
First, political poems reflecting social reality. His representative works include "Hundred Rhymes in the Western Suburb" and so on, and he is known as the successor of Du Fu's Northern Expedition. In addition, two poems, such as Feeling and Re-feeling, can express his views and attitudes towards real politics.
The second is to chant epic poems. Li Shangyin's epic poems are numerous and precise, mostly revealing and satirizing the contradiction between the arrogance and fatuity of the supreme ruler and the feudal ruling class through history. Such as Longchi, Yaochi, Yong Shi, Ma Wei, Qigong Ci, Sui Palace, etc.
The third is the work of reciting things. Such as The Crow and Cicada.
The fourth is untitled poetry. This is the most creative, artistically perfect and influential category in Li Shangyin's poems. This kind of poetry is implicit and poetic, attracting the interest of countless readers and researchers. Generally speaking, some untitled poems may have political sustenance, and some may write about their own love. Why did Li Shangyin write untitled poems? Probably because he's hiding something. China's ancient poetry had no title in the era of The Book of Songs, which was the product of impersonalization of poetry creation. Since Qu and Song Dynasties, literati's creation has mushroomed, and poetry has a title, which has become an inseparable part of poetry content. But Li Shangyin began to write untitled poems again, which can be said to be one of his creations.
4. On the artistic features of Li Shangyin's poems. His predecessors rated him as "affectionate", "rich in meaning", "deep in sustenance, gentle in wording", profound and gorgeous, and so on. Generally speaking, his poems have the characteristics of careful conception, profound sustenance, beautiful language, accurate allusions and rigorous meter. Specifically, his poems have the following characteristics.
One is subjective tendency. He always entrusts his soul to the scenery, things or historical figures he sings, making the object have a strong symbolic color, blending with the author to a great extent, and even becoming the embodiment of the author.
Secondly, his poems show a strong sentimental tendency, which can be said that the sentimental tone is the main theme running through his poems.
The third is to make good use of allusions, accurate antithesis and beautiful language. The use of allusions can enrich the connotation of poetry, make the connotation of poetry richer and more intriguing, and deepen the theme of poetry. Li Shangyin's allusions are outstanding and accurate. The formation of the characteristics of his poems, such as "profundity and splendor" and "profundity and color", is related to this. But his allusions are too many, which sometimes leads to poetic obscurity. Therefore, Yuan Haowen, a gold man, once lamented, "The king's emperor is in love with cuckoos, and the beauty Jin Se complains about the years. Poets always love Quincy and hate that no one writes about Jian Zheng. " This is the case.
Ying fa jun Hao Shuang Zhuang qi
Du Mu was an expert in writing seven-character quatrains in the late Tang Dynasty. Wang Changling and Li Bai in Tang Dynasty were promoted by predecessors. Li Yi and Liu Yuxi were promoted in the middle Tang Dynasty. In the late Tang Dynasty, Du Mu and Li Shangyin were cited.
Biography of Talented Scholars in Tang Dynasty: Later generations commented on pastoral poetry, such as a copper pill walking on a stone bench and a fine horse falling on a slope, which means that it is round and fast and struggling.
There are two contradictory aspects in Du Mu's thought. Du Mu had two completely different contradictory thoughts in his life, both of which were constantly changing. "Du Mu, after all, is more positive and less negative, so the beginning should be positive and negative, and then positive in negative. Du Mu's thoughts are constantly changing in this formula.
This paper analyzes the poet's ambition of worrying about the country and the people, and holds that he is armed, knowledgeable and good at using troops, and he is armed only to be a soldier. Wu Zaiqing's On Du Mu also discusses Du Mu's political thought, and holds that Du Mu is not only a patriot who dares to face up to reality and expose social abuses, but also a poet who sympathizes with and cares for people's livelihood.
Du Mu's heroism reflects the fantasy and efforts of some people with lofty ideals who tried to save the nation and survive in the late Tang Dynasty.
Du Mu advocates that all works should be based on meaning, supplemented by qi and guarded by words, and has a correct understanding of the relationship between content and form of works. And it can absorb and melt the strengths of predecessors and form its own special style. Influenced by Du Fu and Han Yu, Du Mu's ancient poems have a wide range of themes and strong brushwork. Du Mu's modern poems are famous for their beautiful words and ups and downs.
Du Mu's quatrains are unique in art because of their beautiful pictures, beautiful language, long feelings and melodious style.
The most important feature of Du Mufa is heroic and heroic. On the dharma body, he pretended to be clumsy or ancient, showing a bold and vigorous momentum, thus enhancing the artistic conception of bold and unrestrained.
summary
Regarding the artistic style of Du Mu's poems, Liu Xizai has a summary: "Du Fanchuan's poems are heroic." Compared with the style of Li Shangyin's poems, Liu's so-called "heroic spirit" means that Du Mu's poems show the poet's great ambition to save the country and the people in content, pay attention to heroism and emotional catharsis in artistic form, and have a heroic spirit.