Tianjin Sha Qiu Si
Ma Zhiyuan
Old vines are faint crows, small bridges are flowing, and old roads are thin horses. When the sun sets, heartbroken people are at the end of the world.
From a distance, crows at dusk are looking for old vines to inhabit, but when they look closely, there are people living beside the small bridge and flowing water. In front of them, there is only a thin horse carrying a wandering wanderer, walking slowly on the ancient autumn wind road. Looking at the afterglow of the sunset, the broken-hearted people wandering outside are wandering around the world.
Appreciate:
This poem has only five sentences and 28 words, and the language is extremely concise but huge. With a few strokes, I drew a homesick picture of a wandering wanderer, which vividly conveyed the voice of a wandering wanderer.
This picture consists of two parts:
First, carefully selected groups of scenery that can represent Xiao Qiu form a twilight autumn wild map;
Second, describe a wanderer walking alone in the cold autumn, with endless pain in his heart.
The first painting is *** 18 with nine nouns, without empty word, which is natural and fluent, with rich connotations. With his skillful artistic skills, the author bathed nine different landscapes in the afterglow of the sunset, presented them to us in a "montage" brushwork like a focal plane, and brought the readers into the late autumn season at once: several dead vines were wrapped around several bald trees with yellow leaves. We can imagine that crows can still have old trees to return to, but wanderers are homeless. How miserable and helpless it is! Next is a small bridge, flowing water, and a small farmhouse with faint smoke. The rural scenery in which such people live is so quiet and sweet, comfortable and carefree. All this can't help but remind the wanderer of the bridges, flowing water and relatives in his hometown. Here, the sad feelings are written in the happy scene, which sets off the helpless sadness of the wandering wanderer.
In the second painting, we can see that in the bleak autumn wind, on the lonely ancient road, a wanderer suffering from homesickness rides a long-delayed thin horse and wanders into the distance in the heavy twilight. At this time, the sun sets, scattering a bleak oblique light. This is the reunion moment when birds return to their nests, cattle and sheep return home and people return home. However, the wanderer is still "the end of the world is reduced." At this moment, this situation, a wandering in a foreign country, in the face of such a bleak and desolate scene, how can it not be sad, heartbroken and heartbroken! The heart of a wandering wanderer drops blood in the autumn wind. ...
A very short ditty expresses its indescribable connotation, vividly depicts the sad inner world of a wanderer and gives people a shocking artistic feeling. Reading makes people feel bitter, and singing makes people feel more sad. People who watch this song without tears don't know what it means.
On the one hand, this poem has won such high praise because it depicts a wonderful late autumn evening scene and truly shows the loneliness and sadness in the world. Although depressed, it reflects the depressing atmosphere of the times at that time and has certain social significance. On the other hand, more importantly, it has high artistic achievements. The obvious features are:
1. Simple and profound interdependence
Song Yu, an ancient man, once described a beautiful woman's figure as "adding one point is too long and subtracting one point is too short". The refinement of the characters in Tianjingsha Qiu Si can also be said to have reached the point where one word cannot be added or subtracted. There are only five sentences and twenty-eight characters in the whole article. No exaggeration, no allusions. This vivid picture is outlined by pure line drawing: at dusk in late autumn, a travel-stained wanderer rides a thin horse and walks alone on the ancient road against the chilly west wind. He walked past an old tree covered with withered vines and saw crows hovering in the treetops at dusk. He crossed the small bridge across the stream and came to the doors of several families by the stream. At this time, the sun is about to set, but he hasn't found a place to stay. It will be a long night, and he can't help feeling sad and deeply sad. As for why the wanderer drifted here? Where on earth is he going? These meanings can be left to the reader to imagine. This poem is really a masterpiece with simple words and rich meanings, and less wins more. In the first three sentences and eighteen words of the poem, * * * wrote nine things: rattan, tree, crow, bridge, water, home, road, wind and horse. Every word, every word and every scene can be described as "cherishing ink as gold". However, brevity is not simple. Before the names of nine things, there are modifiers expressing their own characteristics, such as withered, old, faint, small, flowing, human, ancient, western and thin, which make all things have distinct personalities and make unrelated things form a unity in the desolate late autumn twilight. The author has no place to write these things, nor does he write about the relationship between these things and the activities of vagrants, but readers can imagine them and connect them closely. In simplicity, you can see depth and fineness.
2. Static and dynamic scenes set each other off.
The artistic effect of Tianjingsha Qiu Si is also due to the successful use of foil techniques. The author brings many relatively independent things into a picture at the same time, thus forming the mutual contrast between dynamic and static, bright and dark, background and subject: the "flowing water" in dynamic contrasts with the "small bridge" and "people" in static, showing a quiet environment; "West Wind" and "Ancient Road" set each other off to make the road more desolate; On the autumn scenery map sketched by the author, on the one hand, the dead vines, old trees and crows are gloomy in the autumn wind and small showers, and on the other hand, the afterglow of the sunset paints the dead vines, old trees and crows with a touch of gold; The "small bridge flowing water" presents an elegant and comfortable scene, which is in contrast with the wanderer who fell into a foreign land, making the "heartbroken person" more sad. Judging from the whole composition, the first four sentences are about scenery and the last one is about people. But people are the main body and scenery is the background of people's activities. When the background is written, the main body is set off. This is the wonderful use of mutual contrast.
3. Scenery and emotion blend together
Poetry expresses ambition. This poem aims to express the sorrow of the people who were born. But people's thoughts and feelings are abstract and difficult to express. The author uses the traditional writing method of attaching affection to things to portray this bitterness and sorrow incisively and vividly. Dead vines, old trees, faint crows, westerly winds, thin horses, sunset, tangible and sensible things all have obvious late autumn colors, which are similar to intangible and abstract bitterness. Only by seeing and touching can people feel concrete and vivid. Just like "Ask you how worried I can be?" ? Just like a river flowing eastward, "sorrow" has nothing to do with "water", but the author uses the river as a metaphor for sorrow, and the two are "like". It is very profound to express infinite sadness with the scenery of the river flowing eastward. Natural scenery originally had no thoughts and feelings, but when the poet incorporated these objective things into his aesthetic comprehension and feelings, they were endowed with emotional colors and merged with people's thoughts and feelings. "Little Bridge Running Water" is just a very common landscape, but when it is in the same picture with "Tianya heartbroken man", it is no longer an isolated scene, but the fuse of heartbroken people, which brings a sad atmosphere to the picture. The so-called "feelings are presented by scenes, and scenes are born by feelings" is the truth. "Tianjingsha Qiu Si" can be called a masterpiece with feelings in the scene, scenery in the feelings and a seamless scene.
Days net sand autumn
Bai Pu
The sunset in the lonely village, Western jackdaw in the west, an old tree smoking, and a little Fei Ying.
Green mountains and green waters, white grass, red leaves and yellow flowers.
[Notes]
1 sunset: sunset.
② Western Western jackdaw: Crows returning to the forest in cold weather.
[Appreciation]
Although it is similar to Ma Zhiyuan's Qiu Si, it also has its own characteristics. The first two sentences are based on Lonely Village, deliberately rendering the cold silence of autumn dusk. "A Little Hong Fei" brought vitality to the cold static picture, which caused the emotional transfer of the song. Then the poet described the beautiful autumn scenery in five colors: blue, green, white, red and yellow, from far to near, from high to low, multi-level and multi-faceted, which made the whole picture full of poetry. This song is full of artistic tension. It successfully combines the bleak scenery of autumn with the bright and beautiful scenery, and takes the pleasing autumn scenery as the main theme of the song. It is another masterpiece of writing autumn.
Bai Pu took autumn scenery as the theme of this song, and it can be seen from its rhetoric that his literary accomplishment is extremely high. The whole work consists of some beautiful natural scenes, and Bai Pu himself, like an artist with these natural puzzles, pieced together a beautiful picture of life in harmony.
When writing autumn scenery, it is inevitable to set off a bleak atmosphere, but if the bleak atmosphere is the theme of the whole article, it will make readers feel bored and stressed. In order to avoid this situation, Bai Pu took great pains in choosing words. The first two sentences of "Lonely Village Sunset Red, Old Trees in West Western jackdaw" use six pictures of "Lonely Village", "Sunset", "Sunset", "Light Smoke", "Old Trees" and "West Western jackdaw", and any one of them represents the bleak atmosphere in autumn scenery in autumn. In order to enliven this bleak atmosphere, the author chose Flying in the Shadow as the end of the first half. As a result, the bleak picture turned to be active, and the lonely autumn scenery seemed to present another vivid life. Finally, in order to strengthen the beautiful and charming image of the author autumn scenery, he used "green mountains and green waters, white grass, red leaves and yellow flowers". "As Wen Qu's conclusion. These two sentences use five colors: green, white, red and yellow, and mix the three colors of white grass, red leaves and yellow flowers in the two colors of green mountains and green waters. "Green mountains and green waters" is a vast picture scroll, and "white grass, red leaves and yellow flowers" is a delicate picture scroll, so it is strewn at random, so autumn scenery, which was originally lonely and bleak, suddenly becomes colorful. Thus, Bai Pu's prose writing skills are brilliant.