Allusions contain many meanings and are used directly, but they have similar experiences or feelings, which can not only increase the connotation of the article, but also get a deeper understanding on the basis of the original text. Besides, at that time, the social form was chaotic, and many words could not be said, but we can use allusions to describe the present situation, without violating the interests of the contemporary ruling groups and being strangled by them. Citation is a common expression in ancient poetry, and its main feature is to express one's wishes or feelings with the help of some historical figures, myths and legends, fables, etc. If allusions are used properly, good rhetorical effects can be achieved. Elegant, interesting and subtle can make the language more concise, concise and far-reaching. Specifically, it has the following functions: 1. Judge history from ancient times and discuss the present. In some poems with the theme of lamenting history, ancient poets often express their unique views by quoting allusions about historical figures or stories. Du Mu, a red-walled man, grinded heavy sand and iron, but never sold it, so he washed it and recognized the former dynasty. If the east wind is not convenient for Zhou Yu, I'm afraid the outcome will be Cao Cao's victory and Er Qiao's detention in Tongquetai. The poet accidentally found a broken halberd buried in the bottom sand in Chibi, recalled the famous battle of Battle of Red Cliffs in the Three Kingdoms period, and put forward the political opinion that "there are some opportunities for heroes' achievements" from the analysis of the reasons for the victory or defeat of the war, which was profound and incisive. 2. In view of some disadvantages in society, when the ancient poets were unable to speak freely due to the restrictions of the surrounding environment, they often quoted allusions to allude to current events, so as to achieve the expression effect of satirizing the present by borrowing the past. Park Qin Zhun Du Mu smoke cage stuffed with water and moon sand, night park near Qinhuai restaurant. Businessmen don't know how to hate their country, but they still sing "backyard flowers" across the river. The poem "backyard flowers" is an allusion, and this song is the voice of national subjugation. Our analysis can be related to the social background. In the late Tang Dynasty, when the national fortune declined, these rulers did not pay attention to state affairs, but gathered in restaurants to enjoy decadent music. How can they not let the poet worry that history will repeat itself? So ... here, the poet is using the topic, seemingly satirizing the singer, but actually pointing the finger at the top. Second, lyrical expression can be seen. The essential feature of emotional poetry lies in lyricism, but sometimes the poet's feelings are not directly revealed, but expressed tactfully and implicitly with the help of allusions. Judging from the types of expressing emotions, they can usually be divided into the following situations: 1. Express praise and praise for beautiful things. Li He, the satrap of Yanmen, crushed the city with dark clouds, and the light spread to the sun. In autumn, the loud bugle sounded; The soldier's blood became dark in the night. The red flag rolled half, and the reinforcements rushed to Xiao; The night frost is heavy and the drums are gloomy. I want to report to you on the golden platform, and I want to take Yulong to your death. The word "Yishui" in the poem is reminiscent of Song of Yishui written by Jing Ke, an assassin in the Warring States Period. According to legend, Huang Jintai was built by Yan Zhaowang during the Warring States Period, and his daughter was put on the stage to entertain wizards all over the world. Quoting these two allusions is a tribute to the emperor's trust in reusing soldiers and his spirit of fighting bloody battles. 2. Express positive and optimistic attitude towards life. It's hard to go to Li Bai's gold fight for ten thousand yuan, and the jade plate is worth ten thousand yuan. I threw the food bar and cup aside. I couldn't eat or drink. I pulled out my dagger. I peeped in four directions in vain. If you want to cross the Yellow River and block the Sichuan River, you must climb the snow-capped mountains. I haven't been fishing in Bixi for a long time, and suddenly I returned to the boat and dreamed of the sun. Travel is hard. Travel is hard. Don't go astray! Where to go today. One day, I will ride the wind and waves, raise the Yun Fan and cross the sea. "I will sit on the fishing rod and lie lazily by the stream, but I suddenly dream of sailing a boat to the sun", which is related to two allusions: Jiang Taigong once fished in a stream near Weihe River and met Zhou Wenwang. Help Zhou destroy the business; Yi Yin once dreamed that he passed by the sun and the moon by boat, and was later hired by Shang Tang to help businessmen out in the summer. The two ancients began to lose their political ambitions. But in the end he became a famous figure in history. The poet quoted this allusion, implying that he would also have the opportunity to display his ambition and show his beautiful vision for the future. 3. Express grief and lament for the hard-won ambition. The book roars the Great Wall, and the temple in the mirror has been pointed out first. When you start a business, you can say your real name, one thousand or who is equal. Here, two historical stories, Tan Daoji's self-comparison with the Great Wall and Zhuge Liang's dedication, are used to express the feeling that time has passed and ambition is hard to pay, and at the same time express the ideal of doing great things. Another example is Su Shi's "Hunting in Jiangchengzi Mizhou", "When will Feng Tang be issued?" There is an allusion in the book. According to the biography of Han Feng Tang, Shang Wei served as the satrap in Yunzhong during the reign of Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty, and made meritorious service to Xiongnu, but he was convicted and dismissed for reporting six more heads when he made meritorious service. Later, Wendi adopted Feng Tang's suggestion and sent Feng Tang and Jeff to the cloud to pardon Shang Wei. Here, the poet used Shang Wei to describe the situation that his talents were not brought into play and his ambitions were difficult to realize, and expressed his lofty aspirations and lofty sentiments of serving the imperial court. Third, trigger association. In innovative artistic conception poems, allusions are quoted when describing realistic scenery. We can connect this scene with that scene at that time, so that we can create a new picture, deepen the artistic conception of the poem, promote people's association, and thus enhance the expressive force and appeal of the work. For example, a partridge in a warm play in Zheng Gu is covered with smoke and weeds, and the product flow should be close to pheasant. When it rains, the grass on the southeast lake of Dongting Lake passes through from Anil Kumar Bachu Lake; The petals of Huangling Temple fall and partridges sound. A wanderer smells wet sleeves, and a good man sings low eyebrows. Zheng Xiang corresponds to the width of Xiangjiang River, and Puzhucong goes further to the west. Facing the scene of "the rain is faint" and "the flowers are falling", the wanderer has felt sad and sad; However, the poet also used two allusions, "Caoqinghu" and "Huangling Temple", which can not help but remind people of historical legends such as Qu Zihuai Sha and ChristianRandPhillips Zhu Qi. This way. In the shuttle between time and space, I am even more sad to hear the cries of partridges. Another example is: breaking the array, forcing Chen Tongfu to be a gift. I was drunk watching the sword and dreamed of blowing back to the southern company. Eight hundred miles to divide the main fire, fifty strings to turn over the Great Wall, and the enemy is on the battlefield in autumn. Horses run like Ma Delu, bows and arrows fly like thunder. It is a good idea for the emperor to complete the great cause of recovering the lost land of the country and gain a good reputation from generation to generation. It's in vain. There are two allusions in the poems "Eight Hundred Li" and "Delu": First, according to Shi Shuo Xin Yu, Kai and Wang Ji made a bet on the "eight hundred Li refutation" of cattle. After Ji Wang won, he killed the cow and roasted it. Later generations referred to it as 800 Li. Second, it is said that the deer and horse that Liu Bei once rode jumped off the Tanxi River in the west of Xiangyang City and was out of danger. Using these two allusions, readers can't help but see the spectacular scene of rewarding soldiers before the war broke out and the fierce scene of fighter planes flying over enemy lines on the battlefield, which is very penetrating. Fourth, be concise. As we know, ancient poetry is often limited by the number of words and sentences. How to express rich connotations in a limited space is a good means. Because allusions are highly generalizations of historical stories, they can not only increase the capacity of poetry, but also receive artistic effects with simple words and rich meanings. Jinling Post Wen Tianxiang grass leaves the palace and turns to the morning glow. What does the lonely cloud depend on? The mountains and rivers are the same, but the people in the city are different. Reed flowers on the ground grow old with me, and swallows in my hometown will fly? From now on, I will leave Jiangnan Road and become a crow with blood. This is a poem expressing patriotic feelings. There are many allusions in the poem: couplets use the allusions of "crying in the new pavilion". There is a cloud in the original work: "Different scenery, different mountains and rivers." Later generations expressed their nostalgia for the old country with "Crying for the New Pavilion". Used here to write that the mountains and rivers have not changed, and the scenery remains the same; The first sentence of the necklace couplet quotes the word "reed autumn" in "Old fort full of old autumn reeds" in Liu Yuxi's "Thoughts on the West Fort". In Liu Shi's poems, the white flower of reed symbolizes the end of the royal family. Here the author writes that he will be as blowing in the wind as a reed flower in autumn. The whole sentence expresses the country's decline and grief. The second sentence in the necklace "Swallow in my hometown" is a quote from Liu Shi's "Wuyi Lane" that "Xie Tang, the old king, died in front of a swallow and flew in an ordinary family". Where did the old swallow fly now? The poet who flew to the home of invaders all over the world used this allusion to express his grief over the occupation of the country. The couplet used the allusion that Wang Di became a cuckoo after his death, indicating that although the poet was forced to leave his hometown and had no hope of survival, a loyal soul finally came to the south. Rich allusions, the poet's patriotism, patriotism, rendering incisively and vividly, touching. Another example is Liu Yuxi's "Pay Letian to Meet for the First Time in Yangzhou", in which "homesickness is pervasive. I went to my hometown and felt like a rotten ke. " Here are two allusions to express my feelings of returning after being demoted for more than 20 years. "Wendy Fu" implied dissatisfaction with the persecution of the old friend by the rulers at that time, and expressed deep nostalgia for the old friend. It is implied that he has been relegated by "rotten ke" for too long, and this time he came back as if it was a lifetime ago, and he felt completely different in personnel. This is no longer the past. Just fourteen words, expressing such complicated feelings. Isn't this the charm of allusion? At the same time, we can also see that the allusion also makes the poetry antithesis neat, harmonious in rhyme and rigorous in structure. While increasing the connotation of poetry, it also increases the appearance beauty of poetry. Of course, in many cases, the role of poetry allusions is multifaceted, which combines expression and emotion, as well as implication and elegance. When reading a poem, only by understanding the new meaning expressed after using the allusion and realizing its expressive function can we appreciate the work comprehensively and accurately. Usually we can sort out some common allusions, such as farewell allusions and seclusion allusions. -
Source: Chinese reading in middle school
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