Appreciation of ancient poetry is one of the contents of appreciation of literary works. It is the embodiment of the new curriculum concept and has become a common question type in the high school entrance examination. The general characteristics of this type of question are: first, the selected ancient poems are mainly those learned in textbooks, focusing on farewell poems and epic poems with seven character quatrains; second, the content tested is mostly common sense memory and content perception. Do some understanding and analysis on emotional grasp, skill analysis, language taste, etc.; third, the question types are mostly multiple-choice questions, and many have begun to shift from objective questions to subjective questions, with some more open questions that encourage innovation and promote individuality. When reviewing Effective training should be strengthened.
(1) Appreciating words
1. Verbs: When appreciating poetry, we should focus on verbs, especially verbs with multiple meanings. Example: Feeling the flowers splashing with tears, hating the other birds and frightening them. The words "splash" and "shock" are not only fresh in their use, but also add to the poet's inner pain of hating others.
2. Modifiers: Most of them are adjectives, which are also the focus of attention in poetry appreciation. Example: Far above the Yellow River, among the white clouds, there is an isolated city called Wanren Mountain. A solitary word describes the loneliness of the environment and can reach people's hearts.
3. Special words: In poetry, there are some words that are unique in themselves, and readers can quickly find them:
(1) Repeated words: Repeated words have no other function. Two types: to enhance the rhythm of the language or to emphasize.
The willows are green and the Qingjiang River is level, and I can hear the singing on the Langjiang River. ("One" Liu Yuxi)
(2) Words expressing color: Color generally expresses mood, enhances the sense of color and picture of description, and exaggerates the atmosphere. When appreciating, you may grasp the words that express the combination of colors and appreciate the rich painting quality and distinct rhythm of the poem: two orioles singing green willows, a line of egrets ascending the blue sky, four colors of yellow, emerald, white and green, dotted at random It is coherent, and extends from point to line towards infinite space. The picture is still and dynamic, and is full of distinct three-dimensional rhythm.
(3) Function words: In classical poetry, when the function words are tempered just right, aesthetic effects such as smoothing the literary style, echoing the opening and closing, melodious and melodious, enlivening the charm, and turning rigidity into flow can be obtained.
(2) Appreciating thoughts and emotions
Common thoughts and emotions in ancient poetry include:
When worrying about the country: such as exposing the ruler’s ignorance and decadence; Reflecting the pain of chaos; sympathizing with the sufferings of the people; and worrying about the future and destiny of the country.
To serve the country through meritorious service: such as the desire to make meritorious deeds; the determination to defend the country; the sadness of being unable to serve the country; the pain of losing mountains and rivers; the lament that years are passing and ambitions are hard to achieve; exposing the rulers' militarism; the failure of ideals. Known sadness.
Homesickness and nostalgia for loved ones: homesickness and longing for loved ones; homesickness for relatives and friends; homesickness for borders; homesickness for loved ones in the boudoir.
Miscellaneous feelings about life: nostalgia for landscapes and pastoral leisure; emotions about the victory of the past and the decline of the present; feelings of using the past to satirize the present; sadness of the perishable youth; depression of frustrated career; joy of consoling one's life.
(3) Appreciation of expression skills
1. Expression methods: Poetry mainly uses four expression methods: narrative, description, discussion, and lyricism. Among them, description and lyricism are the focus of examination. . The description methods include the combination of dynamic and static, the combination of virtual and real; the lyrical methods mainly include direct expression and indirect expression. Specifically, they are to express one's feelings directly, to express one's feelings through scenes, to embody feelings in scenes, to blend scenes, to create scenes, and to express emotions due to scenes. , use scenery to set off feelings, blend feelings into scenery, all scenery language is love language, etc.
2. Structural form: The structural form of poetry, common beginning and end echoes, straight to the point, in-depth layer by layer, summarizing first and then dividing, scene first and then emotion, final chapter showing ambition, transition, foreshadowing, foreshadowing, etc.
3. Rhetorical techniques: metaphor, metonymy, exaggeration, intertextuality, synesthesia, pun, foil, contrast, irony, repetition, etc.
4. Techniques of expression: borrowing scenes to express emotions, blending scenes, supporting objects to express ambitions, borrowing the past to express feelings, borrowing the past to satirize the present, using allusions, foreshadowing, symbolizing, contrasting, setting off, expressing desires before suppressing them, and taking the lead before others. , see the big from the small, combine movement and stillness, use movement to describe stillness, complement each other with reality (when creating a character image, it is called a combination of frontal description and side description), Bixing (indirectly lyrical poetry), express one's heart (directly lyrical poetry), etc. .