China recited 100 common sense ballads in ancient literature.
1. Pre-Qin literature
There are two sources of pre-Qin literature, realism and romanticism.
The Book of Songs is divided into 300 poems, which reflects the reality.
Remember Fu Bixing, Guan Yu, storytelling and Tan Fa.
Romanticism is Chu Ci, and Li Sao was written by Qu Yuan.
There are two schools of prose in the pre-Qin period, and all the "philosophers" and history books should be recorded.
Confucianism, Mohism and Taoism belong to hundred schools of thought, and each has its own works handed down from generation to generation;
The Confucian Analects of Mencius, Mohist Mozi can be seen;
Laozi and Zhuangzi of Taoism are masterpieces of legalist Han Fei.
There are two styles of historical prose, which are divided into "country" and "chronological";
The former is Mandarin and Warring States Policy, and the latter is Chunqiu and Zuozhuan.
2. Literature of Han, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties
During the Han, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the achievements of poetry were relatively high:
"Yuefu Double Walls" is praised by people, and Jian 'an literature promotes "Three Caos"; ③
The ancestor of pastoral is Tao Qian, and the legacy of "picking chrysanthemums" can be seen in moral integrity.
Historical Records is the first biographical style, which is called "Li Sao has no rhyme";
Ban Gu inherited Sima Yi (4) and the chronological innovation of Hanshu;
Jia's essay "On Qin" is full of momentum;
"Be a Teacher" is famous for later generations, and "Peach Blossom Garden" is enjoyable.
Ci and Fu are prevalent, and Zhang Heng's The Second Beijing seems to be near misses.
Literary criticism is also on the rise, and Wen Xin Diao Long is really superb.
Parallel prose pursues formal beauty, and the novel is still rough at first.
3. Literature of Tang Dynasty
The prosperous Tang Dynasty is as tired as a mountain, and the "four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty" are extraordinary;
Wang Yang and Luo Lu wrote metrical poems and memorized all the metrical poems and quatrains.
The romantic poet pushed Li Bai and sang "Difficult Road to Shu" all the way.
Realism is Du Fu, while Three Officials and Three Farewells are unusual.
Lotte advocates new Yuefu, and Pipa Xing and Song of Eternal Sorrow are all famous.
Pastoral school has Wang Meng, Gao and Cen singing poems.
In the middle Tang Dynasty, Li He "negotiated" with Duo and Jia Dao and passed them down from generation to generation.
The rise of "Little Du Li" in the late Tang Dynasty ⑤; Since then, it has settled like dust.
Liu Han's ancient prose is innovative, and Epang Palace Fu has been sung for thousands of years.
The legend of the Tang Dynasty has matured, and the representative work is Liu Yichuan.
4. Literature of Song Dynasty
There are a vast number of literary words in Song Dynasty, which can be divided into graceful and unconstrained.
Liu Guan and Li Qingzhao are romantic and affectionate.
Su Shi opened the bold school, and The River of No Return was full of high spirits.
Xin Qiji, a patriotic poet, is in high spirits.
Wang Zeng and Ouyang Xiu inherited the articles of Han and Liu;
Although Gong Fan's works are few, the story of Yueyang Tower shines brilliantly.
Lu Fangweng, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, still misses the idea of returning home in Shizi.
Who hasn't died since ancient times? Future generations cherish the memory of Wen Tianxiang.
General History Chronicle I, Zi Tongzhi Jane, Sima Guang.
Shen Kuo, the author of Meng Qian's pen talk, is very famous.
5. Yuan, Ming and Qing literature
There are two kinds of Sanqu in Yuan Dynasty, poems and collections are different.
Zaju represents the four great masters, with Guan Hanqing as the first;
Dou E's tragedy has been passed down through the ages, and the characters are the most vivid.
The other three are Zheng Mabai, and The West Chamber has a good reputation.
There are many outstanding plays in Ming and Qing Dynasties, such as Peach Blossom Fan and Peony Pavilion.
Novels are all chapters and chapters, and The Four Classic Novels are the peak.
Scholars will never forget how popular Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio is.
There is also a collection of short stories, Sanyan edited by Feng Menglong.
Fang Bao started Yao Nai, and his prose genre is called Tongcheng School.
Gong Zizhen, a famous poet in the late Qing Dynasty, advised God.
2. Seeking information "Literature common sense memory (including memory formula). "Doctor, please great gods.
1. Commonly used metonymic words: 1, mulberry: hometown 2, peach and plum: student 3, country, Xuanyuan: country 4, Nanguan: prisoner 5, classmate: classmate 6, beacon smoke: war 7, female 8, bamboo: music 9, male 65438. History: Chronicle 13, husband and wife 14, Ding Bai, Buyi people 15, yellow hair: old man 16, mulberry mother: farming 17, support, overlooking: children/kloc.
3. Father and son poets: Su Xun (Lao Su), Su Shi (Da Su) and Su Zhe (Xiao Su). 4. Bold poets: Su Shi and Xin Qiji, also known as "Su Xin"; Graceful lyricist: Li Qingzhao (poetess) 5. Du Li: Li Bai and Du Fu.
Xiao: Li Shangyin and Du Mu. 6. Qu Yuan: the earliest great poet in China. He initiated the new poetic style of "Chu Ci" and the romantic style of China's poetry.
7. Confucius, named Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period. He is the founder of Confucianism, known as "Confucius Sage" and Mencius as "Yasheng", both of whom are called "Confucius and Mencius". 8. Su Shi praised Wang Wei for "painting in poetry and poetry in painting."
9. Du Fu was a great realistic poet in Tang Dynasty. His poems reflect the social reality extensively and profoundly, and are called "the history of poetry", so Du Fu is honored as a "poet saint". There are three famous officials: Tongguan officials, Shi Hao officials and Xin 'an officials. "Three Farewells": wedding farewell, farewell to the old and welcome the new, and homelessness. 10. China's first biographical general history is Historical Records (also known as Taishi Gongshu), written by Sima Qian of the Han Dynasty. Lu Xun called Historical Records "the swan song of historians", including: 12 biographies, 30, 70 and 650.
1 1, Four Histories: Historical Records, Han History, Later Han History, History of the Three Kingdoms. 12, four masters of the Yuan Dynasty: Guan Hanqing, Zheng Guangzu, Bai Pu and Ma Zhiyuan.
13, Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio is the first excellent collection of short stories in classical Chinese in China, written by Pu Songling, a famous novelist in Qing Dynasty. "Liaozhai" is the name of his library, "Zhi" is a narrative, and "Alien" is a strange thing.
14, four great calligraphers: Yan Zhenqing, Liu Gongquan, Ou Yangxun, Zhao Mengfu 15, 100 major schools in the warring States period and their representatives: Confucianism, Confucius, Mencius, Legalism, Han Feizi, Taoism, Zhuangzi, Li Ezi, Mohism, Mozi 16, and four great calligraphers in the Southern Song Dynasty. Wang Changling 18, Tang Zong: Emperor Taizong, Li Shimin, Song Zu, Song Taizu, Zhao Kuangyin, Qin Huang, Qin Shihuang, Ying Zheng, Hanwu, Emperor Liu Che 19, and the first pastoral poet in China was Tao Yuanming of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, who "fought five fights without breaking his waist". 20. Four misers in world literature: Grandet, Shylock, Overflow Higgins and Abalone.
2 1, a typical miser in China: Yan Jiansheng. Third, China literature is the best: the earliest collection of poems is The Book of Songs; The earliest patriotic poet was Qu Yuan; The earliest pastoral poet was Tao Yuanming of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. The earliest and most outstanding frontier poets were Gao Shi and Cen Can in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. The most outstanding uninhibited poet in ancient times was Su Shi in the Northern Song Dynasty. The most outstanding poetess in ancient times was Li Qingzhao in the Southern Song Dynasty. The most famous patriotic poet in ancient times was Xin Qiji in the Southern Song Dynasty. The greatest romantic poet in ancient times was Li Bai in the Tang Dynasty. The greatest realistic poet in ancient times was Du Fu in Tang Dynasty. The patriotic poet who wrote the most poems in ancient times was Lu You in the Southern Song Dynasty. The most famous novel in ancient times was The Journey to the West in Wu Cheng'en in the Ming Dynasty. The most famous historical novel in ancient times is The Romance of the Three Kingdoms by Luo Guanzhong in the early Ming Dynasty. The earliest novel of peasant uprising in ancient times was Shi Naian's Water Margin at the end of Yuan and the beginning of Ming Dynasty. The greatest realistic novel in ancient times was A Dream of Red Mansions by Cao Xueqin in Qing Dynasty. The most outstanding satirical novel in ancient times is Wu's Scholars in Qing Dynasty. The most outstanding collection of classical short stories in ancient China is Pu Songling's Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio in Qing Dynasty. The earliest recorded prose in ancient times was The Analects of Confucius. The earliest chronicle work in ancient times was Zuo Zhuan. The earliest biographical history in ancient times was Historical Records. The most outstanding inscription in ancient times was Liu Yuxi's Humble Room Inscription in Tang Dynasty. The greatest writer in modern times is Lu Xun; The most outstanding novel in modern times is Midnight by Mao Dun. The most influential collection of short stories in modern times is Lu Xun's Scream.
3. Memory method of literary common sense
First, threading method
Scattered literary common sense is like a big needle that is not properly worn. As long as there is a line running through it, these literary common sense are very systematic. This line can be time, space, style, content and so on. For example, to remember the history of China's ancient literature, we can use this line as a clue to string together the literary phenomena of various dynasties. Please look at the picture below.
Rhyme: The Book of Songs-Chu Ci-Yuefu Folk Songs-Tang Poetry-Song Ci-Yuanqu
Prose category: Shangshu-Pre-Qin Prose-Tao Yuanming Prose in Six Dynasties-Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties-Three Masters in the Third Year of Ming Dynasty (Song Lian, Liu Ji and Gao Qi)-Tang and Song Dynasties in the Middle of Ming Dynasty (Gui Youguang)-Gongan School in the Late Ming Dynasty (Sanyuan)-Tongcheng School in Qing Dynasty (Yao Nai, Fang Bao and Liu Dakui).
Whenever you want to recite literary common sense, you should first pull a long line and wear it one by one. If any needle (the works of writers of past dynasties) can't get through, we should stop and check carefully why. If you need makeup, you can continue to wear it, so that you can quickly check your memory at any time.
Second, the association method
Association is a psychological process from one thing to another. For example, when he misses Qu Yuan, Qu Yuan thinks of his own work Li Sao, and because Li Sao is the source of China's romantic literature, he thinks of the three great western romantics: Shelley, Hugo and Byron. In this way, you can systematically remember a lot of knowledge. Reciting it like this often is also conducive to the improvement of associative ability.
Third, many a mickle makes a mickle.
There are many contents of literary common sense, covering a wide range, and it is impossible to write them all down in a short time. According to psychology, memory consists of four links: memory, retention, recall and recognition. Problems in any link will affect the quality of memory. We can't remember it because it's not preserved enough. How can I raise it? There is a famous forgetting curve in psychology, which tells us that forgetting is faster in the first time after reciting, and then forgetting gradually slows down and stabilizes at a level, so we should review it in time after reciting. Many a mickle makes a mickle is actually a small cycle review method. Because we have to review constantly, the amount of new content will not be much. We can divide all the documents that need to be memorized into several parts and distribute them in different time periods. For example, we can remember the history of China literature for one or two months (we can remember one or two writers or several works every day according to the order of dynasties), remember the history of foreign literature for one month, and then conduct the second review for one month. In daily review, we should first recall the previous day's content, and then remember the new content.
Fourth, the formula method
When we recite poems, we usually have this experience: articles are recited slowly, and poems are much easier to recite because of their clear rhythm and harmonious rhythm. We can compile the literary common sense to be memorized into a "formula", pay attention to rhyme, and it should also be condensed literary common sense. If we remember two sentences, we should remember a lot of knowledge. In addition, in the formula, the works of writers that are easily confused are compiled into "fixed collocation". Please look at the following example:
It's not hard to remember common sense in literature. There are clever ways to help you remember it clearly. Let's talk about domestic and writers' works first.
Pre-Qin philosophers, Confucius, Mencius, Xun Qing. The Analects of Confucius and Mencius are listed as four books. Laozi and Zhuangzi are inaction, "morality" and "freedom". Qu ci, nine, nine, separation and heaven.
Jia Yi was the first person to write prose in Han Dynasty. Liu Xiang Sima, Zhan, Chu, Historical Records. Ban Gu's Hanshu dates back to the beginning.
Jian 'an in Wei and Jin Dynasties, leader of Three Cao. Father has Yuefu, tortoise, Artemisia and Guan. Cao Pi's criticism of Ge Yan and Dian Lun: It takes seven steps to build a child and five words to lay the foundation.
……
There are many works in The Complete Works of Lu Xun. There are three novels, wandering, shouting, old stories and new stories.
Middle school textbooks are included in Scream except Blessing. An essay, "Flowers in the Morning and Flowers in the Evening" and "Weeds" are slightly poetic. Essay 16, Hot Wind Grave, Gai Hua two episodes, just three leisure, two hearts, southern accent and northern tune, pseudo-free book, quasi-romance, three fears two episodes, literary lace.
……
These formulas are catchy to read and easier to remember.
4. Memorizing methods of classical Chinese in senior high school
1. Read. Be sure to read it smoothly before you start reciting. When you can't read well, your memory is poor.
2. Recite on the basis of understanding. Try to remember the meaning of classical Chinese after you understand it. Memory has little effect when you have a little knowledge.
3. Cultivate a sense of language in classical Chinese. We should learn to integrate into the language environment of classical Chinese and eliminate the strangeness and estrangement of classical Chinese. The more familiar things are, the easier it is to remember.
4. Learn to summarize the rules of using words in classical Chinese and carefully understand the sentence characteristics of classical Chinese. The use of words and sentences in classical Chinese has its own unique characteristics. These unique sentence patterns and ways of using words are often difficult to remember. Familiarity with these characteristics is of great help in memorizing classical Chinese.
6. If you can cultivate a strong interest in classical Chinese, you can get twice the result with half the effort.
In short, we can't expect to learn classical Chinese overnight, we can only master and summarize its characteristics slowly, and the effect may not be obvious at first. But if we can persist, many obstacles in memorizing classical Chinese will be eliminated and memory will become simple.