Author: Bai Juyi
Works: Pipa Preface
Content:
In the tenth year of Yuanhe, Yu moved to Sima, Jiujiang County. Next autumn, I will send a guest to Pukou, and I will hear those pipa players in the middle of the night. Listen to his voice, there is a clank of iron in Kyoto. I asked him if Ben Chang 'an advocated women and tried to learn pipa from Mu Cao. Old age is fading, and I am committed to being a wife. He ordered wine and played a few songs quickly; Quba Ran Min. I said that I was happy when I was young, but now I am drifting away and wandering between rivers and lakes. I have been an official for two years, and I feel very comfortable. I didn't feel the intention to move until the evening. Because of the long sentence, give me the song. Every 6 12 word is called pipaxing.
In the evening, I bid farewell to a guest on Xunyang River. Maple leaves and mature rushes rustle in autumn.
I, the host, have dismounted, my guest has boarded his boat, and we raise our cups, hoping to drink-but, alas, there is no music.
Although we drank a lot of wine, we were not happy. When we were leaving each other, the river mysteriously widened in the direction of the full moon.
We heard a sudden sound, a guitar crossed the water, the host forgot to go home and the guests left.
We followed the direction of the melody and asked the player's name, and the voice was interrupted ... and then she reluctantly answered.
We moved the boat closer to hers, invited her to join us, and summoned more wine and lanterns to start our party again.
However, before she came to us, we called a thousand times and urged her for a thousand times, but she still hid half of her face behind her guitar from us.
... she turned the tuning pin and tested several strings, and even before she played, we could feel her feelings.
Every string is a kind of meditation, and every note is a kind of deep thinking, as if she were telling us the pain of her life.
She frowned, bent her fingers, and then started her music, letting her heart share everything with us bit by bit.
She brushed the strings, slowly twisted, swept and plucked, first the air in the rainbow skirt, then the six small ones.
Big strings hum like rain, and small strings whisper like secrets.
Humming, whispering-and then mixing together, like pouring large and small pearls into a plate of jade.
Between Guan Ying's words, the bottom of the flower is slippery, so you can't swallow the spring scenery and flow under the ice.
The ice spring is cold and astringent, and the strings condense, and the condensation will never stop.
The depth of sadness and the hiding of sadness are more told in silence than in voice.
A silver vase suddenly burst, pouring out a stream of water, jumping out of the conflict and blow between armored horses and weapons.
Before she put down the pick, her stroke was over, and all four strings made a sound, just like tearing silk.
The east ship was silent, and the west ship was silent. We saw the white autumn moon entering the river.
She tied it thoughtfully on the rope, stood up and smoothed her clothes, serious and polite.
Tell us how she spent her girlhood in the capital and lived in her parents' house in Toad Hill.
She mastered the guitar at the age of thirteen, and her name ranked first in the list of musicians.
Song often impressed people, and her beauty envied all the leading dancers.
How did the aristocratic youths in Wuling compete generously? Countless red silks were given to a song.
And the blood color of the skirt was stained by wine, China.
Season after season, joy followed, and neither the autumn moon nor the spring breeze attracted her attention.
Until her brother went to war, and then her aunt died, and the night passed, and the night came, and her beauty disappeared.
There were fewer and fewer cars and horses in front of the door, and finally she married herself to a businessman.
Who, first of all, stole money, accidentally left her and went to Fuliang to buy tea a month ago.
And she has been taking care of an empty boat in the estuary. Around the cabin, the moon and the river are cold.
Sometimes in the middle of the night, she dreams of her victory and is awakened from her dream by her hot tears.
Her first guitar note made me sigh. Now, after listening to her story, I feel even sadder.
We were all unhappy until the end of the day, when we met. We understand. What is the relationship between acquaintances? .
A year ago, I left the capital and came here. Now I am a sick Jiujiang exile.
Jiujiang is so far away that I haven't heard music, neither strings nor bamboo sounds for a whole year.
My residence is near the town by the river, low and humid, and the house is surrounded by bitter reeds and yellow rushes.
What can you hear here in the morning and evening? ? The cuckoo's bleeding cry, the ape's sobbing.
I often pick up the wine and drink it alone in the morning of spring with flowers and the night of autumn with moonlight shining.
Of course, there are folk songs and bagpipes in the village, but they are rough and harsh, and they are harsh in my ears.
Tonight, when I heard you playing the guitar, I felt that my hearing was illuminated by wonderful music.
Don't leave us. Come, sit down. Play it for us again. I will write a Long song about guitar. ..
... she was moved by my words, stood there for a while, and then sat down to play her strings-they sounded even sadder.
Although the tune was different from what she had played before, all the listeners covered their faces.
But which of them cried the most? , this Jiujiang officer. My blue sleeves are wet.
Precautions:
Ganpukou: the place where water flows into the Yangtze River. Xunyang River: A section of the Yangtze River north of Jiuzhu City. Gathering, twisting, wiping and plucking are all fingering of playing the pipa. Nishang: short for colorful feather clothes; Sixth, the real name "Lu Yao", that is, musicians recorded the main points of songs into music, all of which were popular tunes in Beijing that year.
Brief analysis:
By writing about the misfortunes of Pipa girl's life, combined with the poet's own blow on her official career, she sang the voice of "We are both unhappy-we meet each other forever". We understand. What is the relationship between acquaintances? ”。 Social unrest, the indifference of the world, sympathy for the fate of the unfortunate, and feelings of frustration are all poured into the poem. Its artistic success also lies in the use of beautiful and distinctive language with musical sense, and the use of visual images to express the feelings gained by hearing; The natural scenery and parting of the bleak autumn wind make the work more touching.
Time: Tang and Five Dynasties
Author: Bai Juyi
Works: Selling Charcoal Weng
Content:
An old man selling charcoal cuts wood and burns charcoal in the mountains in the south all year round.
His face was covered with dust, which was the color of smoke burning, his temples were gray, and his ten fingers were burnt black.
What is the money for selling charcoal for? Buy clothes, buy food in your mouth.
Pity that he is wearing thin clothes, but he is worried that charcoal can't be sold, hoping it will be colder.
At night, it snowed a foot thick outside the city. Early in the morning, the old man drove a charcoal wheel to the market.
Cows are tired and people are hungry, but the sun has risen very high. They are resting in the mud outside the south gate of the market.
Who are the two riders? It was the eunuchs in the palace and eunuchs who did it.
The eunuch, with documents in his hand and the emperor's orders in his mouth, shouted at the petrified palace.
A load of charcoal, more than 1000 kilograms, eunuch attendants to drive away, the old man is helpless, but there is no way.
Half a horse's red yarn is a silk, which is a char value to the bull's head.
Time: Tang and Five Dynasties
Author: Bai Juyi
Works: Take charge of cutting wheat and be the magistrate of Zhouzhi County.
Content:
The Tian family has less leisure in the month, and people are twice as busy in May.
In the evening, the south wind rises and the wheat turns yellow.
The mother-in-law has plenty of food and clothing, and the children are full of paddles.
Go with Tian Xiang. Ding Zhuang is in Nangang.
Filled with the heat of the country, the back was scorched by the sun.
I don't know about the heat, but I regret the long summer.
There is another poor woman with her son in her arms.
Grab the ear with your right hand and hang the basket with your left arm.
Listening to his words of concern is very sad.
My family's taxes are gone, so I can take this to satisfy my hunger.
What are my advantages today? I have never been involved in farming and mulberry.
There are three hundred stones in the land, and there is surplus food at the age of eight.
I am ashamed to see this, and I can't forget it every day.
Time: Tang and Five Dynasties
Author: Bai Juyi
Works: Song of Eternal Sorrow
Content:
The emperor of China, eager to shake the beauty of an empire, has been in office for many years, searching and never finding it.
Until a child of the Yang family grew up in the inner room, almost before she grew up, and no one knew her.
However, due to the gift of heaven and no concealment, it was finally elected royal one day.
If she just turned her head and smiled, there were a hundred spells, and the powder and paint of six palaces disappeared without a trace.
It was early spring. They let her bathe in a pure pool to warm and smooth her creamy skin.
Because she was tired, a maid lifted her up, when the emperor noticed her for the first time and chose her as his bride.
On the night of spring, the warm hibiscus curtains covered her fluttering hair, petals on her cheeks and golden ripples on her head.
But the night in spring is short and the sun rises too fast. Since then, the emperor has given up his early hearing.
He wastes all his time on parties and revelry. He is the lover of spring and the tyrant of night.
There are other ladies in his court, 3,000 of whom are stunning beauties, but his love for 3,000 is concentrated on one person.
The golden house is dressed up to serve the night. When the table in the jade tower is cleaned, she will wander around and drink wine slowly.
Her sisters and brothers were both given titles, a poor portal.
When a girl is born instead of a boy, she brings happiness to every father and mother in the empire.
... high rose plum palace, into the blue clouds, and the wide breeze carries magical notes.
Soft songs and slow dances, strings and bamboo music, the emperor's eyes will never stare at her.
Until the sound of drums came from Yuyang, which shook the earth and broke the tune of rainbow skirts and feather clothes.
The Forbidden City, a nine-story palace, is hidden in the dust and travels southwest from thousands of chariots and horses.
The imperial flag opened the way, suddenly moving and stopping, 30 miles from the capital and passing the west gate.
People in the army stop, and no one will move until they are under their hooves. They may trample on those moths.
The gorgeous hairpin fell to the ground, and no one picked it up. A golden finch with green wings scratched his head.
The emperor couldn't save her, so he had to cover his face. Later, when he turned to look, there was blood and tears.
Hidden in the yellow dust blown by the cold wind, they crossed a cloud line at the crack in the path of the dagger tower.
Under Emei Mountain. The last few came, and the flags and banners lost their colors in the fading sun.
But the water in Shu is always green and the mountains are always blue, so your majesty's love is constant and deeper than the sky.
He gazed at the desolate moon from his temporary palace. It rained at night and the bell sounded heartbreaking.
On the same day, in last contact, the train was heading home. At this time, I hesitated to go.
The memory and pain are buried in the soil of Maweipo. Where is her white face? .
Rulers and lords, when their eyes met, cried on their coats. They rode horses, loosened the reins and slowly returned to the capital.
Pond, garden, palace, everything is the same as before, Taiye Lake hibiscus, Weiyang Palace willow.
But the petals are like her face, and the willow leaves are like her eyebrows. Whenever he looks at them, what can he do but cry? .
Peach and plum trees are in bloom. In the spring wind, after the autumn rain, the leaves fall to the ground.
The palaces in the west and south are scattered with evening grass, and the steps are piled with red leaves that are not swept.
Bai Fuxin, a disciple of Li Yuan, and eunuchs in her pepper yard. .
Fireflies were flying on the throne, and he was meditating in the twilight. , he will extend the wick to its end and still never fall asleep. ..
Bells and drums will slowly ring the long night, and before dawn, the Milky Way in the sky will become clear.
And the porcelain mandarin ducks on the roof grow thick morning frost, and the jade is cold, so who and who * * *.
The distance between life and death is year after year, but no beloved soul has visited his dream.
There lived a Taoist priest in Lingqiong. He was a guest in the sky and could summon the gods through his concentration.
People were moved by the emperor's constant meditation, and they begged the Taoist priest to see if he could find her.
He opened a path in space, like lightning, cut through the sky, up and down, looking for it everywhere.
Above, he looked for the green void, below, the yellow spring, but he didn't find the one he was looking for in two places.
Then he heard a story about a magical island at sea, which is part of the invisible world.
There are pavilions in the five-color sky, and exquisite immortals walk back and forth.
And one of them, they call it forever true, has a face like her snow and flowers.
Jin Que knocked on the jade fan in the west wing and asked a young girl named Baoyu, telling her both.
This lady, after hearing the news of Emperor China's envoy, woke up from her dream in her canopy.
She pushed open the pillow, got dressed, shook off her drowsiness, opened the pearly curtain, and then opened the silver screen.
Ji Yun is half asleep, and her flowered hat is loose when she walks along the balcony.
A breeze blew her cloak and fluttered with her movements, as if she were dancing with a rainbow skirt and feather coat.
Tears rolled down her sad and pale face, just like the spring rain on pear flowers.
But when she asked him to thank her monarch, her eyes shone with love. Since they separated, her form and voice were unfamiliar to her.
Because happiness ends in the courtyard of the sun, the moon and dawn become long in the palace of Xianshan.
But when she turned to look down at the earth and tried to see the capital, there was only fog and dust.
So she took out the keepsake he gave, and gave him a shell box and a gold hairpin through his messenger.
However, one branch of the hairpin and one side of the box were kept, and the gold of the hairpin and the shell of the box were broken.
"Our souls belong to each other," she said, "just like this gold and this shell." Somewhere, at some time, on earth or in heaven, we will be together.
She sent him a message through his messenger, reminding him that only the hearts of the two of them knew the oath.
On the seventh day of July, in the Palace of Eternal Life, we secretly told each other in the quiet midnight world.
We hope to fly in heaven, two birds become one and grow on the earth, two branches of a tree. ..
The earth endures, and the sky endures; One day both will end, and this endless sadness will last forever.
Precautions:
Golden House: A gorgeous house built for a beloved woman. Li: That's Mount Li. In Lintong, Shaanxi, there is Huaqing Palace for Xuanzong's amusement, including Huaqingchi Hot Spring. Jiange: It is located in the north of Jiange County, Sichuan Province, also known as Jianmenguan. Ma Yipo: In the west of Xingping County, Shaanxi Province today, Yang Guifei hanged herself here. Exactly: Yang Guifei is the name of a female Taoist. Xiaoyu, the legendary maid of the Western Empress Dowager, here refers to the fairy who accompanied Yang Guifei.
Brief analysis:
This poem is about the love story between Tang and Yang Guifei. Only the first sentence is about the Han Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty, and other place names and names are true. This poem was written in the winter of the sixth year of Zongyuan (806). The poet was the magistrate of Wu (now Zhouzhi, Shaanxi). He once visited this temple with Chen Hong and Wang Zhi. At the suggestion of the king, he asked Chen Hong to write a love story about Xuanzong and his favorite concubine, which was circulated among the people at that time. Chen wrote this poem "The Song of Eternal Sorrow" in vain. Poetry begins with comedy and turns into tragedy. Although the author's original intention is to "punish the stunner", it has become an ode to love. The most successful part of this narrative poem is lyricism. The complicated plot can only explain the past in a few simple sentences, but it focuses on the rendering of feelings, carefully writing the deep love between Tang and Yang Guifei and the feelings of both sides after the death of the imperial concubine. Many famous sentences are touching and have been told by people for thousands of years. The dramatic and mythical description and strong romanticism in the poem are also the reasons for its strong artistic charm.
Time: Southern and Northern Dynasties
Author: Northern Dynasty folk songs
Works: Mulan Ci
Content:
Chatting, Mulan is knitting at home.
I don't smell the loom, only the woman's sigh.
Ask a woman what she thinks and what she remembers.
Women have nothing to think about, and women have nothing to remember.
Seeing the military post last night, Khan sent more soldiers.
The art of war consists of twelve volumes, which contain the names of lords.
Grandpa has no eldest son, Mulan has no eldest brother,
I am willing to be a pommel horse in the city and sign for you from now on.
Buy horses in the east market and saddles in the west market.
Buy halters in the south and whips in the north.
Say goodbye to parents and stay by the Yellow River at dusk.
I didn't hear my parents calling for a female voice, but I heard the Yellow River splashing.
Say goodbye to the Yellow River and go to Montenegro at dusk.
I can't hear my parents calling for a female voice, but I hear Yanshan Hu riding a horse.
Wan Li to Rongji, the mountain is flying.
The breath of the new moon is golden, and the cold light is iron.
The general died in battle, and the strong man returned in ten years.
See you later, the son of heaven is sitting in the hall.
Policy 12 turn, before reward 100.
Khan asked him what he wanted, and Mulan didn't need Shang Shulang.
I am willing to send my son back to his hometown.
When parents heard that their daughter was coming, they went out to help Guo.
Sister-in-law heard that her sister-in-law was coming to take care of her red makeup.
When I heard my sister coming, I sharpened my knife at pigs and sheep.
Open my East Pavilion door and sit on my West Pavilion bed.
Take off my wartime robe and put on my old clothes.
When the window is decorated with clouds, the mirror is yellow.
When you go out to meet your fire companions, they are all surprised and busy.
After traveling together for twelve years, I didn't know Mulan was a girl.
The male rabbit's feet are confused and the female rabbit's eyes are blurred.
When two rabbits walk together, Ann can tell whether I am a male or a female.