1. Stress: In poetry, the first word of each sentence is usually stressed. Such as "dead vines", "empty old trees", "small bridges" and "flowing water". This kind of emphasis is very common in Yuan Qu, which helps to emphasize and highlight the important elements in the poem.
2. Stop connecting: In the poem, we can see some obvious pauses and connections. For example, the word "empty" in "The Old Tree with Empty Vines Twitters" appears repeatedly in three different places. This way of pausing and connecting helps to create a lonely and desolate atmosphere.
3. Extension: In poetry, some words have obvious extension. For example, the extended ways of "withered vine ~ old tree ~ faint crow", "small bridge ~ flowing water ~ people", "ancient road ~ west wind ~ thin horse" and "sunset ~ west setting, heartbroken people ~ Tianya" endow the poetry with melodious, sad and homesick charm.
Generally speaking, Ma Zhiyuan, a poet, successfully conveyed his sadness about autumn and homesickness by dealing with stress, pause and prolongation, which showed his talent as a poet.