Thoughts in the dead of night
? Tang Dynasty: Li Bai
The foot of my bed is shining so brightly. Is there frost already?
I looked up at the moon and looked down, feeling nostalgic.
The bright moonlight sprinkled on enough paper, as if the ground was frosted.
I couldn't help looking up at the bright moon in the sky outside the window that day, and I couldn't help but bow my head and think of my hometown in the distance.
Thinking about the exam in a quiet night: an idea that comes into being in a quiet night.
Bed: There are five sayings today.
One refers to the well platform. Some scholars have written an article to verify. Shi Cheng, director of China Educators Association, published the research results in a paper and created a poetic map with friends.
Finger well site. According to archaeological findings, the earliest well in China was a wooden well. The ancient well site was several meters high, and the wellhead was enclosed in the shape of a box to prevent people from falling into the well. The box is shaped like four walls and an old bed. Therefore, the ancient mine field is also called the silver bed, which means that there is a relationship between the well and the bed, and the relationship occurs because they are similar in shape and function. In the ancient Jingtian system, there was a special word to refer to it, and that was the word "Korea". Shuowen interprets "Han" as "Yuan Jing Ye", which means shaft lining.
Three "beds" are the general term for "windows". The "bed" in this poem is the focus of debate and disagreement. We can do some basic reasoning. The writing background of this poem is a moonlit night, probably around the full moon. The author saw the moonlight, then the bright moon, which caused homesickness.
Since the author looked up and saw the bright moon, it was impossible for the author to be indoors. If he looks up casually indoors, he can't see the moon. Therefore, we conclude that' bed' is an outdoor thing, and it is difficult to verify what it is. In a sense, the' bed' may be a festival with a' window', and it is possible to see the moon in front of the window. However, referring to the Song version of' Looking Up at the Sky and Bright Moon', we can confirm that the author is talking about the outdoor moon. In terms of time and loyalty to the author's original intention, the Song version is more reliable than the Ming version.
Take the original meaning, that is, the appliance of sitting and lying. The Book of Songs, Four Cadres of Xiaoya, contains a "bed of sleep", and Yi Wang Pi Du Zhu also contains the theory of "those who live in peace", which is about paving the way.
Some people think that bed should be interpreted as Hu's bed. Hu bed, also known as "bed", "chair" and "rope bed". In ancient times, it was a portable seat that could be folded. Mazar-e functions like a small bench, but the surface on which people sit is not a board, but something like folding cloth, and the legs on both sides can be folded. Modern people are often mistaken for "Hu bed" or "bed" in ancient literature or poetry. At the latest in the Tang Dynasty, "bed" was still "Hu bed" (that is, mazha, a kind of seat).
Suspicion: It seems so.
Look up: Look up.
Li Bai's poem "Thinking about a Quiet Night" was written around September 15th of the lunar calendar in 726 AD (14th year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty). Li Bai was 26 years old and was writing at Yangzhou Guest House. His poem "Walking in the Autumn Night" should be a sequel to "Thinking about a Quiet Night" and was written in the same place.
? This poem is about the feeling of missing my hometown on a silent moonlit night.
The first two sentences of the poem are an illusion created by the poet in a specific foreign environment in an instant. A person who lives alone in a foreign country and is busy during the day can still dilute his sadness. However, in the dead of night, the waves of missing his hometown will inevitably surge in his heart. Not to mention on a moonlit night, not to mention on a frosty autumn night. "Could there have been frost?" The word "doubt" in the poem vividly expresses that the poet woke up from his sleep and mistook the Leng Yue in front of his bed for the thick frost on the ground. The word "frost" is better used, which not only describes the bright moonlight, but also expresses the cold of the season, and also sets off the loneliness and desolation of the poet wandering abroad.
On the other hand, the last two sentences of the poem deepen homesickness through the description of actions and ways. The word "hope" takes care of the word "doubt" in the previous sentence, which shows that the poet has changed from a daze to a sober one. He stared at the moon eagerly and couldn't help thinking that his hometown was under the bright moon at the moment. So naturally, I came to the conclusion that "I sank back and suddenly thought of home". The action of "bowing your head" depicts the poet completely lost in thought. And the word "miss" left a rich imagination space for readers: the old brothers, relatives and friends in that hometown, the mountains and rivers, the grass and trees in that hometown, the lost years, the past … are all in my thoughts. A word "Xiang" contains too much content.
Amin Hu Yinglin said: "Taibai quatrains are all written in words. The so-called people who have no intention of working are unemployed. " Wang Shimao thinks: "(quatrains) Only Violet (Li Bai) and Long Biao (Wang Changling) were extremely ambitious in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Li is more natural, former residence. " What are "nature" and "unintentional work"? This song "Silent Night Thinking" is a sample list. Therefore, Hu specially put it forward and said it was "a wonder of ancient and modern times."
This little poem has neither strange and novel imagination nor exquisite and gorgeous rhetoric; It only describes the homesickness of distant guests in a narrative tone, but it is meaningful and intriguing, and has attracted readers so widely for thousands of years.
Strangers in a foreign country will probably feel this way: just one day, in the dead of night, homesickness will inevitably ripple in my heart; What's more, it's a moonlit night, what's more, it's an autumn night with a bright moon like frost!
The white frost on the moon is clear, which is the night scene of clear autumn; Describing moonlight with frost color is also common in classical poetry. For example, in the poem Xuanpu Liang Na written by Emperor Wen of Liang Jian and Xiao Gang, "jathyapple is like autumn frost". Zhang, a poet in the Tang Dynasty who was earlier than Li Bai, wrote a bright moonlight with "frost flowing in the air" in "Moonlight on a Spring River", which gave people a three-dimensional sense, especially a wonderful idea. However, these are all used as rhetorical devices in poetry. "Is there frost already?" This poem is narrative, not figurative words, but a temporary illusion of the poet in a specific environment. Why is there such an illusion? It is not difficult to imagine that these two sentences describe the situation that the guest can't sleep at night and has a short dream for the first time. At this time, the courtyard was lonely, and the bright moonlight hit the bed through the window, bringing a cold autumn chill. At first glance, the poet was in a blur and trance, and it really seemed that the ground was covered with frost; But a closer look, the surrounding environment told him that this is not a frost mark, but a moonlight. The moonlight inevitably attracted him to look up, and a round of Juan Juan Su Ling hung in front of the window. The space in autumn night is so bright and clean! At this time, he was fully awake.
The moon in autumn is especially bright, but it is very cold. For lonely and distant travelers, it is the easiest to touch their yearning for autumn, which makes people feel depressed and the years fly by. Staring at the moon is also the easiest way to make people daydream, think of everything in their hometown and their relatives at home. Thinking, thinking, head gradually lowered, completely immersed in meditation.
From "doubt" to "looking up" and from "looking up" to "bowing down", the poet's inner activities are vividly revealed, and a vivid picture of homesickness on a moonlit night is vividly outlined.
Just four poems, written fresh and simple, clear as words. Its content is simple, but it is also rich. This is easy to understand, but it is endless. The poet said nothing more than what he had already said. Its conception is meticulous and profound, but it is also blurted out without trace. From here, it is not difficult for readers to understand the wonderful scenery of "nature" and "no work and no heart" in Li Bai's quatrains.
Ming dynasty edition
This is a widely circulated version at present. Although this version may not be entirely the original work of Li Bai, and some words may be revised later, it has a high degree of circulation and has been included in various versions of Chinese textbooks.
Song dynasty edition
This version is obviously inconsistent with what people often say, "the bright line at the foot of my bed." Actually, it's not a mistake, just a different version. It is generally believed that this version is closer to Li Bai's original work than the Ming version, but some scholars still believe that there may be an earlier version. In the Collected Works of Li Taibai published in the Song Dynasty, Yuefu Poems edited by Guo Maoqian and 10,000 Tang Poems edited by Hong Mai, the first sentence of Silent Night Thinking is "Looking at the moon before the bed" and the third sentence is "Looking at the mountains and the moon". The classification and supplement of Xiao Dui's collections in Yuan Dynasty, as well as the Collection of Tang Poems in Ming Dynasty. Song people have always admired Tang poetry, and its collection and editing are very large. In addition, close to the Tang Dynasty, there were relatively few misinformation errors. Therefore, the collection of Silent Night Thoughts in Song Dynasty and even Yuan Dynasty should be reliable and accurate. In the authoritative version of The Whole Tang Poetry, which was personally examined and approved by Michelle Ye, the Qing emperor, it was not influenced by different versions of the previous generation, and no changes were made to this poem.
Before that, Thoughts on a Quiet Night had been introduced to Japan (Collected Works of Li Taibai (volume 12) is stored in the Jingjiatang Library of Japan). Because the Japanese admired Tang poetry, they didn't make any changes to it in the later circulation. However, the situation in China is different. In the Ming Dynasty, Zhao Huanguang edited and deleted Ten Thousand Poems from the Tang Dynasty, and changed the third sentence of Silent Night Thinking to "Looking up, I found it was moonlight", but the first sentence "Looking at moonlight before going to bed" remained unchanged. The first sentence of Shen Deqian's poems "Tang Poetry" and "Thinking about a Quiet Night" is "The foot of my bed is so bright", but the third sentence is "Looking at the mountains and the moon". It was not until 1763 (twenty-eight years of Qing Qianlong) that the Three Hundred Poems of Tang Dynasty compiled by the judges of Heng Tang Dynasty absorbed two changes, namely, Silent Night Thinking in the Ten Thousand Poems of Tang Dynasty and Tangshi Biecai in Kangxi period of Qing Dynasty. From then on, Silent Night Thinking has become a version that has been passed down to this day in China: "When I looked up at the bright line at the foot of the bed, I found it was moonlight, and then sank back, I suddenly thought of home." However, this is not the only version popular in the Qing Dynasty. Just 58 years before the publication of 300 Poems of Tang Dynasty, 1705 (forty-four years of Kangxi), Emperor Kangxi wrote Poems of Tang Dynasty: Thoughts on a Quiet Night, which was exactly the same as the Collected Works of Li Taibai published in the Song Dynasty. Looking at the mountains and the moon, then sinking back, suddenly thinking about my hometown ",and later the whole Tang poetry published by Zhonghua Book Company also followed this expression.
This expression was rewritten after the Ming Dynasty to popularize poetry. It is an indisputable fact that the revised version of Silent Night Thinking is more catchy than the original version, which also explains why the version of My Foot is so bright than the version of Watching Moonlight before Sleeping is more popular among Chinese people. Mr. Xue Tianwei, President of China Li Bai Research Association and Professor of Xinjiang Normal University, expressed the following views on the differences between the two versions in the article Man Shuo (Literature and History Knowledge, No.4, 1984): After careful appreciation, the first sentence, such as "Looking at the moon before going to bed", has a verb embedded in the middle, and its tone is slightly dull; Besides, "moonlight" is invisible, and it is not good to "look" on purpose. If you look at it on purpose, you won't mistake it for "frost". When we say "bright moonlight", it seems that the moonlight comes into our eyes inadvertently, and the next sentence evokes the word "doubt", which makes us feel natural; What's more, the word "Ming" also increases the bright color of the moonlit night. In the third sentence, "looking at the moon" is not only not limited by geographical environment, but also the word "mountain moon" is inevitably popular-in literati poetry, the moon is often divided into "mountain moon" and "sea moon", and "bright moon" is completely the moon in the eyes of ordinary people. The so-called "tampering theory" and "shanzhai theory" are really exaggerated. Some scholars believe that "there are at least 50 different versions of the four poems of Quiet Night Thinking, and it is difficult for you to know which one is closer to the original". The familiar version of' Looking up, I found it was moonlight' was made in the Ming Dynasty. ".When Mo Lifeng popularized Tang poetry in Lecture Room, he chose a well-known version. "The so-called" tampering "is not a person's arbitrary behavior, but a long-standing collective choice. The history of the spread of ancient poetry is also the process of readers' participation in creation. Everyone thinks it is more beautiful and catchy, and millions of readers have chosen this version. "Today's Thoughts on a Quiet Night is not just a Tang poem, but actually embodies the aesthetic creation of generations of 1300 years, which should be respected by future generations. In recent years, the controversy about versions stems from the lack of popularization of the common sense that there are many versions of Li Bai's poems. Therefore, some scholars say that China people lack knowledge of literature and history, so they should think deeply, realize the necessity of popularizing knowledge of literature and history, and have awe of the profound Chinese civilization of 5,000 years.