Hint: This paragraph expounds the important role of reason, material, emotion and talent, courage, knowledge and strength in poetry creation. Reason, matter and emotion are the basic forms of objective existence and the objects of poetry expression; Talent, courage, knowledge and strength are the internal elements of poetry to express reason, things and feelings.
The expression of objective things has been discussed in detail before. Although the creators have different talents, on the whole, they can expand and make up through the efforts of the day after tomorrow. Gifted people are full of talent, courage, knowledge and strength, so people call them geniuses, but they don't understand that geniuses can't be produced and expressed out of thin air. People say that a person with poor talent lacks intelligence and cannot be forced to engage in creation; But I don't know that knowledge is more important than natural intelligence. Knowledge is the subject and wisdom is the purpose. If you are short of talents, study and explore knowledge first. If a person has no knowledge in his heart, he will not know the truth, events and feelings even if they are all in front of him; You can't even tell right from wrong. How can you expect him to show your creative talent? The creation of the article is based on knowledge. In today's poetry world, people without knowledge can neither understand the creative theme of ancient poets nor reveal the internal elements of their own poems. Some people have also heard of ancient and modern poetry theories, such as the rise and fall of genres, phonology and so on. , but only learned some appearances; They often talk a lot, but they have many minds, low level and insufficient pen power. Even if the poems of past dynasties are displayed in front of us, how should we judge them? How to choose? When others say yes, they feel good; when others say no, they feel bad. This is not to say that others' opinions cannot be adopted; It means that those who can't have their own evaluation criteria often talk about right and wrong; How can we judge whether others' comments are correct or not? Some people say that poetry should learn from the Han and Wei Dynasties and the prosperous Tang Dynasty, and he also agrees that learning from the Han and Wei Dynasties and the prosperous Tang Dynasty will only blindly follow others; But he doesn't know, and he can't tell the reason why he wants to learn from the Han, Wei and Tang Dynasties. In this way, after all, people will not understand. Others said that poetry should be studied in the late Tang, Song and Yuan Dynasties, but he followed suit and thought it was correct. And the reason why he wants to learn the late Tang, Song and Yuan Dynasties is because he can't understand it after all. Then I heard that the poetry circle followed Liu Changqing, and I began to imitate Liu Suizhou (Liu Changqing is the secretariat of Suizhou) to write poems. Sometimes I heard that Lu You should be respected, so every book case has "Jian Nan Ji" (the name of Lu You's poem) as an out-of-print imitation poem, and I dare not imitate other poets any more. Such things can't be listed one by one, and most of them depend on the praise or criticism of others to dominate their own ideas and creations. What do you need?
Tip: this paragraph emphasizes that knowledge is far more important than intelligence for creation; Lack of knowledge can only lead to conformity and superficial imitation.
People who take creation as their own responsibility must have a unique vision. First of all, we should objectively and accurately evaluate the great poets of ancient and modern times, and then we can determine our own path of poetry creation. Confused when judging right or wrong, you will only blindly follow the trend and drift with the flow. Isn't it silly to always say what others say and write what others agree with? Some people don't realize their ignorance, and soon they will go to absurdity, and then from absurdity to complacency, and their ignorance will be more serious. The reason for this ignorance lies in the lack of knowledge, so it is impossible to distinguish right from wrong. This has caused a long list of graffiti works and a lot of groans. Is this a sign of cleverness? Still no reflection of intelligence? Only by increasing your own knowledge can you distinguish between good and bad, and by distinguishing between good and bad, you can determine your own creative standards; Such people will not only follow today's vulgar poetic style, but also blindly imitate the residual style of ancient poets; This does not mean to despise learning from the ancients. As long as the brilliant changes of reason, events and feelings between heaven and earth are freely expressed by the author with his own observation and imagination, vivid works will certainly be produced, which is the highest realm of poetry creation. I should have freely entered the best creative realm according to my creative theme and language expression. The ancients often said: "I don't hate that I don't see the ancients, and I hate that the ancients don't see me." He also said, "I don't hate that I don't have two kings (calligraphers Wang Xizhi and Wang Xianzhi in the Eastern Jin Dynasty). I hate that I don't have two kings." Although these words are only dedicated to calligraphy, they can show such confidence. For other more types of artistic creation rules, we can infer from this.
Tip: this section tells that knowledge comes from nature and self-experience; Its function is to distinguish right from wrong, locate accurately and express intelligence.
For example, a person who learns archery should give full play to his eyesight and arm strength, aim before shooting; If you train to hit the target, you don't have to imitate the ancients deliberately. The superb skills of ancient sharpshooters Hou Yi and Yang will naturally coincide with mine. I can do it now, and the ancients can do it before; I don't know whether I followed the ancients or the ancients followed me! Gao Shi once said, "Those who know the past are like me." Right? So our creation is as good as that of the ancients, which shows that the basic standards are the same. It can also be considered that I also have different characteristics from the ancients, so I can make up for the shortcomings of the ancients; Of course, the ancients can also make up for my shortcomings, and then I naturally communicate with the ancients and become bosom friends with each other. Only in this way can our creativity and language expression be naturally expressed from our personal knowledge. If you have clear insight, you will have great courage. In this way, you can express yourself freely. Can be buried, bow left and right, write straight and natural. Nothing can't be vividly expressed.
Hint: illustrate the relationship between knowledge and creative practice with examples; The relationship between knowledge and courage. Furthermore, from the comparison of ancient and modern times, it shows that knowledge comes from self-experience
Besides, people who have no knowledge in their chests will not get real gains even if they study hard every day. As the saying goes, this kind of person is called a "two-legged bookcase", with more and more backs and more participation. When the paper was spread out, they were full of thoughts and could not write. I have little knowledge and courage in my heart, but I can't say what I want to say, or I can say it but I dare not. I am cautious about shallow concepts and laws, for fear that I cannot agree with the ancients, and I am afraid that I will be regarded as a laughing stock today. Like a kannika nimtragol who just entered the door, shivering; Like a lame man climbing a mountain, he is afraid of falling at every step. Writing, which used to be a chic pleasure, now seems to be bound by hands and feet, and there are obstacles everywhere (for people with little knowledge). Some impetuous people will say that the works of the ancients were written in this way, and no one can master this technique except me; Those who are not confident also say that the works of the ancients are like this. Today, some people teach them this way, and I write according to this. Cunning people recognize it in their hearts, but don't pass it on to others; Stupid people, who don't understand the truth in their hearts, will only brag to others and think that their creations have a long history. Some people, when creating, have already finished their meaning, so they don't have to be wordy. They are just afraid that the paper is not full and fixed enough, so they try their best to expand the space and make it redundant. Some people should splash ink before making their meaning clear, but they are afraid of breaking through the previous standards and collecting their pens in a hurry, which has become an anticlimactic work again. The above-mentioned authors have no courage because of lack of knowledge; I dare not put pen to paper, nor can I create freely. These authors have to sum up the lessons that they are caught in the creative dilemma.
Tip: This paragraph emphasizes that without knowledge, there is no courage; Without knowledge and courage, creation will inevitably get into trouble.
Since ancient times, sages have emphasized that "those who achieve great things rely on courage." If you don't have courage, how can you achieve great things through the ages? So, I think, without courage, you will be timid and unable to let go of pen and ink. Since you lack courage, how can you show your intelligence? Courage can increase intelligence. People only know that intelligence is influenced by talent. How do you know that intelligence can only be exerted by courage? I see that the reason why the secular praises others' cleverness comes down to his ability to restrain his own cleverness and echo the statutes of creation. This understanding is the fundamental reason for not knowing how to grow wisdom. The so-called intelligence means being able to discover truth, things, feelings, social morality and rich creative statutes. If (someone's) intelligence must rely on self-restraint to conform to the basic norms, that is to say, it is impossible for (his) intelligence to conform to the basic norms before it is bound and standardized. The so-called wisdom, if it can't be expressed from the basic reason, things and feelings at all, is a statement that runs counter to reason and morality, and runs counter to real wisdom. Can you still call it intelligence? What others can't understand, I can understand with my cleverness; What others can't express, I showed it with my intelligence. Play a rich imagination and association, the universe can not be bound; Poetry created in this way can naturally reveal the truth, with accurate facts and profound feelings. This is called cleverness. If he wants to bind his mind and impose imitation, he is actually used to cutting off the wings of imagination to obey the statutes, but he just doesn't know what he is following. He will definitely say that he is following the unchanging statutes, which is actually just a superficial opinion that all secular people can agree with and worship. Why does he ask wisdom to converge? Therefore, writers can only master and use statutes by virtue of their own cleverness, and they can never be bound and driven by ready-made statutes, but they are still showing off their so-called cleverness. So I said: without intelligence, thoughts can't fly and sublimate; Or without unique ideas, intelligence cannot be expressed. The so-called rules are countless channels for creative thinking and imagination. Intelligence is the inner expression of the mind, while its outer expression is to create statutes and forms. A really smart person can deeply understand and independently imagine everything in the world; There is nothing in his creative language that cannot be fully expressed. Who can bind his thoughts and what can limit his language creation? Pursuing only external conventions and rules, blindly binding on the rigid conventions of specific things, will suppress thoughts and imagination. If the mind is not liberated, the intelligence will be greatly damaged.
Tip: pay attention to the relationship between knowledge and courage, knowledge and intelligence; And their influence on creation.
I visited the ancient gifted scholars and discussed their poetry creation. For example, Zuo Qiuming, Sima Qian, Jia Yi, Li Bai, Du Fu, Han Yu, Su Shi and others, all things in the world are constantly displayed in their works, and nothing can't be portrayed incisively and vividly. You don't have to inherit him from your predecessors, nor do you have to force them to imitate themselves from their successors. They fully enjoy the freedom and happiness of creation. Such a smart person must be supported by self-confidence and originality. With self-confidence and creativity, we can be strong and lasting, and such strength and persistence cannot be destroyed. Creation that remains immortal after thousands of generations depends on self-confidence and originality.
The ancients once said, "If you throw the ground, there must be Shisheng Jin." Few people in the Six Dynasties understood this truth. The reason why it is called stone is a metaphor for the original strength and durability. From here, we can see the writer's confidence and creation. The important role of self-confidence and originality (that's it), even a sentence written by yourself, once set up, can't be pushed down, can't be destroyed on the crossbar, can't be stopped when moving, and can't be shaken when staying. I ching said, "Be independent and don't be afraid". This can be used to comment on such people, and so will their works. For example, two people, both walking on the road, happened to meet a rugged mountain road. The weak among them, exhausted and frightened, want to stop, but they are not allowed to stop and can only move on. Therefore, every step should seek a point of dependence, so that we can rely on it. Sometimes I rely on others to push or pull, and sometimes I knock and probe repeatedly with something in my hand. Even if I can go forward and reach (the destination), I will never rely on my own strength, just a little better than a puppet being carried forward. Among them, people with strong self-confidence and originality are energetic and brave, and do not need any help from external forces, which is essentially different from the weak who rely on external forces to advance. This is the soul pulling the body, where you need to rely on external forces to move forward. Therefore, if you have confidence, you must have innovation, and if you have innovation, you must succeed.
So I think, a writer, without confidence and originality, can't have his own style. My family used to belong to my own territory. Everyone has his own family, which is built with his own confidence and originality. Why rely on or imitate others to build your own family? It's like stealing from your neighbor without looking for your own treasure; Even if you steal priceless jade, it is still a neighbor's treasure, not your own. People of insight see this just as a joke. Therefore, if it is your own, you must expand and become your own family. Isn't this something that can be done by personal confidence and creativity?
But self-confidence is different from originality, and the results are different. (So) I also observed that ancient gifted scholars were confident that they were good enough in a certain village, so they went to work in a certain village. Confidence is good enough for a country, so I manage the affairs of a country; Self-confidence is good enough for the world, so I am in charge of things in the world. If he is more confident and original, he will be confident enough to show ten generations, one hundred generations, and even eternity, then the great literary career he created will be famous for ten generations, one hundred generations, and even immortal; It will really fulfill his original confidence and creativity. Try to research the gifted scholars of past dynasties and compare their achievements one by one, just like their original self-confidence and originality. Look at modern writers again: their early works are not unpopular, and for a time young people praised each other, praised each other and regarded them as models; But when they died, their works disappeared and few people cared about them. Some writers still have readers behind their works, but they are gradually forgotten after being circulated. Some even attract criticism and sarcasm, causing constant trouble; What was praised in the past has become the object of reviling in the future, which is really embarrassing. Just like in the three hundred years of the Ming Dynasty, Wang Shizhen and Li Panlong were famous in Jiajing and Qin Long's literary circles, but they were not as famous as Gao Qi, Yankee, Changyu and Xu Ben in the early Ming Dynasty, and they have not been criticized so far. Zhong Xing and Tan corrected the disadvantages of the late Ming Dynasty, but they were not as good as Wang Shizhen and Li Panlong. This is the whole difference between their confidence and their original size. Throughout the hundred generations of poetry circles, since the Book of Songs, only Du Fu's poetic creativity can hang between heaven and earth forever like the Book of Songs. After Du Fu, poets of later generations could not avoid the situation of different opinions and disagreement. There are poets who can be handed down from generation to generation, but within a hundred generations, there are ups and downs. Some declined and then revived; Some used to be depressed but are now loved; It seems that the world is destined to do this. Some writers were not admired before they died, but suddenly they were admired after they died.
Just like Han Yu's prose, when he was alive, no one in the whole society appreciated and admired his prose; However, more than 200 years later, Ouyang Xiu strongly praised it, so everyone in the world unanimously took Han Yu's prose as the authentic paradigm, which is still respected today.
Tip: The above four paragraphs have repeatedly demonstrated and explained the important role and far-reaching influence of self-confidence and originality on artistic achievements.
The vitality of an article is indeed different in size and distance, and it fluctuates so differently with the changes of the times. If you want to achieve what a family says, you must definitely work hard for his self-confidence and originality! First of all, you must gain insight from your heart before you can turn it into external intelligence; Only those who have enough courage can display their talents; Only by relying on personal self-confidence and originality can we ensure that the artistic vitality created by talents can last forever. Knowledge, courage, self-confidence and originality can all be fully displayed; Only one or two of them, his intelligence can only be partially displayed. This kind of display can not be achieved immediately with reluctance or short-term efforts, but only in the process of natural self-experience. Throughout the ages, no one can surpass Dayu in self-confidence and originality; What a great cause Dayu is to pacify the world! Mencius thought that he had done a random thing, but he followed the law of natural flow and dredged the river. Is there any other way to control water? Is it necessary to change the law of water flow rigidly? If you don't follow the laws of nature, you will reluctantly do things according to your own subjective wishes. Dayu's skill will be remembered by history forever. Those who seek immortality through language creation can reach the same goal by different routes, though they dare not compare with Dayu's achievements. Don't think that poetry creation is just a small skill, so you lose your self-confidence and lead to your obscurity all your life!
As for talent, knowledge, courage and strength complement each other. Without one aspect, it is difficult to enter the literary world and make great achievements. There are no strict requirements for talent, knowledge, courage and strength, but the core is knowledge first. Without knowledge, talent, courage and strength will lose their support. Without knowledge and courage, it will become arrogance, recklessness and ignorance, and remarks that betray moral norms will be despised by the world. Wisdom without knowledge can speak freely and think quickly, but it will become a curse because right and wrong are indistinguishable and black and white are reversed. Without knowledge, but blindly confident and original, such absurd remarks are enough to mislead people and bring disaster to society, which is extremely harmful. If the above defects are expressed in the poetry circle, it will become a violation of the tradition of elegant poetry. Only knowledge can make people know how to inherit, carry forward and have a clear direction. On this basis, intelligence and courage will be fully developed because of self-confidence; Nothing that secular people oppose or agree with can shake my original creative ideas. How can you use other people's ideas as your own criteria for judging right and wrong? The joy and satisfaction caused by this self-confidence can only be expressed in poetry and prose!
Tip: The above two sections focus on the dialectical unity of talent, knowledge, courage and strength, and their natural understanding in application.
However, how can a person spend his whole life to acquire a truly extraordinary style? How easy is it to be truly visionary? The way to get it should be like the Book of Rites? As the university said, we should start with knowing things. When reading ancient poetry books, we should judge by reason, facts and feelings, so that we can infer the different expressions of various things in the front, back, left, right, middle and both sides, without any omissions, which is not conducive to our accurate understanding of things. If you use tactics as a metaphor for creation, you can be invincible and retreat without obstacles. If you give up your inherent talent, knowledge, courage and strength, and waste your time reciting ancient poems all day, it is only a way of plagiarism. I think I can be among the poets, but I dare not have such an understanding.
Tip: This paragraph shows that the inherent talent, knowledge, courage and strength serve to better understand, analyze and express objective and external reasons, things and feelings.
Some people will say: your exposition of the three concepts of reason, matter and emotion can be said to be very comprehensive. But (you emphasize) these three concepts must be the most critical in literary creation and appreciation (I have doubts). Discuss poetry (we try these three concepts). Poetry is used to express feelings, which is for sure; But reason and things don't seem very important to poetry itself! Philosopher Zhu once said: "Everything in the world has reason and law." If we want to talk about poetry, it seems that we can't discuss it in physics. The beauty of poetry lies in its infinite implication and extremely subtle and lofty thoughts. Its realm lies in intentional or unintentional, and its main purpose lies in performance and non-performance. Everything between the lines is interesting, far from being summarized by a specific object for no reason. Seems to have entered an indescribable situation. This is the ultimate realm of poets. You sum it up in one sentence. In fact, the application of rationality is limited, which can be factual but not fictional, and can be controlled and implemented without change, either too rigid or very pedantic; It's like a pedant telling a book in a boring way and a teacher boasting a book in an old-fashioned way, and it's like Zen actually deduces the fixed method instead of preaching the living method; Personally, I think it's probably against the poet's theme. As far as things are concerned, everything in the world has its reason; But not all of them are practical. If poetry can't be summarized by ideas, how can it be explained by facts? But you insist that the characteristics of poetry must be summarized by reason, matter and emotion, and there will be no deviation. I don't understand this. What is the truth?
Hint: This passage questions the key role of reason, matter and emotion in poetry creation and appreciation.
Let me answer (the above question) like this: what you said is the actual situation. Your description of poetry really gets to the point. But you only know that the truth that can be said and used is called truth, and the truth that name and words can't reach is also truth. Do you know that?/You know what? You only know that some things are things, but do you know that nothing is the source of everything? Everyone can express the truth that can be told, and where must the poet say it? Everyone can say what can be proved, and where is it necessary for poets to repeat it? There must be reasons that ordinary people can't explore, and there are things that ordinary people can't understand. When the poet observes the appearance, he suddenly realizes that his other interests and stories will be vividly displayed in front of him. Now, let's try to quote some famous sentences from Du Fu's poems to give you a clear and general explanation, shall we?
Hint: simply answer the above questions, suggesting that the reason and things here refer to the reason and interest and things in poetry; In order to introduce the following further examples.
For example, Du Fu's Xuanyuan Di Dian, let's study it word for word. On the surface, it refers to the outside, which has nothing to do with the inside. What was the state of the first cold? Can it be separated from the inside? Besides, can you avoid catching the first cold by putting pipa outside? Cold is the air flowing between heaven and earth. This kind of airflow is everywhere in the universe, and pipa can get rid of it? Or is the cold just entrenched in Lake Biwa? Use the first word to describe cold, to induce cold without catching a cold? There is no image of the first cold, but pipa is a material existence. I mix nothingness with substance to divide inside and outside. I don't know if this is because of Pipa or the first cold. Write a close-up or a vision? If we have to use truth to prove facts and explain poetry creation, I'm afraid Zou Yan in the Warring States period can only be at the end of his rope. However, once you put your imagination into the specific scene at that time, you will feel that the situation created by these five words suddenly seems natural: show an image, infect your eyes, and suddenly realize your heart. I can't say what I feel in my heart; What do you say, but the meaning cannot be explained. It seems to show us a picture of deja vu. It seems that there is cold inside and outside, and it has been cold for a long time, but with the help of the concrete example of pipa. There is a middle, a margin, mutual growth between reality and reality, mutual achievements, in front of you, complacent in your heart. The reason is obvious and the facts are conclusive. Su Shi said: "There are pictures in Wang Wei's poems." Anyone who can draw poetry is a poet's skill. For example, the phenomenon of rain and snow is very suitable for change, and artists can't describe it with a pen. If the scenery inside and outside gets cold first, even if the five generations of painters Dong Yuan and Ju Ran come back to life, I'm afraid they will be helpless and stop. Only poetry can bring philosophy and personnel into the magical artistic conception, and that is something that mediocre people can't imitate at all!
Another example is Du Fu's sentence "Nine Yuntai shines under the moon" in Zuo Zuo Hangshu. When describing the moon, we never only talk about the circle, light and shade, ups and downs, competition, nor more or less. If it is replaced by vulgar Confucian scholars, it is not "the moon is close to the sky" but "the moon is close to the sky". (They) think this description makes the scene real and the words are appropriate. Now (Du Fu wants to) talk more; I wonder if this means that there are already many satellites. Or because you've been here for nine hours? I don't know if this means more moonlight. Or does the moon shine more? It seems inexhaustible. Imagine the scene at that time, not because it describes the Ming, Gao, or Sheng, you can express the scene at that time. Only this multi-word can sum up the scene in the palace on that particular night. Others saw it that night, but they didn't realize it and didn't show it. Only Du Fu realized it and expressed it. This is the case, but this is not the case.
Another example is the phrase "the morning bell is wet outside the clouds" in Du Fu's poem "It's too wet to go ashore in Kuizhou". Does it talk about dampness with the morning bell as the object? There are more than a thousand things outside the cloud; Besides, the clock must be in the temple; Even in temples, there are many objects besides clocks. Why is the clock wet? The poet arranged it this way when he wrote, because he felt something when he heard the bell. Bells have no shape. Will they really get wet? The bell will not be heard until it enters the ear; Listen to the ear, you can only distinguish its sound. Where can I tell if it is wet? To go beyond the cloud is to see the cloud in front of you, not the clock, so to go beyond the cloud; But this poem was written because of the rain. There were clouds before the rain, and the clock was wet by the rain, so the clock was covered by clouds, which should not be said to be outside the clouds. I wonder if this poem was written in my ear. Or what you see in your eyes? Or have you figured it out yourself? Mediocre literati will definitely say "the morning bell is a cloud", and some will definitely say "the morning bell is a cloud"; There will never be wet words written. They didn't understand that it was through the clouds that they saw the bell, and they heard a muffled sound because of the humidity in the bell. This is really a strange understanding of the beauty of human nature in heaven and earth, and an artistic epiphany has emerged from extremely profound thinking, so it will reach such a natural poetic realm.
Another example is Du Fu's poem "Boating in the Moho Pool", which says "Autumn falls in the high city". What is autumn like? Why did you say it fell? During the alternation of seasons, I have never heard anyone say that it is declining. Even if autumn can fall, why should it be associated with high city? The reason why the high city fell is that autumn is actually the first time to feel its arrival from the high city, and it is so unchangeable in reason!
Tip: In the above four paragraphs, four examples in Du Fu's poems are used to demonstrate his views in detail, and it is profoundly pointed out that poetry must treat objective things artistically; Only the combination of reality and reality, the unity of mind and image, the unity of mind and matter, and the unity of reason and matter can show extraordinary reason, extraordinary things and extraordinary feelings, which is the best embodiment of a poet's talent, knowledge, courage and strength. This is the highest realm of poetry creation.
The four poems in Du Fu's Poems mentioned above are listed and explained at will. If we look at poetry from the perspective of mediocre literati, how can rationality make sense? As far as poetry is concerned, what is the problem? The reason why Buddhists say that words are mysterious and thoughts are ethereal is because the emptiest is often the truest, and the higher the distance, the closer. I'm afraid it's as obvious between the mind and the eyes as flying eagle leaping fish. Now that the truth is understood, can we still think that poetry has nothing to ask for? It is reasonable for the ancients to have many subtle sentences. Let's quote the above four sentences and compare them with other poems. There are also works that cannot be explained by facts, and some Tang poems are given at will. For example, "the road is difficult, and it is difficult to go to the sky"; "It seems that seawater has been added to the uterine leakage"; "Spring breeze is not enough"; "If there is love in the sky, it will be old"; "Jade is not as beautiful as western Western jackdaw" and so on. There are thousands of poems like this, but there will never be such a thing. (These) are really emotional and imaginary exaggerated sentences. Feelings must follow certain principles in order to forge profound truth and be accepted by people. Emotion and philosophy blend with each other, so doesn't the object also blend in?
Tip: This paragraph summarizes the above four situations to reveal the difference and dialectical relationship between truth in real life and interesting things in poetry.
In short, people who write poems must actually be expressing reason, things and feelings. Saying what others can say and explaining what others can understand will lead to mediocrity. Only those philosophies that ordinary people can't explain, things that can't penetrate and emotions that can't be directly expressed can reveal the truth with the help of deep thinking, construct stories and images through imagination, sublimate emotions in confusing associations, and thus create poems with profound philosophy, real things and strong feelings. How can the eyes and ears of vulgar literati have such a realm? Then the three concepts of reason, matter and emotion I discussed are not pedantic, eccentric and rigid. Understanding and truly mastering the above viewpoints and artistic skills is not only conducive to writing poetry, but also conducive to the cognition and expression of everything!