Analysis:
Yongming is the title of Emperor Wu of Qi (483-493). At that time, a huge literary group was formed around Xiao, the second son of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. People with a little talent and fame in contemporary times have been snared by Jingling House. Among them, Xiao Yan, Shen Yue, Xie Tiao, Wang Rong, Xiao Chen, Fan Li, Ren Fang and Lu Shu are the most famous, collectively known as "Eight Friends of Jingling". One of the eight friends and his little close friend are experts in phonology. They applied the knowledge of four tones to literary creation and founded the theory of four tones and eight diseases. Xie Tiao, Fan Li and others also actively participated in the creation of this new poetic style, which made a key turning point in the evolution from classical poetry to metrical poetry. The biography of Nan Shi Lv Zhi said:
Chen, Diao and Langya push the hub with qi, and your articles are good at understanding phonology. For example, all the characters use Gong Shang and four tones as rhyme. Have a flat head, upper tail, bee waist and crane knees; Among the five characters, the phonology is different, and within two sentences, the horn number is different and cannot be increased or decreased, which is called "Yongming style" in the world.
Generally speaking, the rhythm of Yongming's new-style poems requires that five-character poems take two sentences as the basic unit. Within one sentence, levels and levels are staggered, and between two sentences, levels and levels are relative. And so on. In addition, it is required to avoid the defects of eight tones such as flat head and upper tail, that is, the "eight diseases" theory is only too strict, and people at that time could not fully abide by it, and later eight-part poems did not avoid all the "eight diseases". In addition to paying attention to four tones and eight diseases, Yongming style also has some writing habits. For example, the length of space, although not clearly defined, is usually around ten sentences. From this development, the eight sentences of metrical poems also formed a fixed framework, except for the first pair and the second pair, most of them used antitheses in the middle, which became the formula of metrical poems later.
The application of temperament is first within the scope of five-character poems. Roughly in the Chen dynasty, the five laws were basically mature, and then the Tang people perfected and finalized them in more detail. The legalization of seven-character poems was mainly completed in the Tang Dynasty. At the same time, parallel prose and ci fu are also affected, and there is a phenomenon of paying attention to parallelism and harmony, but it is not as strict as poetry. On the whole, the poems after the Qi Dynasty are more rigorous and beautiful because they use rhyme to seek new changes.
The direct reason why the theory of temperament was put forward and applied is that most poems have been divorced from singing, and it is necessary to pursue musical beauty from the language itself. But it's more than that. Because of his emphasis on musicality, he put forward that "the beauty of good poetry is like a trickle" (The Biography of South History Wang Yun quoted Xie Tiao), and began to correct the shortcomings that the language of literati poetry was too difficult and heavy since the Jin and Song Dynasties, and turned to fresh and smooth. Because even if the difficult words meet the requirements in phonology, they can't achieve the practical purpose of flowing away because of the obstacles in reading. Moreover, due to the limited space of new-style poems, the writing style of wanton ostentation and extravagance and blind display of talents in the past is not allowed. As a popular trend, even if it is not a new style poem, the problem of miscellaneous poems is gradually less, and concise and clear works are beginning to increase. This is a far-reaching change, which greatly influenced the language style of Liang and Chen's poems until the Tang Dynasty.