First, dredge the language and understand the general idea.
China's excellent ancient poems are concise in language, implicit in meaning, far-reaching in artistic conception, plain in tone, rigorous in rhyme, and full of charm. Because reading ancient poems has great language barriers, it is even more necessary to sparse words.
Common methods of ancient poetry teaching in primary schools
1. Dredge unfamiliar words: Some words are generally inaccessible to students in daily reading, which is an obstacle for students to read and understand poetry. Therefore, students should first recognize its shape, sound and meaning. For example, the word "Wan" in Wan Wan Ri and the word "Wan" in Singing in the Woods.
2. Dredge the differences between ancient and modern words in form, meaning and usage: some words with different meanings or pronunciations in ancient and modern times are easy for students to misunderstand the meaning of the text, so the teacher must explain clearly. For example, "Sit" in "The Night in the Maple Grove" (which means because), "Sit" in "The wind blows grass and you see cattle and sheep" (which means exposure, equivalent to "now"), and "Where the sun shines, enter a bush" (which means sunshine).
The above-mentioned "Yi", "Yue", "Sit", "See" and "Jing" are all key words to understand poetry. Only by understanding their meanings can students better understand the literal meaning of this poem. These places, just say it, can't give up because they are afraid of wearing the hat of "injection".
It is worth noting that in the language application of ancient poetry, the usage of ellipsis, jumping and word order inversion often exceeds that of ordinary classical Chinese. In teaching, students only need to have a general idea, and there is no need to translate word by word. Sticking to the latter is not only difficult to do, but also time-consuming. Serious words will stifle students' interest in learning and spoil their appetite for learning. This inevitably requires teachers to organize teaching in a rough and familiar way.
Second, dig the blank and feel poetic.
China's ancient poetry is famous for its implication. Like China's calligraphy and painting, it pays attention to white cloth, leaving enough imagination for the appreciator.
To some extent, the art of poetry is a blank art: the blank of story plot, the blank of character description, the blank of psychological activities, the blank of thoughts and feelings, the blank of philosophy and so on.
Teachers should be good at guiding students to overcome these obstacles, stimulate reasonable association and imagination, supplement the "blank" of poetry, and connect the starting point and the end point of jumping, so as to appreciate the unique artistic image, vivid lyric picture, rich life content and profound ideological significance of poetry.
For example, the first couplet and the second couplet of the ancient poem "Spring Hope" are "A leopard cannot change his spots, but a leopard cannot change his spots.". Petals fall like tears, and lonely birds sing their sadness. " The author saw the tragic scene of the country falling apart in the An Shi Rebellion, and his inner trauma was unspeakable. Du Fu's Five-word Law is full of emotion and emotion, which provides students with a broad imagination space. To what extent is "broken"? How deep is it? Flowers and birds should be pleasing to the eye and entertaining. Why is it "tears in flowers" and "birds are surprised"?
The author uses an anthropomorphic pen to reflect his inner pain. What are the images of "shorter shave" and "invincible"? This is a self-portrait of the poet when he was old. He suffered from displacement and war, resulting in sparse hair. What is his inner feeling through the image? The poet was full of sadness and melancholy, which effectively accused him of the crime of Anshi Rebellion. Many "blanks" should be filled with imagination. Teachers and students alike describe the author's thoughts and feelings of worrying about the country and the people.
Third, read it carefully and become used.
Reading aloud is the first rule of Chinese teaching. Many excellent teachers attach great importance to classroom reading. There is a saying: read a book a hundred times and you will understand its meaning. Reading aloud can express one's own experience and feelings, and create a good singing method in which teachers and students are in harmony with each other in mind, emotion and harmony, thus improving students' comprehensive qualities such as knowledge, ability, personality, aesthetics and culture. In addition, ancient poetry has a unique rhythm and rhythm. Teachers should pay attention to the rhythm, rhyme and proper tone of poetry when guiding students to read, so that students can immerse themselves in the unique rhythm of poetry and enter the beautiful artistic conception of poetry.
For example, in the poem "Dengguazhou", the teacher said: The peach blossoms are blooming again, the grass is green again, and the swallows are back. However, the poet has left. As the saying goes, it is difficult to leave my hometown, and the poet can't help thinking-"When will the bright moon shine on me?" ; How can a poet not ask-A: "When will the moon shine on me?" ; The poet asks-the student answers, "When will the bright moon shine on me?" .
After recalling his hometown and relatives, the teacher asked in contrast: Is it possible to be a family member? I saw in front of me-Sheng answered: "Guazhou and Jingkou are separated by a water, and Zhongshan is only separated by several mountains"; Is it okay to drink with friends? I saw in front of me-Sheng answered: "Guazhou and Jingkou are separated by a water, and Zhongshan is only separated by several mountains"; Maybe if he leaves, he will never go back. Let's take a look again-Sheng replied, "Guazhou in the mouth of Beijing is separated by a water, and Zhongshan is only separated by several mountains." This kind of homesickness only asks the bright moon-the student answers, "When will the bright moon shine on me?" .
After repeated reciting, students are not only familiar with poetry, but also deeply understand the poet's feelings.
Excellent ancient poetry is an important resource for Chinese teaching. Beautiful poetry, beautiful language, profound connotation and lofty artistic conception are our inexhaustible wealth. Only when Chinese teachers attach importance to the teaching of ancient poems, constantly enrich themselves, improve their literary literacy, correctly grasp the emotional orientation of their works, and take scientific and effective measures to stimulate students' interest in learning and emotional singing can students love ancient poems and the excellent culture of the motherland.
2 primary school poetry appreciation teaching methods
First of all, appreciate reciting.
Primary school students are in the development stage of thinking, and students of this age are also in the stage with the strongest memory. In the teaching of ancient poetry in primary schools, teachers should ask students to strengthen the recitation and reading of ancient poetry. Let students inject their own feelings while reciting ancient poems and understand the author's writing mentality, which can make students have a deeper understanding of ancient poems and truly understand the culture of ancient poems.
In addition, teachers should also pay attention to students' accumulation of ancient poems, and reciting is often the best way for students to accumulate ancient poems. Therefore, appreciating recitation and understanding recitation can help students understand the author's thoughts and feelings while studying China's ancient poems in primary schools. Most of the ancient poems in primary schools are seven-character quatrains and five-character quatrains. How to read the head couplet, neck couplet and tail couplet needs good guidance from the teacher.
Teachers' demonstration recitation is very helpful for students to understand poetry, and attaching importance to recitation is the basis of poetry teaching. The rhythm of ancient poetry is rigorous, it is catchy and fluent to read, and familiar reading can also promote reciting.
Second, reasonable association is the key to the teaching of ancient poetry.
Association is a psychological cognitive activity to recall or recall another thing from the currently perceived thing. Generally speaking, Lenovo is related to this and that. Association is the link between learning and intellectual activities. In Chinese learning, association and imagination are often compared, and association is considered as creative thinking.
For example, Ye Shaoweng's "Not Worth Visiting the Garden" is a famous sentence describing spring scenery, and the author describes spring scenery from the side. Here, "a small mouth can't be opened for a long time" creates a space for students' imagination. Why can't you knock? Teachers can let students imagine, what is the reason why poets can't knock at the door? Students began to actively explore this reason, is it out? Still working in the yard and didn't hear a knock at the door? In this way, students' imagination is stimulated.
Why do you only see apricots when you are out of the wall? What else is in the yard? According to their own life experiences and experiences, students imagine the scenery in the yard one by one: lush vegetables, fruit trees full of flowers, bees gathering honey in droves, dragonflies and butterflies among flowers, which are full of spring. This is a reflection caused by "an apricot coming out of the wall". From point to surface, an apricot thinks of all the love, which can't be seen in the yard.
In this process of imagination, on the one hand, students' imagination is brought into play, on the other hand, students' thinking ability is improved, and their expressive ability is improved in the process of communication, which provides a successful example for students' writing.
It can be seen that association plays a very important role in literary creation. Therefore, to grasp the ideological content and emotional tone of literary works, we must grasp the author's association. In the teaching of literary works, we should not only guide students to grasp the author's association, but also be good at guiding students' association, so as to deeply feel the meaning of the text, appreciate the artistic charm of the works and cultivate and develop students' association.
As a bright pearl in China traditional literature, classical poetry plays an important role in Chinese teaching in middle schools. The new textbook increases the proportion of classical poetry, which is very beneficial to cultivate students' literary literacy. In order to better teach classical poetry, we might as well take association as a breakthrough.
Third, reasonable association.
The reason why ancient poetry is wonderful is that it uses refined language to achieve vivid intentions, creates the atmosphere of the author at that time, and makes readers enter reverie. In the process of teaching ancient poetry in primary schools, teachers should pay attention to the reproduction of artistic conception of ancient poetry and deepen students' understanding of ancient poetry. In addition, in the teaching process, teachers can also let students play roles and stimulate students' imagination.
Imagination is the processing and transformation of memory on the basis of past experience. Without imagination in ancient poetry, there is no embodiment of artistic beauty, and it is impossible to present aesthetics completely. In the teaching of ancient poetry, let students enter the imagination space, produce emotion and empathy in the imaginary artistic conception of ancient poetry, and finally reach association, thus mobilizing their own life experience to reflect the images in ancient poetry.
If you can catch a sad word in Xiuzi, why is the poet sad? What sad pictures will the students associate with? After guiding the students into the sad situation, let them see the picture of the poet dying unsatisfied and full of tears, and understand the patriotic feelings of the poet "recovering the Central Plains and returning my rivers and mountains" to death.
Fourth, focus on expansion.
There are thousands of poems left by the ancients, but the textbooks are basically classics, and the number is limited. If students only study these things, their ability will not be improved. Listening, speaking, reading and writing in Chinese teaching are coherent and complementary. In teaching, teachers should not only guide students to learn ancient poems in textbooks, but also enrich the reading content and read more extracurricular ancient poems.
For example, when studying Wang Anshi's Deng Fei Laifeng, you can learn other poems of Wang Anshi at the same time after class. For example, when teaching "Send Yuan 20 An Xi", can students assume the scene of leaving their relatives and write their own farewell poems? Maybe some students can write their first poem.