176 1 year, Zoenfiles (1733 ~1817) established the "German Association", and in 1765, it edited and published the weekly magazine "People without prejudice". Brummer (1755~ 1798) edited organ publications of Vienna Realist, Vienna Enlightenment and Vienna Yearbook of Literature and Art from 1782 to 1784.
Austrian enlightenment writers are mostly engaged in creation under the influence of German enlightenment writers. Brubauer was influenced by German writer Vilander, and Dennis (1729~ 1800) followed the example of German writer Klobb Stolc. Zonan Fils devoted himself to drama reform. In his two articles, "Vienna Stage Communication" (1768) and "Eliminating the Necessity of Improvising Words" (1770), he objected to the improvisation of words by actors during performances and to Hans Ulste, a clown who specializes in joking and teasing. It is required to imitate French classical drama, and the creation and performance must strictly abide by certain rules. He introduced the enlightenment thought of western Europe and criticized the chaotic state of drama at that time, which was of positive significance, but he ignored the popularity of1the "ancient Vienna folk comedy" that rose at the beginning of the 8th century. His idea was opposed by hafner (173 1~ 1764). Hafner developed the so-called "Hans Ulster comedy" into a Viennese "popular drama", and was known as the "father of popular drama", which had a great influence on Raymond and Nesterroy.
/kloc-in the 0 th and 9 th centuries, a number of writers with world reputation emerged in the Austrian literary world. Greer Pazer (179 1~ 1872) was the first influential writer in the 9th century. He founded the Austrian classical drama. His artistic tendency belongs to the category of classical literature represented by Goethe and Schiller, but the theme of his works is completely Austrian. King Otoka's Happiness and Ending (1825) is his masterpiece, which can be compared with Schiller's wallenstein in art. Raymond (1790~ 1836) overcame the vulgar gimmicks that were full of "popular drama" and created pantomime and fantasy humor.
Under the influence of the French 1830 July Revolution, an unprecedented revolutionary situation also appeared in Austria. Most important writers at that time were Democrats. Nesterroy (180 1~ 1862) is also the author of Popular Drama. He not only purified and improved this popular drama form in art, but also injected democracy and social criticism into it, thus becoming a popular playwright after 1830. Shields Field lived in America for a long time. His novels give a true description of American customs and social conditions, regard American democracy as a model of Europe, and make innovations in writing skills.
1848 before the revolution, a number of "inclined poets" emerged in Austria, the most important of which was Ospel (1806~ 1876). His collection of poems, A Walk by a Viennese Poet (183 1), lashed out at the metternich regime and was investigated. Lainao (1802~ 1850) was also a democrat, but his thoughts and creations far surpassed those of "inclined poets" at that time. As a poet, he is second only to Heine in German contemporary literature, and many of his excellent poems have been praised by people.
The failure of 1848 revolution, with its influence, strengthened the tendency of literature to be divorced from reality, and writers avoided major social problems in reality and attached their feelings to mountains and villages far away from capitalist metropolises. Steve (1805~ 1868) still had revolutionary passion in his works before 1848, but his later works showed a pessimistic mood. His description of the characters' psychology and life details is vivid and delicate, and his description of natural scenery is also cordial and touching, but his works lack profound social content and his characters are pale and powerless. Sal (1833~ 1906) is a very talented writer. His elegies and novellas have made great achievements in art, but the suppression of sadness blurs the democratic tendency of his works, and the meticulous psychological description dilutes the significance of his social criticism.
In the 1970s, especially in the 1980s, the social critical factors in Austrian literature increased obviously, and a realistic writer like Chen An gruber appeared. His works also set his hometown as the background, writing about rural life. But his concern is not the quiet and harmonious rural life, but the social struggle in rural areas. He not only exposed the rule of Catholic forces in rural Austria, but also criticized capitalism's pursuit of money and power. At the same time, he raised "popular drama" to the height of classical drama. Ebner Eichenbach (1830~ 19 16), David (1859~ 1906) and Qu Enberg (18265438+).