Comparison
Editor
Liu Xie said in the book "Wen Xin Diao Long": Comparison is "either based on sound, or better than appearance, or There are many examples of these in the poems we listed above. Another commonly used technique in comparison is "personification": using things to imitate people, or people to imitate things. The former is like Xu Zhimo's "Farewell Cambridge": Gently I leave, / just as I came gently; / I wave gently, / bid farewell to the clouds in the western sky. / The golden willows by the river, / are the bride in the sunset; / the beautiful shadows in the ripples of light, / ripple in my heart. Treat "clouds" and "golden willows" as human beings. People are used to imitate things, such as Love's "Because of the Wind":...My heart/is as bright as the candlelight in front of your window/a slight ambiguity/is inevitable/because of the wind/… …With a lifetime of love/Light a lamp/I am a fire/May be extinguished at any time/Because of the wind. Compare "my heart" to candlelight and me to a lamp. Of course, in the final analysis, the essence is still "anthropomorphism".
Exaggeration
Editing
It is to enlarge the thing to be described, just like the "capital" and "close-up" shots in the movie, to attract the reader's attention and association . Li Bai's "The water of Peach Blossom Pond is a thousand feet deep, not as deep as Wang Lun's gift to me" ("A Gift to Wang Lun") "The water flows down three thousand feet, suspected to be the Milky Way falling from the sky" ("Wanglu Mountain Waterfall"), which says "A thousand feet deep" "Three thousand feet", although not the truth, the image he created vividly shows the characteristics of things and expresses the poet's passion. The readers are not only able to accept it, but also convinced, which is a surprise. However, this kind of exaggeration must be artistic and beautiful, and cannot be too absurd, or too realistic or too vulgar. For example, there is a poem describing a cotton harvest: "A cotton flower packed in a bag/pressures the truck's head up/three feet high/like an anti-aircraft gun." After reading it, it makes people feel unreal and produces There is no feeling of beauty.
Methodology
Editing
It is to use one thing to replace another thing. It has similarities with comparison, but is different. The difference is that comparison is generally both the comparison and the things being compared are concrete and visible; while metonymy is that one side is concrete and the other side is more abstract. It builds a bridge with abstraction to make the image of the poem more vivid and prominent, so as to arouse readers' associations. This is what Ai Qing said: "Give thoughts wings, give emotions clothes, give sounds colors, and solidify the changes that pass by."
To shape the image of poetry, you can not only use the materials taken in from the perspective of To describe the picture,
Poetry techniques of expression
Poetry techniques of expression
You can also use materials obtained from the senses such as hearing and touch to paint pictures from many aspects. Reflect the image, be vivid, vivid and novel. Jia Dao, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, rode on a donkey and recited "The bird stayed in the tree beside the pond, and the monk pushed the door under the moon", but he thought it would be better to use "The monk knocked on the door under the moon". He couldn't decide whether to "push" or "knock", so he made a knocking gesture with his hands. Unexpectedly, the donkey blocked the way of a high-ranking official. This man was the great writer Han Yu. When the guard took Jia Dao to his horse , Jia told the truth, and Han pondered for a long time, saying that it would be better to use typing. Because "knocking" has a sound, one or two knocks on the door on a moonlit night in the deep mountains make the scene "alive" and make the environment even more silent. The aforementioned "crows" and "bells" in "Night Mooring at Maple Bridge" are also the highlight of this poem. There is also the music description in Bai Juyi's "Pipa Xing", the section "Big beads and small beads falling on the jade plate" is even more lifelike and wonderful! The modern one is like the "Morning Song" of Yellow River Waves: "There is also the reef/listening stubbornly/beyond the sound of wind, rain and waves/the faint/dawn/morning bell of Lingquan Temple/just like the spring of Gushan." /Response from afar/A few sparse stars/The red corolla/The vigorous rooster's crow/As if coming from across the sea/Crowing the dawn/Like a surging tide. This poem is also very well written. If we master the technique of using sound to shape images, it will open up a broader field for poetry creation.
Whether it is comparison, exaggeration or metaphor, it all depends on the poet's keen observation of objective things. Incorporate your own emotions, use bold imagination, and even fantasy. It can be said that no matter whether you are a romantic or a realist, you cannot be a poet without imagination (fantasy). For example, Li Bai, who is famous for his boldness, Although he is rich in imagination and has a magnificent poetic style, Du Fu, who is famous for his realism, also wrote such things as "There are tens of thousands of mansions in Guangzhou... When did I suddenly see this house in front of me..." ("Song of Thatched House Broken by the Autumn Wind") ) and "The fragrant mist and clouds make the servant girl wet, and the clear jade arms are cold." When do I lean on Xuguo, my tears will dry when I shine with my eyes. "("Moonlight Night") and other imaginative masterpieces.
"Some Techniques of Modern Poetry"
---Introduction to several techniques of breaking out on the wall
<1>Cut to the last detail
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(End of desperate situation);
<2>Rise to rise
(Start from the establishment of a new situation);
<3> Summary montage
(with layers and turns);
(Purely philosophical theory, after all, a stranger);
(Taking it from life and seeing the heat,
This is also the essence of the heart’s experience!);
Don’t let inspiration get stuck in your cerebellum, including after creation.
(Admittedly, most authors cannot get rid of it.
Individuals have inevitable growth);
In terms of health care, it is not a serious medical skill after all.
(This means that Van Gogh’s sunflowers are actually very beautiful).
The development of modern poetry has its own path and color, and its characteristics are not the same as those of painting.
A foot doctor cannot understand the size of the knife and the fragrance of the sparks. I can't even see the seven inches of the snake.
And judging from the season, it is a bit sticky and messy; I would like to scratch my paw and dare not claim to be combing it.
Children's Medicine·Horse Moon in the Year of the Ox
These three expression techniques have been handed down and are often used in combination to complement each other and have a great influence on the poetry creation of the past dynasties.
There are many techniques of expression in poetry, and they have been continuously developed and created throughout the ages, and their application is also flexible and varied, such as exaggeration, duplication, overlapping, jumping, etc. It is difficult to describe them all. However, all methods are inseparable from imagination. Rich imagination is not only a major feature of poetry, but also the most important expression technique of poetry. In poetry, another important technique of expression is symbolism. Symbols, simply put, mean "to symbolize meaning", but in modern poetry, symbols are also expressed as direct images of the soul, which should be noted. From a modern point of view, poetry's image-shaping techniques have many expression techniques. The earliest and most popular traditional expression techniques in my country are "Fu, Bi, and Xing". "Preface to Mao's Poems" says: "Therefore, poems have six meanings: one is wind, the second is Fu, the third is Bi, the fourth is Xing, the fifth is Ya, and the sixth is Ode." Among these "six meanings", "wind, "Ya, Song" refers to the types of poems in the Book of Songs, and "Fu, Bi, Xing" are the expression techniques in poetry.
Fu: It is a way of expressing things directly. Zhu Xi, a scholar of the Song Dynasty, said in the annotation of "Collected Poems": "The poet, the poet, presents the story
The expression technique of poetry
The expression technique of poetry
The matter And to put it bluntly." For example, "Ge Tan" and "Fu Tuo" in "The Book of Songs" use this method.
Comparison: Use metaphors to describe things and express thoughts and feelings. Liu Xie said in "Wen Xin Diao Long·Bixing": "What is a comparison? It is a person who writes something to attach meaning and threatens to do something." Zhu Xi said: "A comparison is to compare this thing with another thing. ." For example, chapters such as "Katydid" and "Shuo Rat" in "The Book of Songs" were written using this method.
Xing: It is a way of writing that uses the beginning of something to evoke the thing to be described in the topic and to express thoughts and feelings. Kong Yingda of the Tang Dynasty said in "Mao Shi Zhengyi": "The one who inspires is to start. Taking examples to attract others and arousing one's own mind. Poems and essays that use plants, trees, birds and animals to express ideas are all inspired by words." Zhu Xi is even more clear. He pointed out: "Those who are Xing first talk about other things to trigger the words to be chanted." For example, chapters such as "Guan Ju" and "Tao Yao" in the "Book of Songs" use the expression technique of "Xing".