Our college entrance examination ancient poetry appreciation review can start from the following aspects:
First, grasp the different themes of poetry.
According to the different themes of poems, ancient poems can be divided into scenery (lyric) poems, chronicle (nostalgia) poems, history (nostalgia) poems, pastoral (landscape) poems, frontier (battle) poems and so on.
Second, distinguish between various styles and genres.
Third, grasp the artistic conception of images.
"Style" refers to the poet's creative characteristics in choosing themes, shaping images and using language. For example, Tao Yuanming's poems are quiet and peaceful, Wang Wei's poems are paintings, Li Bai's poems are bold and elegant, and Du Fu's poems are depressed and frustrated.
Artistic conception is a harmonious and broad picture of nature and life in literary works, which permeates the author's implicit and rich feelings and forms an artistic realm that can arouse readers' imagination and thinking. Excellent ancient poems create artistic conception and have broad artistic space. Poetry is often more about feeling, touching and melting the scenery. Artistic conception features are: generous and tragic, vigorous and powerful, calm and natural, majestic and spectacular, tragic and desolate, lonely and cold, and so on. It can be seen that by grasping these key points, we can cross the language barrier, quickly touch the poet's spiritual world, enter the artistic realm of poetry and solve problems.
Fourthly, analyze all kinds of expression skills.
(A) grasp the poetic vision
(b) identification technology
◆ Combination of reality and reality in material selection (real scene is the realistic and objective scenery described by the poet, that is, the immediate scenery and considerable scenery; Virtual scene is the scene created by the poet through feeling, association or imagination, that is, the scene in his heart and the scene that can be imagined. The combination of reality and fiction is often the basic method of artistic conception of ancient poetry.
Contrast in material selection: Contrast in the expression skills of ancient poetry is an expression skill relative to "positive contrast". In order to make the description of something more clear and prominent in the works, opposites and opposites are used to complement each other. It is different from "contrast", in which the relationship between two things is juxtaposed, and the result is to highlight both sides; Contrast, however, can clearly distinguish what is set off from what is set off, and highlight the one that is set off.
◆ Dynamic and static combination in content: sometimes it can be understood as "dynamic and static combination" and "dynamic and static combination".
Structural foreshadowing and care: the author's casual hints make the poem rigorous in structure, echoing from beginning to end and echoing the title.
Structural contrast: contrast refers to the method of juxtaposing two contradictory things or two contradictory aspects of the same thing in a work. This method is suitable for highlighting the image characteristics and revealing the image meaning, and it is also easy to have a sharp and profound effect on the expression of the theme.
◆ Questions and suspense about the structure.
◆ In terms of meaning, you can borrow scenery to express your feelings, borrow ancient times to satirize the present, borrow ancient times to express your feelings, read between the lines, and so on.
◆ Lenovo and imagination. Poetry appreciation is a kind of re-creation, and the main ways of re-creation are association and imagination. For example, in Wang Jia's "After Rain Clears Up", the author did not describe the scenery of the neighbor's yard, but wrote the real scene of "bees and butterflies climbing over the wall". If candidates hold on to this poem, they will think of the beautiful spring scenery next door through the fog of meaning, so that passers-by can stop and watch it, not to mention bees and butterflies who like flowers!
◆ Pay attention to distinguish between various rhetorical devices.
In ancient poetry, the author often uses various rhetorical devices to enrich images.
Metaphor: the most commonly used technique. You can also write the same thing with different metaphors. For example, Li Yu's "Like water flowing eastward" is written as "like water flowing eastward" and "with many worries and endless sources".
Synaesthesia: Communicate vision, hearing, smell, taste and touch, such as Lin Bu's "Dark Fragrance Drifting with the Moon and Dusk", and use the visual "darkness" to write the smell "fragrance" to highlight the characteristics of plum fragrance.
Metonymy: for example, use sails instead of boats, and use Zhumen instead of the house of dignitaries.
Intertextuality: in a coherent text, words that should be included together are arranged in the upper and lower sentences or the upper and lower paragraphs of a sentence, which saves words and expresses meaning. For example, Bai Juyi's "My master has dismounted and my guest has boarded the boat" actually said: "The master disembarked and the guest disembarked".
Question: For example, Li Yu's "How many worries can there be, just like a river flowing eastward".
Exaggeration: For example, Xin Qiji's "Thousands of trees bloom in the east wind night, and the stars are like rain".
Rhetoric commonly used in ancient poetry also includes personification, questioning and repetition, which need our attention.
In more cases, the artistic techniques of ancient poetry are not all single, but often comprehensive and complex. When appreciating, we should pay attention to analyzing the artistic characteristics in the specific context and the overall poetic context, and don't simply fall into the strange circle of terms and concepts. Sometimes, according to different questions and different requirements, we should make a correct judgment from the specified angle.
Five, taste a variety of language styles
The examination of words in ancient poetry is often from literal interpretation to connotation interpretation, so it is very important to understand different language styles. The language style of ancient poetry is generally solemn, serious, humorous and humorous; Image, vividness and conciseness; Concise and meticulous; Implicit and clear; Sharp and peaceful; Delicate, euphemistic, generous and warm. The level of language sense largely determines the level of poetry appreciation.
Personal style of poetry. Tao Yuanming's simplicity and nature, Du Fu's depression and frustration, Bai Juyi's easy to understand, Li Bai's heroic and elegant, Wang Changling's heroic and lofty, Du Mu's beautiful and delicate, Li Shangyin's hazy and obscure, Wang Wei's poetry and painting fusion, the beautiful and fragrant text, Gao Shi's tragic and desolate, Li Qingzhao's tearful and sad, Lu You's tragic and patriotic, (Meng
6. Understand the poet's life and background.
The ancients talked about the method of knowing people and commenting on poetry. That is to understand the poet's ideological character and life experience, the background of poetry creation (including the atmosphere of the times and social customs) and the purpose of creation, so as to put yourself in the poet's shoes, understand the poet's ideological connotation and artistic skills, and improve the ability to understand and appreciate poetry. In recent years, the poetry appreciation questions in the college entrance examination are all works that people don't know much about. Therefore, it is particularly important to know people and discuss poetry. To understand poetry, we can't leave the poet's appreciation to understand history. In fact, I read the history of social development in China, the history of cultural development in China and the humanistic spirit of the Chinese nation.
Seven, pay attention to poetry topics and notes.
The title of a poem can often convey the author's writing intention and the main idea of the poem, and sometimes the eyes of the poem will appear in the title of the poem. Therefore, in order to get the title of poetry appreciation, we must first educate students to pay attention to the title of poetry. After the appreciation of ancient poetry, there are often some notes, which also need full attention.