Emotional talent
Author: Liu Xie
The words of sages and sages are collectively referred to as articles. Why not adopt them? The water quality is weak, the wood body is solid and the calyx is vibrating, and the text is attached to the quality. Tiger and leopard have no text, then they are the same as dogs and sheep; Rhinoceros has skin, but the color is Dan lacquer, and the quality remains to be seen. If it is a summary of spirit, image, bird's heart and fishing net, it is clever and famous.
Therefore, there are three reasons for the way of writing: one is the form of writing, the other is the five colors; Second, the sound text, five tones also; Three is love, and so is five. The five colors are mixed, and the five tones are compared to form a young Xia. The five natures are spoken and the gods are counted.
"Xiao Jing" hangs down the code, and the words are not written; As the old saying goes, a gentleman has no quality. I have sick leave, so I call it "good words don't believe it", and 5 thousand is exquisite, so it is not abandoning beauty. Zhuang's "debating and carving everything" is called algae decoration. Han's "wonderful pen gives birth to flowers" means beauty. To say beauty, seaweed has to be carved, and the change of language has reached the extreme.
If we study the Book of Filial Piety and Old Age, we will know that literary quality is dependent on temperament. Looking closely at Zhuang and Han, glitz is more than extravagance. If you choose a stream that originates from the Jingwei River and follow the path of evil and righteousness, you can also control your literary talent. Her husband, Lead Dai, decorated her face, while Pan Xi was born in Shuzi; The literary talent is so decorated, and the debate is based on emotion. Therefore, the classic mood and resignation latitude; The origin of this essay is also the right and then the latitude, and the reason is then smooth.
Yesterday, the poet wrote an article for love; Eulogize people and create feelings for the text. Why is it clear? It is also for love to cover up elegance, concentrate on thinking and accumulating anger, and praise love to satirize it; Hundred schools of thought's disciples, who are not bored, extravagant and ostentatious, are famous all over the world for writing and creating feelings. Therefore, the lover's offer is * * *, and the scriptwriter's meanness is annoying. Then the author uses excessive and careless truth, far abandoning elegance and approaching the teacher to write fu, so the body and feelings are sparse and the more prosperous one by one. Therefore, I am very interested in Shenxuan, but I am full of enthusiasm. My heart is entangled in several things, but it is empty. This is really killing and saving, but the opposite is true.
Husband, peaches and plums are not words, but existence; The man's tree is blue but not fragrant, and he has no feeling. The husband is indifferent to grass and grass, and treats the truth according to the situation; The situation depends on the article, and narrative is the foundation. Words are contrary to ambition, is the text sufficient?
It is the combination of words, the desire for understanding, and the indiscriminate use of words that are more psychological. If you know the bait, you will lose the fish. "Words are hidden in glory" is almost what it is called. It is based on "clothes", and the evil text is too chapter; This book is poor, but it is more expensive than the original. A husband can set an example by his position, imitate the ground with his heart, settle his heart and then finish his speech, write a composition straight and enrich his heart, and be brilliant in scarlet, which can be described as carving his chapter and being a gentleman.
Like:
In Wen Yuan's words, sincerity is a test. The mind is shaped and Huaying is the support.
Wujin is good in Chongqing and beautiful in English. No matter how complicated and indifferent the taste is, it will be disgusting.
Classical Chinese translation:
Emotion is the thirty-first article of Wen Xin Diao Long, which mainly discusses the relationship between the content and form of literature and art.
The full text is divided into three parts. The first part discusses the relationship between content and form: form must be attached to a certain content to be meaningful, and content must be expressed through a certain form. In fact, the two are an interdependent unity. Liu Xie believes that literary works should have a certain literary talent, but literary talent and talent are determined by emotion and quality. Therefore, literary talent can only play a decorative role, it is attached to the author's state of mind and serves it. The second part summarizes two different ways of literary creation from the perspective of the relationship between literature and emotion: one is the fine tradition of "writing for emotion" since the Book of Songs, and the other is the bad tendency of "writing for emotion" in later generations. The former is "satirizing it by chanting love", so the feelings are true and the words are concise. The latter is disease-free and boastful, so his feelings are hypocritical and his rhetoric is flashy. After criticizing the tendency of later generations to value literature over literature, Liu Xie further put forward the literary proposition of "taking expression as the foundation". The third part talks about the harm of "rhetoric and sophistry", and puts forward the correct way of literary creation, that is, to establish the content first, then create the text, and adopt it, so that the content and form can closely cooperate to write an ideal work with both literariness and quality.
This paper is aimed at the creative atmosphere at that time, that is, "the body and feelings are sparse, and the articles are getting more and more prosperous." In order to explore the correct creative path, Liu Xie made a preliminary theoretical study on the relationship between content and form. He realized that the content and form of literature and art are interdependent, so both literature and quality should be paid equal attention. He also stressed that literature must be well written, but it must be based on "narrative ambition" and cannot damage the quality with literature. These opinions are basically correct. However, his so-called "affection" and "adoption" have certain limitations in content, and their theoretical explanations are still relatively rough.
( 1)
The works of ancient sages are all called "articles", isn't it because they are all literary works? Soft water can make ripples, while solid trees can produce flowers: it can be seen that literary talent must be attached to specific objects. If there are no patterns on the fur of tigers and leopards, you can't see the difference between them and the skins of dogs and sheep; Although rhinoceros skin is useful, it needs to be painted with Dan paint to be beautiful: the essence of visible things also depends on the beautiful shape. As for expressing the author's thoughts and feelings, describing the image of things, thinking carefully about words, and then organizing them into sentences and writing them on paper; Can be brilliant because of the lush literary talent. Therefore, there are three ways of literary and artistic creation: the first is the creation of forms, relying on different colors; The second is the creation of phonograms, which depend on various sounds; The third is the creation of expression, which is based on various temperament. Various colors are mixed with each other to form a bright pattern; All kinds of sounds are in harmony with each other, forming a beautiful movement; All kinds of temperament are shown, which constitutes a beautiful work. This is determined by natural reasons. For example, the Book of Filial Piety teaches future generations: "You don't need any literary talent to mourn your parents." It can be seen that people who usually speak do not want literature and art. Another example is Lao Tzu's opposition to hypocrisy, so he said, "Gorgeous language is often unreliable." But the five thousand words of Tao Te Ching written by him are very wonderful. It can be seen that he is not opposed to gorgeous literary talent. In addition, Zhuangzi once said that "everything is described by clever words", which is a modification of rhetoric. Han Fei once said "eloquent and gorgeous", which means too much literary talent. There are too many literary criticism, too many cleverly decorated descriptions, and the changes in the article are extreme. Understanding the words in the Book of Filial Piety, Laozi and other books shows that the form of the article is attached to the author's emotion; A closer look at the words in Zhuangzi, Han Feizi and other books shows that the works are extravagant. If we can make a proper choice between the clean stream and the turbid stream, and calmly consider the evil path and the right path, we can properly control literary talent in literary creation. However, indigo naturalis can only modify people's external appearance, and charming modality can only be produced from people's internal beauty. Literary talent can only modify language, and clever and gorgeous articles are based on their ideological nature. Therefore, ideological content is like the warp of words, and words are like the weft of content; You must determine the warp before you can weave the weft. Therefore, to write an article, we must first determine the content, and then we can produce fluent language: this is the fundamental principle of literary creation.
(2)
In the past, the authors of the Book of Songs wrote poems to express their thoughts and feelings. The works written by later writers of ci and fu are all fabricated emotions for writing. how do you know Because articles such as "Guo Feng" and "Xiao Ya" in The Book of Songs were produced because the author's heart was full of anxiety and resentment, he expressed this feeling through poetry to convince the rulers at that time: this is to write articles to express thoughts and feelings. Later poets, without sadness in their hearts, reluctantly spoke words and sought fame: this was to fabricate emotions in order to write articles. Articles written to express feelings can generally be concise and true; Articles that are barely written just for writing are often too gorgeous and the content is messy and vague. However, most scholars in later generations love vanity and despise truth, abandoning the ancient Book of Songs and learning Ci and Fu. As a result, there are fewer and fewer works that express feelings, and more and more works that only pursue literary talent. Some people deeply miss senior officials, but they are full of praise for seclusion in the mountains; Some people care about the fame and fortune in the world in their bones, but they falsely express the interests outside the world. There is no real feeling, the article only has the opposite description. The ancients once said: "people come and go under the tree and don't speak." That's because there are fruits on the trees. An ancient book once said, "Even if the orchids planted by men are beautiful, they have no fragrance." That's because men lack sincere and meticulous feelings. Such tiny things as flowers and trees rely on emotions and fruits; What's more, people should write articles based on expressing their feelings. What's the point of a writer's writing if it doesn't match his feelings?
(3)
So when writing an article, the purpose of using rhetoric is to explain things clearly. If the literary style is vague and unfamiliar, the ideological content of the work will also be vague. It's like a fisherman using jade feathers as fishing line and cinnamon as fish food, but he can't catch any fish. Zhuangzi's "Theory of Everything" said that "the meaning of words is covered by too much literary talent", which refers to this kind of thing. The Book of Songs Feng Wei Shuo Ren said, "I wear gorgeous clothes and a blouse outside", because I don't want to be too dazzling. The original divination of cultural ornaments in the Book of Changes is still white, so it is very important to keep the true colors when choosing ornaments. When writing, we should establish correct norms to arrange the content of the work and draw up appropriate basis to express the author's mood; The thoughts and feelings embodied in the works can only be matched with syllables and embellished with words if they are determined; Thus, although the form is gorgeous, it does not hide its content; Although rhetoric is rich, it will not bury the writer's mood: we should carry forward the positive colors such as red and blue, and abandon the variegated colors such as red and purple: this is the writer who can beautify his works and make the content and form conform to the ideal.
(4)
In a word, a language can last only if it has gorgeous literary talent, which is really good. Since the method of using literary thinking is clear, we can appropriately enrich the literary talent in our works. However, the splendid scenery produced by Wudi is easy to change color, and hibiscus flowers are beautiful but not durable; If writing articles is like this, if it is only rich in literary talent and lacks profound thoughts and feelings, it will be very boring.
Chinese Translation and Translation of Classical Chinese