He wrote "Wangchuan Collection" by himself, including 20 five-character quatrains that he and his friend Pei Di sang to each other. The main content is to describe the scenery near Wangchuan and express the interest of seclusion. Look at Wu Xinyi first: hibiscus flowers with chopped red calyx in the mountains.
The mouth of a stream is silent, without a trace. They open and fall. In the silent mountain stream, magnolia blooms and falls, surviving and dying. It's not fake, it has nothing to do with the world, and no one knows.
This is a world far away from the hubbub, and it is also the unique artistic conception of the poet Wang Wei's integration of subject and object, which is simply the symbolic realm of Buddhism's view of emptiness. Therefore, Hu Yinglin, a literary critic in the Ming Dynasty, said that this poem was a work of Zen. "I have forgotten my life experience, and all my thoughts are silent."
The artistic conception created by Wang Wei here, born out of the image, is a combination of poetic realm and Zen realm, with profound meaning and strong artistic appeal. This artistic achievement can not but be said to be beneficial to his study of Buddhism and the edification of Buddhist thinking mode.
Wang Wei was called "Shi Fo" by later generations. He believed in Buddhism in his early years.
Mother Cui Shi has been practicing meditation for more than 30 years. Wang Wei and his younger brother, Wang Jin, "both worship Buddhism and live on vegetables, so it is better to eat meat and blood" (Biography of Wang Wei in Old Tang Dynasty).
When Wang Wei was 3 1 year old, his wife died and he no longer married. He lives alone in a room, and his screen is very tired. "he has no children" ("the list of brothers recommended by the bow"). He also wrote many poems about Buddhism, and he has high attainments in Buddhism.
Among the schools of Buddhism in the Tang Dynasty, Wang Wei believed in Zen, and Nanzong Zen was the main one. Nanzong Zen is the product of the combination of Buddhism, Confucianism and Taoism in China, and its philosophy of destiny and life provides the latest and most complete way for China literati.
However, some practice methods of Nanzong Zen have something in common with China's poetry creation. Yan Yu, a literary critic in the Song Dynasty, said: "Generally speaking, Zen is only in the wonderful understanding, and poetry is also in the wonderful understanding" (Cang Hua).
Miao Wu is an insight into Zen, and it can also be expressed as an understanding of art. Both poetry and Zen need a keen inner experience, both emphasize enlightenment and metaphor, and both pursue meaning.
When talking about "epiphany", Nanzong Zen often uses the expression of images to convey the law, with special emphasis on the role of intuition, suggestion, induction and association in understanding. Wang Wei came from Zen, and naturally he has a deep understanding of this method of grasping the world.
He integrated his understanding of Buddhism into his outlook on life and turned religious feelings into poetic thoughts, creating a poetic artistic conception of "emptiness", "quietness" and "leisure". Zen advocates the beautiful style of mountains and rivers, which has also played a guiding and enlightening role in Wang Wei's conscious approach to mountains and rivers and the exploration of their aesthetic value.
Wang Wei described his inner experience in the poem Zhuliguan: I leaned alone in the dense bamboo, playing the pipa and humming a song. It's too light for anyone to hear, except my partner, Mingyue.
The poet sat alone in the depths of the bamboo forest, playing the piano and whistling. No one knows his existence, only the bright moon accompanies him. Nature knows his inner loneliness best, and the bright moon brings him a quiet happiness.
Things and I are one, things and I forget each other. Zen and poetry are in harmony. The same is true in Chai Lu: there seems to be no one on the empty mountain, but I think I hear a voice.
The shadow of the sunset shone into the depths of the forest, and the scenery on the moss was pleasant. There was no one in the empty mountain, only heard intermittent voices floating from the depths of the forest, and a ray of sunset was transmitted on the moss in the depths of the forest, which was so trance-like and sad.
This is the ethereal realm that Wang Wei pursues, far away from the hubbub. Although lonely, it is also meaningful. In the Qing Dynasty, Wang Yuyang said that Wang Wei's poems were "Zen", and "implicit words were tantamount to the laughter of Buddha and Ye Jia" (Continued from Silkworm Tail).
In other words, Wang Wei's landscape poems are full of Zen meaning, Zen music and Zen taste, and convey Zen meaning. Nature fully shows the poet's unique taste in the beautiful scenery of mountains and rivers.
Wang Wei doesn't necessarily go to remote places for meditation. He also looks at the vast world and the lively farm life: sunny Yuan Ye is endless and has no atmosphere at all. The gatehouse of the outer city is close to the ferry pier, and the trees at the edge of the village connect the stream and the estuary.
The silvery white river is shining in the fields, especially bright, and the green mountains stand behind the ridge. It is the busy farming season, there are no idle people, and farmers are busy going to the fields.
-"New Sunny Wild Hope" A spring rain washed away the dirt and the scene was completely new. Busy farming, people and scenery are bathed in fresh air.
The phrase "white water" forms a layered picture of close-up and distant view. The water is bright, the mountains are green, and the contrast between light and color is harmonious. On the surface, you can't see the Zen meaning of this poem.
In fact, that spring rain was like holy water poured out of a pure Buddhist bottle, which washed everything clean and ethereal. It's just that everything is wonderfully integrated with Zen and poetry, and he doesn't let Zen overwhelm poetry.
Of course, what we pay attention to is the kind of praise for farmers' life, and we appreciate the beautiful aura without tirelessly pursuing its Zen philosophy. Wang Wei is a versatile cultural giant who is good at poetry, music, painting and calligraphy.
Su Dongpo, a great writer in the Song Dynasty, said: "There are paintings in Wang Wei's poems; Look at the picture, there are poems in the picture. " (Shu Moran Tian Yan Yu Tu) His words are incisive and to the point.
Wang Wei was an accomplished landscape painter in Tang Dynasty. He painted with Xiao Shu's simple brushwork of ink and wash, created ink and wash landscapes, and became a family of his own, and was called the founder of landscape painting Nanzong by later generations.
His paintings emphasize freehand brushwork, pursue spirit likeness and express subjective feelings. So "draw things, don't ask the four seasons. If you paint flowers, you often take peaches, apricots, hibiscus and lotus flowers as a scene. " "It's hard to ask for shapes and objects." (Shen Kuo quoted Zhang Yanyuan in Mengxi) Therefore, Wang Wei is also known as the originator of China literati's freehand brushwork.
Painting can be similar in spirit, so it has the charm and interest of poetry, that is, there is poetry in painting. Staring at the natural landscape with this painting concept is a sigh, and it must have the charm of painting in poetry.
Wang Wei's profound artistic attainments in painting, music and calligraphy enable him to feel and capture the wonderful scenery, magical sound and ever-changing nature more accurately and meticulously than ordinary poets in his poetry creation, and appeal to the pen. I will also use words to set colors and pay attention to the harmony of poetry tones.
There are artistic conception of painting, fluency of music and changes of calligraphy in poetry. In this way, his unique poetic artistic style of "painting in poetry" and "hundred warblers, repeated performances by palace merchants" was virtually formed.
We should firmly grasp this feature when appreciating his landscape poems. Wang Wei is good at summarizing.
2. Landscape poems (three sentences each). Hundreds of mountains have no birds, and thousands of paths have no footprints. (Liu Zongyuan: "Jiang Xue")
2. The mountains cover the day, and the sea drains the golden river. (Wang Zhihuan: At Lusu)
3. Once you climb to the top of the mountain, you will see that all the other mountains look short under the sky ... (Du Fu: Looking at Yue)
Although a country is divided, the mountains and rivers remain forever, and the spring of trees and grass is back. (Du Fu: Hope in Spring)
There seems to be no one on the empty mountain, but I think I heard a voice. (Wang Wei: Chai Lu)
6. The bright moon rises from the mountains in the sky, in the infinite haze of the sea of clouds. (Li Bai: "Guan Shanyue")
7. Never tire of seeing it, only Jingting Mountain. (Li Bai: "Sitting alone in Jingting Mountain")
8. Peas are planted in Nanshan, and the grass is full of bean seedlings. (Tao Yuanming: Return to the Garden)
9. Castle Peak cannot be covered, after all, it flows eastward. (Xin Qiji: "Bodhisattva Xia? Book Jiangxi stoma wall "))
10. I don't know the true face of Lushan Mountain, but I am only on this mountain. (Su Shi: "Title Xilin Wall")
Water in poetry
1. The so-called Iraqis are on the water side. (The Book of Songs? Jia Jian ")
Where there is water, there are mountains and islands. (Cao Cao: < Looking at the Sea ")
3. White hair floating green water, red palm clear waves. (Luo: Singing Goose)
4. Tianmen cut off the Chu River and Higashi Shimizu River. (Li Bai: Wangtianmen Mountain))
5. There is no road in the mountains and rivers, and there is another village. (Lu You: "Tour Shanxi Village")
6. Peach Blossom Pond is deeper in thousands of feet than in Wang Lun. (Li Bai: "To Wang Lun")
7. The willows in Jiang Shuiping are green, and I can hear the songs on the Langjiang River. (Liu Yuxi: "Zhi Zhu Ci")
At sunrise, the flowers in the river are better than the fire. In spring, the river is as green as blue. (Bai Juyi: "Recalling Jiangnan")
9. Spring eyes are silent and cherish the trickle, and the shade of trees shines on the water and loves softness. (Yang Wanli: "Xiaochi")
10. There are three or two peach blossoms outside the bamboo, and there are duck prophets in the spring water heating. (Su Shi: "Hui Chong {Riverside Night Scene)")
There are three poems about mountains and three poems about water.
1. Hundreds of mountains have no birds, and thousands of paths have no footprints. (Liu Zongyuan's "Jiang Xue")
2. The mountains cover the day, and the sea drains the golden river. (Wang Zhihuan's "In the Heron Villa")
3. Once you climb to the top of the mountain, you will see that all the other mountains look short under the sky ... (Du Fu's "Looking at Yue"
Although a country is divided, mountains and rivers continue, and cities are full of spring grass and trees. (Du Fu's "Spring Hope")
There seems to be no one on the empty mountain, but I think I heard a voice. (Chai Lu by Wang Wei)
6. The bright moon rises from the mountains in the sky, in the infinite haze of the sea of clouds. (Guan Shanyue of Li Bai)
7. Never tire of seeing it, only Jingting Mountain. (Li Bai's Sitting Alone in Jingting Mountain)
8. Peas are planted in Nanshan, and the grass is full of bean seedlings. (Tao Yuanming's "Tian Yuan Tian Ju")
9. Castle Peak cannot be covered, after all, it flows eastward. (Xin Qiji, "Bodhisattva Man? Book Jiangxi stoma wall ")
10. I don't know the true face of Lushan Mountain, but I am only on this mountain. (Su Shi's topic Xilin wall)
Water in poetry
1. The so-called Iraqis are on the water side. (The Book of Songs? Jia Jian ")
Where there is water, there are mountains and islands. (Cao Cao's "Watching the Sea")
3. White hair floating green water, red palm clear waves. (Luo "Singing Goose")
4. Tianmen cut off the Chu River and Higashi Shimizu River. (Li Bai's "Looking at Tianmen Mountain")
5. There is no road in the mountains and rivers, and there is another village. (Lu You's Tour of Shanxi Village)
6. Peach Blossom Pond is deeper in thousands of feet than in Wang Lun. (Li Bai's Gift to Wang Lun)
7. The willows in Jiang Shuiping are green, and I can hear the songs on the Langjiang River. (Liu Yuxi's "Zhi Zhu Ci")
At sunrise, the flowers in the river are better than the fire. In spring, the river is as green as blue. (Bai Juyi's "Recalling Jiangnan")
9. Spring eyes are silent and cherish the trickle, and the shade of the tree shines on the water and loves softness, (Yang Wanli's "Little Pool")
10. There are three or two peach blossoms outside the bamboo, and there are duck prophets in the spring water heating. (Su Shi's "Hui Chong Chunjiang Night Scene")
There are five mountains in landscape poems.
1, there is no way to recover from heavy mountains and heavy waters, and there is another village. (Lu You's Tour of Shanxi Village)
Then he disappeared around the corner, leaving only hoofprint. (Cen Can's Song of Snow White sends Tian Shuji home)
3. What is water like? What is a mountain island? (Cao Cao's "Watching the Sea")
We looked at the green trees around your village and the pale blue of the distant mountains. (Meng Haoran, "Passing the Old Village")
5. Looking horizontally, the ridge edge becomes a peak, and the distance is different. (Su Shi's topic Xilin wall)
6. Once you climb to the top of the mountain, you will see that all the other mountains look short under the sky ... (Du Fu's "Looking at Yue")
7. Climb Dongshan and Lu Xiao, Mount Tai and the small world. (Confucius)
water
1, Gushan Temple is in the north of Jiating West, and the water level is low at first. (Bai Juyi's "Qiantang Spring Tour")
2. How did the water of the Yellow River flow out of heaven and into the ocean, which is gone forever. (Li Bai's "Into the Wine")
3. Who knows that life is endless? The water in front of the door can still flow west, so don't sing yellow chicken with white hair. (Su Shi)
4. Peach Blossom Pond is deeper than thousands of feet, not as good as Wang Lun. (Li Bai)
5. As for launching Xiangling, it is along the back block. (Li Daoyuan's Three Gorges)
6, the water is blue, the bottom is a thousands of feet. You can swim with the fine stones and look directly at them. (Wu Jun and Zhu Shu)
"The sun shines on Qingqiu Island and the dust is flying in Handan. The river moves to the forest bank, and the rock is deep and smoky "("Zhu Fang Road ")
"Mountains overlap far, bamboo forest near the cage. Soak your chest in cold water and take off the breeze "("Wandering Dojo ")
"Long branches sprout purple leaves, and Qingyuan is covered with moss. The mountains are floating and the spring is cold "("Pan Yongkang River ")
There are no birds flying over those mountains, and there are no traces of people in those paths. (Liu Zongyuan: "Jiang Xue")
The sun sets slowly near the western hills, and the Yellow River flows into the East China Sea. (Wang Zhihuan: At Lusu)
5. Write poems about mountains, water and mountains.
1. Hundreds of mountains have no birds, and thousands of paths have no footprints. (Liu Zongyuan: "Jiang Xue")
2. The mountains cover the day, and the sea drains the golden river. (Wang Zhihuan: At Lusu)
3. Once you climb to the top of the mountain, you will see that all the other mountains look short under the sky ... (Du Fu: Looking at Yue)
Although a country is divided, the mountains and rivers remain forever, and the spring of trees and grass is back. (Du Fu: Hope in Spring)
There seems to be no one on the empty mountain, but I think I heard a voice. (Wang Wei: Chai Lu)
6. The bright moon rises from the mountains in the sky, in the infinite haze of the sea of clouds. (Li Bai: "Guan Shanyue")
7. Never tire of seeing it, only Jingting Mountain. (Li Bai: "Sitting alone in Jingting Mountain")
8. Peas are planted in Nanshan, and the grass is full of bean seedlings. (Tao Yuanming: Return to the Garden)
9. Castle Peak cannot be covered, after all, it flows eastward. (Xin Qiji: "Bodhisattva Xia? Book Jiangxi stoma wall "))
10. I don't know the true face of Lushan Mountain, but I am only on this mountain. (Su Shi: "Title Xilin Wall")
Poems about water:
But since the water is still flowing, although we cut it with our swords and raise our glasses to drown our sorrows (Li Bai)
If you don't see how the water of the Yellow River moves out of heaven, you will never return to the sea (Tang Libai)
Flying down three thousands of feet, it is suspected that the Milky Way has fallen for nine days (Tang Libai)
Nanhu is smokeless in autumn night, and you can ride straight to the sky (Tang Libai)
The lake is clear and frosty, and the mirror is clear. Bai Tao Snow Mountain comes (Tang Libai)
If the Chu water is clear and empty, the blue sea comes from afar (Tang Libai)
But now, there are spring floods and floating peaches everywhere. Which way should we go to find the hidden source? (Don Bai Juyi)
Water is like a mirror, a thousand miles away without a trace (Tang Bai Juyi)
Become a traveling companion and go home with the birds at dusk (Don Wang Wei)
Between heaven and earth, water is abundant (stone)
Looking at the endless clouds in the north, the big river goes to the water (Wang Songliang Yuan)
Emei snows in the river, and the Three Gorges flows across the river (Tang Libai)
At first, the Milky Way fell, half scattered in the sky (Tang Libai)
Tao Bo Wan Li team Liuli (Tang Du Fu)
The water is too green to sleep, and the fish is empty and helpless (Song Loujian)
Green hills are not old, but green waters last forever (Guanzhong, Ming Luo)
Everything originated from water (Guan Zhong, the State of Qi in the Spring and Autumn Period)
The source is clear, but the source is turbid (Xunzi, Zhao in Warring States)
The source is pure and pure, and the original wood looks (Han)
Qingquan loves rivers and lakes, and it will not return if it flows out of the red wall (tea Shen Xing)
6. Wise people like water, benevolent people like Leshan, and seek to praise water and mountains respectively (both ancient poetry and vernacular Chinese can be used) 1. It is always appropriate to compare the West Lake to the West Lake.
2. Looking horizontally, the ridge edge becomes a peak, and the distance is different. I can't recognize the true face of Lushan Mountain because I am there.
3. I have sailed on the river of yellow flowers and been carried by the green stream. Ten thousand laps around the mountain in less than thirty miles.
The rapids buzzed on the piled rocks, but the light dimmed among the dense pine trees. The surface of an entrance swayed with nut horns, and weeds grew along the river bank.
Idle heart, Qing Chuan is so light. Please trade on the stone.
Drop the fishing line forever! . (Wang Wei's Qingxi) 4. What are water and mountains and islands?
(Cao Cao's Looking at the Sea) 5. Once you climb to the top of the mountain, you will see that all the other mountains look short under the sky ... (Du Fu's "Looking at Yue") 7. Mount Dongshan, Lu Xiao, Mount Taishan, a small world.
(Confucius) 8 Gushan Temple is in the north of Jiating West, and the water level is low. (Bai Juyi's Spring Tour in Qiantang) 9. How the water of the Yellow River flows out of heaven and into the ocean, which is gone forever.
(Li Bai's "Into the Wine") 10, the water is blue and blue, hitting the bottom. You can swim with the fine stones and look directly at them.
(Wu Jun and Zhu) 1 1, the water in August Lake here is an air with heaven. Ozawa's water vapor transpiration on the cloud soil is white, and the waves seem to shake the whole Yueyang.
I'm going to cross the water to find a boat and paddle. It's a shame to return home in the sacred age. Sitting around watching other people's hard river fishing can only envy the fish caught in the fish.
(Meng Haoran's "A Letter from Dongting Lake to Prime Minister Zhang") 12, scattered into Qi, Chengjiang quiet as practice-(Southern Dynasties) Qi. Xie Tiao's Go to Three Mountains and Come to Wangjing Town at Night 13, how wide the world is, how close the trees are to the sky, and how close the water is to the moon! -Tang Meng Haoran's "A Night's Mooring on Jiande River" 14, and the water is flowing down the thousands of feet. What's the fun of running water? Qi's "Dongchi Imperial Banquet" 16, Jiang ribbon, mountains like jade hairpin. Tang Hanyu's A Letter to Dr. Yan in Guizhou Using Nanzi 17, the water is clear and clear, and the mountains are empty and rainy. 20. "Guilin Landscape Song-He Jingzhi" is the god in the clouds, the fairy in the fog, and the mountain of Guilin! Love is as deep as love, beautiful as a dream, and love is like the water of Lijiang River! How much do water and mountains weigh? Water surrounds Guilin City ... Is it a mountain city or a water city? All in the green mountains and green waters ... Oh! This mountain and this water enter the heart, where does this body come from at this time? ..... The waves of the Yellow River and the wind beyond the Great Wall.
The trip to Guanshan is very heavy. I dreamed of painting on the sand table on the saddle: "Guilin's landscape is the best in the world" ... Oh! Is it a dream or a fairyland At this point, I am in Duxiufeng! Is the heart drunk or awake? The water meets the mountain and draws the screen! Picture-in-picture-Lijiang River as I am in Chikage, Song Song-Mountains echo each other from afar ... Wave and ask Laorenshan, how many years has the cloud covered the country? -Pearl-returning cave at the foot of Fubo Mountain, the knock on the door when the pearl is waiting ... Jilong Mountain sings a screen, green water and white sails come! The sad face of the earth is washed away by the spring rain, please look in the mirror of the mountain-ah! The mountains in Guilin come from the water of Lijiang River-the smile of the motherland is so beautiful! Before the mountains and rivers in Guilin entered, this scene was a soldier's heart-how charming and affectionate the mountains and rivers are, so that my white hair will never grow! Jiangshan people are proud of this, making me young and not old! Qixingyan went to the fairy society to welcome Liu Sanjie from the sky ... If you want to sing a new song, come with me! Third sister's folk songs are full of charm. Soldiers, tell the country to sing the motherland ... red flag brocade embroidery, look north and south! Sand storm beyond the Great Wall, waves of the Yellow River, Wan Li spring back to his hometown.
Under the red flag: young heroes are born everywhere-endless: all kinds of "extreme"! Full of meaning and feelings, just like the spring water of Lijiang River! Oh! Colorful sweat and rain: Guilin landscape-all over the world! .....1July, 959, old draft19665438+August 0, finishing (selected from Selected Poems of He Jingzhi, Shanle People's Publishing House 1979).