First, I sent a letter to the old envoy of the 12th Pavilion in Tongguan.
Han Yu
Jingshan has come to Huashan.
At sunrise, Tongguan opened four doors.
Don't say goodbye to the secretariat, and
Xianggong will break Cai Zhou back.
Appreciation
This poem was written on the way of the author's triumph with the army after the victory in Huaixi. At that time, Tang Jun arrived in Tongguan and was about to head for Iowa. The author wrote this poem as a marching Sima, and the fast horse submitted it to Zhang Jia, the secretariat of Huazhou, one to express the pride of victory and the other to inform the other party to prepare for the army. So the poem is entitled "Send it first".
"Twelve" is Zhang Jia's rank; Zhang Jia Ceng is a member of the provincial government.
At that time, officials in Zhongshu and Menxia provinces generally called it "Ge Lao"; because the Han Dynasty honored the state secretariat as "the envoy", the Tang people used it. This poem was once called Han Yu's "the first quick poem in his life" (Jiang Baoxuan), and its artistic feature is that it is a masterpiece full of personality in the quatrains of the Tang Dynasty.
The first two sentences describe the magnificent picture of the victorious army arriving in Tongguan. The name "Jingshan" covers Busan, which is located in Lingbao, Henan Province, more than 2 miles away from Huashan Mountain. Huashan Mountain is in the west of Tongguan, towering and towering, overlooking Qinchuan, far away; Listening to the Yellow River, the waves are surging and the scene is extremely magnificent. The first sentence was written from Jingshan Mountain to Huashan Mountain, as if the triumphant army had crossed a vast area in an instant, and it was very bold to write, which set a magnificent tone for the whole poem. Shi Buhua, a Qing Dynasty scholar, said it was concise and powerful, which was comparable to Du Fu's famous sentence "vast greens stretch across Qi and Lu, the two lands high.", and it was not excessive. Compare the first sentence of Guo Xiangcheng written by the author earlier on the same theme, "Say goodbye to Yancheng", which is similar to "Jingshan" in that it uses "row in the sentence" ("Yancheng, Xiangcheng"; "Jingshan, Huashan") overlapping form. However, "Yancheng" and "Xiangcheng" are just two passing place names; However, "Jingshan" and "Huashan" are emotional. In the eyes of the victors, the majestic mountains seem to be impressed by their great achievements and rush to express their congratulations. The personification technique is vivid. In contrast, the sentence "Yancheng" is flat.
in the second sentence, the author captures several outstanding images to describe the magnificent scene of welcoming the teacher to triumph, which is magnificent. At that time, it was snowy in the middle of winter, which made it look "lovely in winter". "Sunrise" was incorporated into the poem and combined with the specific historical content, and the meaning of the image became more profound. The sun rises, and the ice and snow melt, which symbolizes the temporary reversal of the separatist situation in the buffer region and the realization of "Yuanhe Zhongxing". The ancient fortress of Tongguan glowed in the bright sunshine. At this moment, four doors are wide open, which has changed from a narrow narrow pass where cars are not allowed to enter into a majestic "Arc de Triomphe". Although people are not written directly, the spectacular picture is hidden between the lines, leaving readers with a broader imagination space: the flag is hunting, the drums and horns are ringing, and the mighty army arrives at Tongguan; Local officials went out to meet each other behind closed doors; The people ate the kettle pulp, carried joy and ran, and lined the streets to comfort Julian Waghann. . "Writing songs and dances into the customs, without a word, is all about words, so it's wonderful" (Cheng Xuexun's "Han Poetry Hypothesis").
There was a debate among poetry critics in the Qing Dynasty about whether Tongguan City Gate was "four" or two. In fact, poetry is no better than geographical records, so it is unnecessary to stick to reality.
try changing "four fans" to "two fans", then it's not interesting enough to read. In a word, the weather and the realm are all out. Therefore, it is necessary to write like this only from the angle of artistic treatment. Besides, surprise is the characteristic of Korean poetry.
The last two sentences of the poem are changed to the second person's tone, and Zhang Jia, the secretariat of Huazhou, is informed by lyrical style that he is ready to kill the army. Tongguan is still 12 miles away from Iowa, so it is said to be "far". The soldiers who greeted the triumph from afar should have taken pains.
however, it's almost human nature to say this from the other side. Here, "don't say goodbye to Hou Yuan" is to accept the tone of the welcoming party, completely abandon the polite routine, but better express the proud modality and the master's mind, so it is extremely reasonable and reasonable. There is a corresponding sentence in "Crossing Xiangcheng", "Home Mountain doesn't need to come from far away to meet", although the words are different but the meaning is close. However, the former is humorous, relaxed and humorous, which is in line with the actual situation in the festive environment and is more interesting to read. The latter is confined to common sense, but it is difficult to fully express such artistic conception.
the fourth sentence "xianggong" refers to the actual commander-in-chief of Pinghuai army, and the prime minister Pei Du, whose great success in Huaixi was inseparable from his strategizing. "Cai Zhou" was originally the nest of Wu Yuanji, a strong vassal of Huaixi. In October of the 12th year of Yuanhe, Tang defeated Cai Zhou in Li Su hakodate and captured Wu Yuanji alive. This is the key battle of Pinghuai, so the poem uses "breaking Cai Zhou" as a substitute for the victory of Huaixi. The word "new" is called "pro", but the word "new" is especially wonderful. It not only contains the meaning of "pro", but also indicates that the decisive battle has just ended. At that time, the imperial court "rewarded Yuan Gong for a while", while people "celebrated Taiping during the New Year". That was the moment when the atmosphere of victory and pride reached its climax. The sincere praise of Pei Du in the poem reflects the author's attitude towards the United War. With the conclusion of Zhi Fu, the whole poem is gathered in one word, why the mountains run, why the sun shines high, why Tongguan is wide open, and who the secretariat is waiting for. Here is the general answer, which has become the point of the whole poem. Those who did not directly write triumph in the first three sentences should be straight in this sentence. This technique, like the appearance of important figures in traditional dramas, is very impressive.
Looking at the whole poem, one or two sentences are written all the way, three sentences are straight, and four sentences are straight, which can be called hard writing and expressing lofty sentiments. Because it has opening and closing in its rigidity, ups and downs, toughness in its rigidity, straightness and unevenness, it "rolls into a poem" (Cha Shenxing), which is full of charm. A political lyric poem, written in the form of a military notice, expresses the author's political passion, which is beyond the reach of ordinary entertainment works.