Generally speaking, the rhyme used in Chinese traditional metrical poems is one rhyme to the end, and "the same rhyme corresponds to the same rhyme"-the rhyme form of each sentence is mostly flat, which completely denies the value and historical position of metrical poems, which is very inappropriate and unfair and seriously violates the objective law and artistic law of poetry development. We discuss and study from the perspectives of poetry development history, rhyme history, poetry discipline, poetry aesthetics and comparative research. China's traditional metrical poems are imperfect, unscientific and irregular! (Not discussed here for the time being) As far as the rules of rhyme are concerned, in fact, rhyme poems should be treated equally with those of Pingze and should not be ignored.
From the Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties to modern times, some famous poets made further explorations, practices and attempts, and a large number of poems have been handed down to this day and are deeply loved by people. Especially the 300 popular Tang poems, which contain many rhyming poems, are timeless! Therefore, we should reconsider the value and historical position of rhyming poems. If we abandon metrical rhyming poems, then metrical poems will be less complete and perfect, or even weaker.
In fact, the rhyme used in China's traditional metrical poems is not a final rhyme, and a metrical poem is not a form of "corresponding rhyme"-a rhyme separated from other sentences. Most people mistake it for a single rhyme with only one rhyme, which is not the case. It should also include a double rhyme (there are two rhymes).
In a word, we can call the poems that conform to the traditional meter "formal style" and "formal style", and call other forms "abnormal style" and "variant style". Such induction and division is more conducive to the inheritance, development, creation, innovation and prosperity of modern traditional metrical poems. This division is not a matter of opinion, but the principle of respecting the laws of art, following the laws of scientific development and respecting the diversity of art. Art needs tolerance, art needs artistic individuality and style, and art needs new theories to guide new practice.
Next, I will make a preliminary discussion, research and exchange on the rhyme rules and techniques of China's modern traditional metrical poems.
The Classification of Rhyme in China's Modern Traditional Metric Poems
First, from the perspective of rhyme, it can be divided into single rhyme (AAOA) and double rhyme (Baba).
1, single rhyme type, including single rhyme, single rhyme and even rhyme.
A, single rhyme.
Example 1: Li Bai's Thought On a quiet night, with such bright light at the foot of my bed, may there have been frost? . Looking up, I found it was moonlight, sinking again, and I suddenly remembered home. "The whole poem has only" light ","frost "and" hometown ",which are tied for the same level and even rhyme department.
B, single rhyme and rhyme. Example 2: Cen Can's "Dream of Spring", "The bridal chamber rose in spring last night, recalling the beauty of Xiangjiang River from afar. Take a pillow and go to Jiangnan, Wan Li. " There are only "qi", "water" and "Li" in the whole poem, and they are all in the same rhyme.
C, single rhyme and flat rhyme (special case). Example 3: For the convenience of operation, put it in the form of double rhyme, as shown in the following example 6.
2, double rhyme (mostly cross rhyme). Example 4: Wang Bo's "The Wall of Puan Yin Jian" "Jianghan is infinitely deep, and Liang Min is unattainable. When will the wanderer return in the mountains and rivers? " The whole poem has two different rhymes. That is, one or three "poles" and "inner" are opposite; Second, the four "crawling" and "returning" are juxtaposed. Example 5: In Wang Wei's bamboo house, I leaned alone in the dense bamboo forest, playing the pipa and humming a song. It's too light for anyone to hear, except my partner, Mingyue. "The whole poem has two different rhymes. That is, "reason" and "knowledge" are harmonious; Xiao and Zhao are in harmony. Example 6: Lu Tong's "Egret", "Carve it into an egret, I am anxious to catch the scales. People don't know what idleness means when they are not stuck in the sand. "In the whole poem, even and even rhymes and oblique rhymes with rhymes are taken as a pledge. In other words, "Yi" and "Yes" are equal; Urgency and permanence are mutually assured.
Second, from the perspective of rhyme, it can be divided into: full rhyme, half rhyme, mixed rhyme and harmony rhyme.
1, full rhyme, including full rhyme flat (AAaA) and full rhyme oblique (BBbB).
A, the whole rhyme is flat.
Example 7: Li Shangyin's Screen, "Six songs are connected in series in Cui Wei, and a tall building wakes up in the middle of the night. So dense that you don't know when the rain falls and the moon sets. " In the whole poem, the words "Wei", "Shi" and "Zhi" are juxtaposed with the word "Zhe".
B, full rhyme. Example 8: Guan Xiu's "Sushen Village" "Go deep into the village for one night, and the chickens and dogs will make a big year. See the guests at dusk and take the fish pond water under the moon. " In the whole poem, the words "Li", "City", "Xi" and "Water" are all vows.
2. Semi-rhyming body can be divided into semi-rhyming flat-faced body (OAOA) and semi-rhyming oblique body (OBOBOB).
A, half-rhyme flat voice type. Example 9, Li He's "History of Horse" "The desert sand is like snow, and the Yanshan moon is like a hook. When you are a golden brain, step on the clear autumn. " In the four sentences, there are two "hooks" and four "autumn".
B, semi-rhyming. Example 10, Liu's "Jiang Xing", "Shadow hides in the mainland, Ye Chufei. Xiao Xiaochu sailed into the cold and rainy dusk. " , two "Pu" and four "Yu" bet.
3. Mixed rhyme, which can be divided into cross rhyme (BABA) and transliteration.
(1) Cross-rhyme can be divided into homophone cross-rhyme (aAaA) and allophone cross-rhyme (BABA).
A, the same rhyme department crosses. For example, 1 1, Zhu Qingyu's "Boudoir of the Ministry of Water Affairs", "The bridal chamber stopped the red candle last night and waited for Tang Xiao to see menstruation. After putting on makeup, I whispered to my husband, is thrush deep and fashionable? " The voices of "candle" and "husband"; "Gu" and "Wu" are flat tones, both of which belong to the rhyme department.
B, the cross of different rhymes, such as 12, Du Mu's "Guo Qin Zheng Lou", "The name of the Millennium Festival is empty, and Ruth has no inheritance. Only purple moss is partial, and it is covered with gold every year because of rain. " "Being" and "Meaning" in the poem; "Wu" and "Pu" are at the same level, but their rhymes are at the same level.
(2) Change the rhyme. Examples 13, Xu Ling's "Folding Willow" and "Trees on the Wind Bank". Wei is the main business. There are old songs in Jiangling and new voices in Charlotte. My concubine is opposite Changyang Garden. You climbed to Liucheng. See you in spring. The prodigal son is too heartless. The rhyme of "tree" and "song" is transformed into the rhyme of "yuan" and "Jane"; The main rhyme (rhyme), rhyme, rhyme, rhyme and rhyme remain unchanged. For example, 14, Du Fu's "Tanting the Chrysanthemum in Front of the Courtyard", "The chamomile in front of the eaves moves late, and the green core is difficult to pick. What's the advantage of getting drunk in the depression tomorrow? There are many fragrant flowers in the field beside the fence. Pick beautiful flowers to ascend to nave. The mill has grown branches and leaves, and the roots are gone. " The rhyme of "Cai" and "Yi" in the poem is changed to "Xiang", "Tang" and "Frost". The main rhyme (ending rhyme) has changed, and the two rhymes are bet, but the level tone is still bet. Example 15, Du Fu's "Three Poems of Autumn Rain", a, "Hundred grasses are brilliant in the autumn rain, and the steps are colorful. The leaves are covered with branches and feathers, and countless money is spent. The cool breeze blows you in a hurry, fearing that you will find it difficult to be independent in the future. The scholar in the class is blank, and the breeze smells fragrant and cries. " , b, "ups and downs one after another, the four seas are barren with the same cloud. If you go to Malay cattle, you will no longer be able to tell them apart. What is the difference? The ears of grain are dark and have ears, but there is no news of the farmer. It is better to talk about two sides than to change rice in the city. " , c, "Chang 'an cloth who than number, the nest gate guard ring plug. Old people don't plant Artemisia, and young children can walk in the rain without worry. The whizzing rain urged the early cold, and Hu Yan's wings were too wet to fly high. Qiu Lai has never seen this day. When will the soil dry? "Among these three poems, there are two poems, such as15" a "and15" b ".The first part is flat, and the second part is flat. Example15 "c" has a flat rhyme at the front and a flat rhyme at the back. The main rhyme and the ending rhyme are equally divided.
4, rhyming type, can be divided into:
A, AAOA, for example, 16: Chang Jian's "Looking for Li Jiuzhuang in Three Days", "Yang Lin took a rain break and went boating in Yonghe for three days. So people are on the peach blossom bank until the stream flows in front of the door. " The rhyme "head", "boat" and "flow" of the first, second and fourth sentences in the poem surround the third sentence to form a circle.
B) BBOB, Example 2: Meng Jiao's "Ancient Complaints" "Try my concubine and your tears, two drops of water. Look at the hibiscus, who died for this year. "
C, anti-time rhyme style (OAaA), such as 17: "Several times of spring sleep, screen window fans. In the hazy dream, it is still western Liaoning. " There are two lines in this poem, "Fan", "Li" and "Xi" around the word "sleep".
Thirdly, from the development of phonology, it can be divided into ancient rhyme and new rhyme.
Fourth, according to the density of rhyme, it can be divided into: sentence rhyme, sentence rhyme, sentence rhyme (beginning and end rhyme, waist rhyme, foot rhyme) and sentence rhyme.
1, rhyme, see rhyme.
2. See single rhyme, double rhyme and cross rhyme for each rhyme.
3. The sentences rhyme.
A, rhymes. For example, 18, Juyuan Yang's "Harmony Master Suo Xiucai Liu", "The dust silk at the water's edge of the willow bend will bother you to fold one at once. Only the spring breeze cherishes each other the most, and the diligence blows to the hand. " "water" and "silk" in poetry; "Li", "one" and "branch"; Wei and Wei are the rhymes of this sentence.
B, waist and tail rhyme Example 19, Wei Yan's "Happy New Year's Eve, the imperial palace waits on the imperial palace" "It is not ridiculous to meet an old friend on the lake. In the Ming Dynasty, the back door was still built and bamboo was repaired. " The "new" and "human" in the poem are integrated.
C, foot rhyme. For example, 20, see the above example 18. In "I'll trouble you to break a branch right away", "one" and "branch" are tied together.
4. rhymes outside the sentence. The rhyme outside this sentence. See example 18.
Five, from the repetition of words, it can be divided into: overlapping rhyme and overlapping rhyme.
1, rhyme. Example 2 1, Zheng Gu's "Egret", "The spring pool is full of smoke at leisure, and the reeds are cold when sleeping. After the fisherman returned to Sha Ting late, he was more free to fly down the beach. " , the poem "sou", overlapping words into rhyme.
2. Emphasize the rhyme of words. Example 22, Du Fu's "Three quatrains" "The year before last, Yuzhou killed the history of stabbing, and this year, Kaizhou killed the history of stabbing. Thieves play with tigers and wolves, and cannibals prefer to keep their wives. " The word "history" in the first sentence and the word "history" in the second sentence in the poem are the same, and the words used are very heavy.
(Note: the letter A indicates the flat rhyme of the homophonic part, and A indicates the light tone of the homophonic part; The letter B stands for different rhymes, and B stands for different rhymes. The letter o stands for a word that doesn't rhyme. )
These are the thoughts of ancient poets' practical exploration, so we should study, understand, study and explore. On the basis of ancient people's practice, we should make fewer detours and forge ahead to promote the development, prosperity and innovation of China's modern traditional metrical poems. Only by keeping pace with the times and actively absorbing fresh elements and components can China's modern traditional metrical poems produce great new vitality.
Because some materials are still being studied, researched and sorted out, and will be gradually improved, we will discuss, learn and communicate with the majority of poets enthusiastically. )