In the twenty-sixth year of the Kaiyuan period of Gao Shi, a guest came back from the imperial censor Zhang Gong from the fortress. He wrote "Yan Ge Xing" to show that he was suitable and felt about the conquest and garrison, so he made peace
The smoke and dust of the Han family are in the northeast, and the Han generals will resign and destroy their families.
A man is naturally proud of himself, but the emperor gives him great honor.
The gold and drums are beaten down to Yuguan, and the jingles are meandering among the Jieshi rocks;
The captain's feathers fly into the vast sea, and the hunting fire of Shan Yu shines on Langshan.
The mountains and rivers are bleak and borderless, and the barbarians riding on the mausoleum are mixed with wind and rain.
The warriors are half dead in front of the army, but the beauties are still singing and dancing under the tent.
The desert is poor and the grass is blocked in autumn, and the lonely city is fighting with few soldiers at sunset.
When encountering kindness, one often underestimates the enemy, and even though one has exhausted all his strength, he has not been able to clear the siege.
The iron clad soldiers have been working hard for a long time, and the jade chopsticks should cry after separation;
*** The south of the city is about to be heartbroken, and the soldiers are looking back at Jibeikong.
It’s possible to enjoy the gentle breeze in the courtyard, but how can it be so vast in the vast expanse of land!
The murderous aura forms clouds at three o'clock, and the cold sound spreads throughout the night.
Looking at each other, there is a lot of blood, how can you never care about death?
You have not seen the hardships of fighting on the battlefield, but I still remember General Li!
"Yan Ge Xing" is the representative work of Gao Shi's frontier fortress poems. Historically, various writers have used this poem to satirize Zhang Shougui, the governor of Youzhou. After carefully checking the historical facts and referring to other poems, the poet was full of sympathy for Zhang Shougui's conviction due to the defeat and vigorously defended his injustice: "The doctor attacked Hu in the east. Hu Chen did not dare to get up... He had great achievements at that time, but he was slandered at the end of his career." ("Farewell to Nephew Shi Yan in the Song Dynasty") Therefore, "Yan Ge Xing" may mainly criticize those of Zhang Shougui's subordinates who "relyed on bravery to advance lightly and were captured by the captives." The defender was defeated.
The poem can be divided into four levels, the first one is written about Chu Shi. It is a common practice in Tang poetry to refer to Tang Dynasty through Han Dynasty. The eight sentences explain the cause of the outbreak of the war and the pre-war situation, vividly depict the majesty of the Tang army's march, and express the heroic ambition of the soldiers who generously joined the army and dedicated their lives to the country. The next eight sentences were about the failure of the battle. First, write about the remoteness of the combat environment and the difficulty of the battle. "The warriors are half dead in front of the army, but the beauties are still singing and dancing under the tents." The two sentences form a contrast, vividly revealing the uneven joy and sorrow in the army, and become an eternal masterpiece that exposes the opposition between officers and soldiers in feudal society. For soldiers, the dangers and hardships are expected, but the uneven joys and sorrows are unbearable. Then, "big", "poor", "Phi", "solitary", "fallen", "rare", a series of adjectives, describe the defeat of the battle and the desolate and sad atmosphere that enveloped the battlefield, as well as the "spreading gold and beating drums" "Xia Yuguan, Jing Jie meandering among the Jieshi" formed a strong contrast with the high morale. The two sentences of "Shen Du", mixed in the narrative, point out the reason for the failure of the battle: the border general's parents were spoiled and greedy for merit, intoxicated with sex, and underestimated the enemy when approaching the border, resulting in the blood of the soldiers on the battlefield. The eight sentences on the third level transcribe the warrior's emotions. Using the broken heart of *** to set off Zheng Ren leads the southward gaze in vain. The harsh and monotonous military camp life of fighting during the day and keeping watch at night highlights the despair of the soldiers who have lost the joy of the world and returned to the world without any hope. The writing style is gloomy and desolate, and it further condemns the generals who caused the cruel and prolonged situation of the war. The last four lines of the poem conclude with admiration for the sacrifice spirit of the soldiers and the memory of Li Guang, an ancient general who was good at fighting and caring for his soldiers. In conclusion, God has passed through thousands of years, remembering and reverie, and the aftertaste is endless.
"Yan Ge Xing" is an ancient Yuefu title. Since Cao Pi, literati have created many works, but most of them have not gone beyond the narrow theme of "the south of the city of *** wants to be heartbroken". The poet broke the stereotypes, expanded the scope of artistic expression, deepened the theme of poetry, wrote about current events with old Yuefu inscriptions, profoundly revealed the shortcomings of the border defense policy, denounced the injustice in the army, criticized the general's greed for favors, incompetence and corruption, and mourned the expedition of the soldiers. He defended himself for a long time and made unnecessary sacrifices, and expressed his ideals of border defense. This was considered very creative before the emergence of Du Fu's "instantly famous" Yuefu poems.
This seven-character song is written with vigorous writing and majestic momentum. It is good at choosing to describe typical plots and scenes, and forming sharp contrasts from multiple angles. The description of the natural environment and the depiction of the characters' psychology are intricately intertwined and truly moving. There are many neat pairs of sentences in the poem, and the poetic thoughts are full of ups and downs, jumps and changes. The rhymes are alternating between straight and oblique rhymes, with four sentences in one turn. Many sentences are also in rhythm with oblique and oblique rhymes. They are read with cadence and rhythm, and the syllables are bright and clear, closely matching the thoughts and feelings. But the most eye-catching thing is the coordination and unity of narration, description, lyricism and discussion, which reveals the tone of political commentary in the rich poetic and painting style. This is the main feature that distinguishes Gao Shi's frontier fortress poems from other frontier fortress poets. The predecessors said that "Gao's poems focus on quality, while Cen's poems focus on skill and scenery", "(Gao) Changshi's poems are full of spirit, the peak of his words is superb, and his appreciation is almost beyond the ordinary expression." (Quoted from "Tang Yin Guishan" 》Volume 5) may be referring to this.
Shi's poems are full of conjectures and have strong spirit, so his writings are appreciated by both the government and the public. Chapters such as "Yan Ge Xing" are full of strange sentences. (Yin Fan's "Collection of Heroes in Heyue")
In this chapter, Dafu appears and appears like a dragon in the clouds. If it is not governed by the four guest and host laws of ancient Chinese, it will be difficult to see the meaning. In the four-guest-host method, one master is the master, like the only master of a family; two masters, the guests, are like the master's wife, concubines, children, grandchildren, slaves, and the slaves, that is, the master's clones are in charge of domestic affairs; three guests are the master, just like the master Friends and relatives are those who do things other than the protagonist; among the four guests, guests are like friends of friends and have nothing to do with the protagonist.
Among the four, except for the guest within the guest, the subject within the subject is also only seen once. The article is composed of the subject within the guest and the subject within the subject. This is the case in the eight majors. The main character in "Yange Xing" is the general Li Mu who is good at raising soldiers and can defeat the enemy. At the time of Dafu, there must be some generals who did not care about the soldiers, so they wrote this poem. As for the host and guest, "The warriors are half dead in front of the army, and the beauties are still singing and dancing under the tents." "Looking at each other with white blades and snow falling, I never care about Xun in the festival of death." This is the four-line saying ("Qi Gu Xun" means "Death is the death of a soldier," Gong means "general's merit"). The rest are all guests. From "the smoke and dust of the Han family" to "the siege has not been resolved", it is said that the army encountered the enemy. This should be followed by "Bianting" and so on, but it is straight and boring, so the four words "***" and "Zhengren" are used in the middle. "Don't you see" and so on, it is the right intention to end the relationship. The article should be written from the front. If the article is written with this intention, it must be mentioned that Li Mu was good at raising soldiers and able to defeat the enemy, so as to inspire the frontier generals. The poem uses "Xing" to compare the side, so "General Li" is mentioned in the right way, which makes people seek deeply and get it. Therefore, it is said: "Those who speak are not guilty, but those who hear it are enough to be warned." Wang Youcheng's "Yan Zhi Xing" only has the correct meaning of "Finally knowing that the general will attack first", and the method is the same.
(Volume 2 of Wu Qiao's "Poems Around the Fireplace")
There are many sounds in the sky, and they are naturally melancholy. Among the parallel language, he can only stop and stop, and open up infinite methods for future generations. He should be the ancestor of the seven-character (ancient) non-repair.
([Qing Dynasty] Song Yuren's "Poems of the Three Tang Dynasties")