Why aren't you ecstatic? New tears overwhelm old ones, and heartbroken people remember heartbroken people. (Wang Shifu "Yao folk songs in December? The poem expresses the sadness of young women's lovesickness after leaving from four angles: fear of dusk, not forgetting me, new tears and heartbroken people. )
2. Lyricism by borrowing scenery is an indirect lyric, which expresses the author's feelings through the description of real scenery.
Smoke cage cold water moon cage sand, night parking near Qinhuai restaurant. The businesswoman doesn't know how to die, but she still sings "back garden flowers" across the river. (Du Mu's Bo Qinhuai) (The first two sentences describe the scenery, and the last two sentences are lyrical. The scenery is not a clear moonlit night in Wan Li and a cloudless blue sky in Wan Li, but a foggy moon shrouded in cold water and white sand. The scenery is so bleak and the atmosphere is so cold, which adds atmosphere and color to the author's anxiety in the last two sentences. The two scenes blend into one, seamless. )
3. Expressing one's will with things is an indirect lyric, that is, expressing one's wishes and wishes through the description and narration of things.
Drop a wisp of water to clear the dew, and let out the sparse tung. Cicada is far away from cicada because cicada is on a tall tree, not relying on autumn wind. (Yu Shinan's "Chanting Zen")
The image of cicada described in the poem is: cicada hangs its tentacles, sucks clean dew on the branches, and cicada chirps from sparse buttonwood trees. Living in a high place, crying naturally travels far, not relying on the power of the wind. In poetry, what the author really wants to express is his feelings about life: all noble people are always strict with themselves and constantly improve their self-cultivation, so their good reputation can spread far and far without relying on others to brag. It can be seen that writing cicadas is the foundation, and expressing your feelings and ambitions is the real purpose. )
4. The blending of scenery melts the author's subjective feelings in the description of scenery, so that poetry can achieve "the unity of things and me", and it is impossible to tell which is "scenery" and which is "emotion".
Building a house is under the condition of people, and there are no horses and chariots. When he asks you what you can do, his heart is far from biased. Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence: leisurely seeing Nanshan. The mountains are getting better and better, and the birds are back. That makes sense. I forgot what I wanted to say. (Tao Yuanming's drinking)
The four underlined sentences, on the surface, depict the scenery, but in fact they imply the poet's emotional realm of being detached from the world, loving nature and staying away from officialdom. Here, both "scenery" and "emotion" are written, and the two are inseparable, that is "emotion". )
5. The combination of static and dynamic refers to the description of dynamic or relatively static people, events and scenes.
When the moon is dark and windy, the fishing lamp is high, and the firefly is lonely. Slight wind and waves, scattered like river stars. (Check Shen Xing's Night Book Seen on the Ship)
The whole poem depicts the scenery the poet saw on the boat at night in a simple way. The first two sentences are static and the last two sentences are dynamic. )
6. Comparing static and dynamic is one of the methods of comparison, that is, describing, rendering and comparing static and dynamic, that is, expressing dynamic in dynamic description.
People are idle, osmanthus flowers fall, and the night is quiet and empty. When the moon comes out, the birds are startled, and the sound enters the spring stream. (Wang Wei's Bird Watching Creek)
The scenery written in the poem, such as falling flowers, rising moon and singing birds, are all moving scenes, and at the same time, through these moving scenes, the silence of the spring stream is more prominent. "Tonamiyama is more secluded", the quieter it is. Here bread contains dialectics. )
7。 Writing sadness in a music scene is one of the methods of contrast, ostensibly describing a happy scene, but actually expressing a sad mood.
The article Peacock Flying Southeast describes the scene of marrying Liu Lanzhi. "Speak fast, flowing ... 400 to 500 people, Yu Yu is at the county gate." The more lively the scene, the stronger its sadness.
8. In the process of discussion or lyricism, the poem based on scenery came to an abrupt end, and it turned to writing scenery, ending with scenery instead of emotion, which made the poem "ruthless at this time is better than emotion", which is still lacking.
The new sound of pipa dance is always the old love. I can't hear the dazzling edge, and the high autumn moon shines on the Great Wall. (Wang Changling's Seven Armies)
The first three sentences of this poem are all lyrical about music. When it comes to "worrying about the border", the word "endless" is used. So how can the ending sentence achieve this "endless" feeling with a limited number of seven words? At this time, the poet gently opened the pen and tied a knot with the scenery. As if after buying wine and drinking music in the army, there suddenly appeared a vast desolate scene of shooting the Great Wall for a month; The ancient and majestic Great Wall is full of ups and downs, the autumn moon shines brightly, and the scene is magnificent and sad, which deepens the poet's thoughts and feelings. Is the defender deeply homesick or eager to make achievements at this time? Is it anxiety about reality or deep love for the motherland? ..... unknown, leaving readers unlimited imagination. )
9. Layout is the expression of "Fu" in The Book of Songs. "People who tell the truth tell the truth" means telling stories from many angles.
"... five steps to the first floor and ten steps to a cabinet; Corridor waist back, eaves high; Hold the terrain, intrigue. ..... "(Mutu's Epang Palace Fu)
(Here, the article is about the number of pavilions and pavilions in Epang Palace, the peculiar structure and the ingenious layout, which reflect the majestic momentum of Epang Palace. )
10. Render one of the techniques of traditional Chinese painting, and then use it to refer to writing techniques such as emphasizing and repeating in many aspects in literary and artistic creation to highlight people and environment.
The plane tree leaves in Jinjingbian are yellow, and the night pearl curtain is not rolled out to see the frost. The jade pillow in the fumigation cage has no color, and you can listen to the Nangong for a long time. (Wang Changling's Autumn Poems) (The first sentence describes autumn scenery's rendering of the atmosphere in the palace on a cold night. )
1 1. The positive contrast in comparison is originally one of the traditional painting techniques in China. Also known as "clouds shine on the moon". Post-borrowing refers to a writing technique, that is, to highlight a certain emotion or image of a character through the description of a specific environment and atmosphere. Specifically, it means not saying the original intention, but only saying things related to it, so as to achieve the purpose of setting off the original intention. This technology is often combined with rendering technology, which is easy to be confused.
..... new thin, don't take off sick wine, don't sad autumn. ..... (Li Qingzhao's "The Phoenix Terrace Memories Xiao")
(I want to make it clear about the suffering of acacia, but I don't say it directly. I use "not sick wine, not sad autumn" to set off)
12. Huadian (transformation) reprocesses and recreates the previous written works and the language created orally by the masses, giving them new content and artistic conception. It can be divided into three types: word articulation, content sublimation and artistic conception development.
The sky is blue, the ground is yellow, the west wind is tight, and the wild geese fly south in the north. Whoever gets drunk at dawn always leaves people with tears. (Wang Shifu's "The West Chamber")
There are so many beauties in Jiangshan that countless heroes compete for beauty. (Mao Zedong's "Qinyuanchun")
As long as she turned her head and smiled, a hundred spells were cast, and all the powder and paint in the sixth house went up in smoke. (Bai Juyi's Song of Eternal Sorrow)
(1) Fan Zhongyan "Su Mu" in the "blue sky, yellow leaves" period of words. (2) Su Shi's famous phrase "picturesque mountains and rivers, how many heroes at one time" period. (3) Ending Wei's poetic realm of "Beauty smiles, and many women are at ease". )
13. Using allusions is also called using things. It refers to a rhetorical way of quoting words from historical stories or ancient books to understand one's own views. The use of allusions is both explicit and implicit.
Xin Qiji (Yong Yule? The word "Gubeiting in Jingkou" quotes five historical stories, including Sun Quan, Emperor Wu of Song, Liu Yilong, Huo Qubing and Lian Po. Praise sun quan and emperor Wu of song for their achievements in resisting the enemy with nostalgia; Criticize the hasty and adventurous behavior of the rulers of the Southern Song Dynasty like Liu Yilong; Compared with Lian Po, I show my loyalty to my country, although I am old.
14. The combination of reality and fiction, true writing, refers to the direct and positive narrative and description of people or things. Fictional writing refers to narrative and description with marginal notes or contrast. The combination of reality and fiction, that is, the two techniques are used simultaneously in narrative and description.
There are crows in Bai Shu and osmanthus in Coody Leng in the atrium. ..... (Wang Jian's "Looking at the Moon at Fifteen Nights")
The poet began to write "the earth" and "the crow" instead of the moon, but let us clearly feel the existence of the moon, because "the earth is white" and "the crow that perches" are the results of the bright moon. As the ground is in Bai Rushuang, crows can be seen. It can be seen that although the poet didn't write "When is the bright moon", we feel "When is the bright moon" everywhere, so he actually wrote it. )
15。 When we praise or criticize something, in order to convince others in advance or prevent others from refuting it, we often criticize what we want to praise from a certain shortcoming and praise what we want to criticize from a certain advantage. This rhetorical device is called inhibition. There are two kinds of inhibition: 1. If you want to suppress it first; If you want to suppress the law, you should be promoted first.
You should cherish the moss on your shoes' teeth and buckle Chai Fei for a long time. But this spring spring, after all, can't be caged. Look, there is a pink apricot sticking out of the wall. (Ye Shaoweng's "The Garden is Worthless") (The poet who wrote the first two sentences of the poem took the opportunity to visit the garden and was rejected; In the last two sentences, the poet got something else. When he sees all the love, there is a gap between his feelings, with regret in front and happiness behind. What is adopted here is the method of promoting first and restraining first. )
16. Reduplicated words use the same polyphonic words in succession for the need of expression. This rhetorical device is called reduplication. Looking around, lonely and sad. ..... (Li Qingzhao's "Slow Singing")
The fourteen overlapping words at the beginning set a sentimental tone for the whole poem and rendered the lonely life scene and deep sadness of the poet in his later years. )
17. In the context of intertextuality, two relatively independent words complement and penetrate each other in meaning, and * * * expresses a complete meaning. This figure of speech is called intertextuality. There are two common forms of intertextuality: seeing in sentences and seeing in sentences. Translation is easy to make mistakes, so pay special attention to it.
There was a bright moon in Qin Dynasty, and it was closed in Han Dynasty (Wang Changling's "The Great Wall")
Bright Moon and Guancheng in Qin and Han Dynasties. The moon was bright in Qin dynasty and the city was closed in Han dynasty. )
18. Image combination (montage-style picture combination) Montage is the expression form and method of film art, which mainly refers to life fragments and scenes connected by lens groups. The scene changes from time to time with the development of the plot, giving people a clear sense of image.
Dead vines and old trees faint crows, small bridges and flowing water, old roads and thin horses, sunset, heartbroken people on the horizon. (Ma Zhiyuan's Qiu Si) (This word has different landscape images composed of nine juxtaposed nouns, such as "withered vine", "old tree", "faint crow", "small bridge", "flowing water", "family", "ancient road", "west wind" and "thin horse". They are cleverly organized in a picture, rendering a bleak and desolate atmosphere in late autumn, thus implicitly highlighting the sadness of travelers. )
19. Line drawing and meticulous line drawing were originally a kind of brushwork to outline objects with pure ink lines and no color in China ink painting. Later, it was borrowed from literary writing, which refers to a description method of drawing vivid and vivid images with concise pen and ink without rendering. Meticulous brushwork, originally a brushwork of painting, later refers to the meticulous and colorful depiction.
After washing, I boarded the river pavilion alone and leaned against the bar to stare at the river. After all, this is not Qian Fan. Full of water, Bai Pingzhou is heartbroken. ("Wen Tingjun
This word uses line drawing to describe the feeling that a woman looks forward to her lover's return from morning till night.