Poetry prevailed in the Tang Dynasty; Ci and prose prevailed in Song Dynasty; Sanqu and Zaju prevailed in Yuan Dynasty, and novels prevailed in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Tang poetry, Song poetry, Yuan Qu, Ming and Qing novels.
Specific introduction:
The most remarkable literary achievement of the Tang Dynasty is the Tang Poetry. Since Chen Ziang and the "four outstanding poets in the early Tang Dynasty", famous poets in the Tang Dynasty have emerged one after another, including Li Bai, Du Fu, Cen Can and Wang Wei in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, Li He, Han Yu and Bai Juyi in the middle Tang Dynasty, and Li Shangyin and Du Mu in the late Tang Dynasty. Their poems have different styles, including rich imagination of the mythical world and detailed description of real life, including passionate frontier poems, gloomy and heavy "poetic history" and fresh and refined pastoral poems. The isomorphism of these poems has become an outstanding representative of China's literary achievements. Although there were still outstanding poets in the later Song, Ming and Qing Dynasties, the overall level of regular poetry and ancient poetry was not as good as that of Tang Dynasty poets, which made Tang poetry an insurmountable peak of China's ancient poetry.
the literature of the song dynasty was well developed, and great achievements were made in grasping poetry, ci and prose. With the revival of Confucianism, the traditional study of Confucian classics entered a new stage of "Song Studies", resulting in the emergence of new Confucianism, that is, Neo-Confucianism, which made the prose of Song Dynasty flourish and undertook the ancient prose movement. Ouyang Xiu's prose is clear in theme, rich in content and natural, which lays the foundation for the style of Song Dynasty prose. Among the three Su Dynasties, Su Xun's articles are good at discussing, and the style of writing is magnificent and simple. Su Shi's articles are free and easy, fresh and bold, with some melancholy, and his unshakable position in the literary world is confirmed by articles such as Red Cliff Fu. His disciples are also quite promising. Chen Shidao, Huang Tingjian, Qin Guan, Zhang Lei, Chao Buzhi and Ying Li are known as the "Six Gentlemen of Su Men".
Yuan Dynasty literature is mainly composed of Yuan Qu and novels, and its research on history is also very prosperous. Compared with the Yuan Dynasty, the poetry of the Yuan Dynasty has few achievements and relatively poor contents, but Yu Ji is the chief writer and Liu Wei is the main poet. ? In the Ming Dynasty, Wang Shizhen said that "Yuan has no literature", but narrative literature such as operas and novels became the dominant position for the first time. The Yuan Dynasty gave birth to Yuanqu in North China, while the literati class with Zhejiang as the center appeared in the south of the Yangtze River, giving birth to novels such as Romance of the Three Kingdoms and Water Margin. Free and unrestrained literati such as Yang Weizhen and Ni Zan distributed flowers of civic culture in cities.
novels are the highest artistic achievement in Ming literature, and a large number of novels, short stories and parodies are created with the themes of history, supernatural beings, legal cases, romance and citizens' daily life. Some literati processed and rewritten the scripts of the Song and Yuan Dynasties, and also created pseudo-scripts. "Sanyan" and "Erpai" are the representative works of this kind of script and parody. Three Four Great Classical Novels novels in the history of China's novels-The Journey to the West, Water Margin, Romance of the Three Kingdoms and Jin Ping Mei-were written in the Ming Dynasty. Feng Menglong's three collections of vernacular short stories, Sanyan (namely, Yu Shiming Yan, Jing Shi Tong Yan and Xing Shi Heng Yan), consist of 4 pieces each, with * * * 12 pieces, which mainly describe the love stories of young people and the life of ordinary people. The most famous ones are Du Shiniang's angry chest, Jin Yu Nu's stick hitting a fickle lover, and transporting Han to meet a cave by chance. Similar to Sanyan, each collection of forty short stories includes Er Pai edited by Ling Mengchu and Xing Shi Yan (edited by Lu Renlong) which was discovered in 1987. The development of traditional elegant literature continued in the Ming Dynasty, with famous literati including Liu Ji, Song Lian, Gao Qi, Fang Xiaoru, Tang Yin, Gui Youguang, Xu Wei, Wang Shizhen, Yuan Hongdao, Qian Qianyi, Zhang Dai and Wu Weiye. Sanqu writers include Wang Pan, Feng Weimin, Xue Lun Dao, Chen Yi, Kang Hai and others.
There are many outstanding novels in the Qing Dynasty, and A Dream of Red Mansions, such as Cao Xueqin, is considered to represent the highest level of China's classical novels. Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio, Scholars and condemnation novels in the late Qing Dynasty all had great influence.