First, let's review the knowledge of poetry.
First, what is modern poetry? Compared with classical poetry, modern poetry is also called modern poetry. It refers to the metrical poem style formed in the Tang Dynasty, which has strict regulations on the number, number of words, parallelism, antithesis and rhyme level of sentences, mainly metrical poems and quatrains.
Second, what is law poetry? The words in this poem are very neat. It is divided into five words and seven languages (referred to as five laws and seven laws). (2) a specified number of poems. Generally, each song has eight sentences (more than ten sentences are called except or long). (3) The middle two couplets must be couplets. Every two sentences are couplets, and eight sentences are four sentences, which are head couplet, parallel couplet, neck couplet and tail couplet (the last couplet) in turn. Among them, the upper and lower sentences of parallel couplets and necklaces must be antithetical sentences. Also, the upper sentence in each couplet is called antithesis, and the lower sentence is called antithesis. (4) There are strict requirements for temperament. The second sentence, the fourth sentence, the sixth sentence and the eighth sentence rhyme (the first sentence can be put on or off), and usually it rhymes until the end. The word in each sentence is flat and even, and the flat and even in the upper and lower sentences are opposite, and there are two kinds of "flat and even".
Third, what is a quatrain? Each song is divided into four sentences, with five words and seven words as the main ones, referred to as five quatrains, seven quatrains, and occasionally six quatrains. Rhythm is the same as metrical poetry, but not necessarily the opposite. You have mastered all the above knowledge, which is not only useful for this course, but also very useful for your future study and reading. What kind of art palace will the poem "Mountain in Autumn Night" bring us? We waited with envy. First of all, we have a brief understanding of poets, which is helpful to understand poetry. Wang Wei (70 1—76 1) was born in Zhou Pu (now Yongji, Shaanxi). Kaiyuan nine years (72 1), Jinshi. Tired officials to ministers right cheng, known as. In his later years, he lived in Wangchuan, Lantian. Poetry is as famous as Meng Haoran and is called "Wang Meng". He wrote some frontier poems in the early stage, but the most important one is pastoral poetry, which preaches hermit life through the description of pastoral landscapes; Exquisite objects, vivid descriptions and unique achievements. Su Shi once praised: "There are paintings in poetry and poems in paintings." The author of Wang Youcheng's works.
Let's grasp the scene of poetry as a whole. What pictures did they bring us? Think about it first. Well, I understand you sentence by sentence.
The first picture, "The mountains are empty after the rain, and the autumn colors stand in the evening"-in the early autumn in Shan Yu, everything is new, the trees are lush, the air is fresh, and the mountains are quiet, just like a paradise.
The second picture "Moonlight in its Pine Forest"-dusk, the bright moon rises in the sky, and the silver moonlight penetrates the branches and leaves of pine trees.
The third picture is "Crystal Stone in the Stream", which is a clear spring flowing through the rock. In the moonlight, it is like a white silk shining in the wind and floating in the wind. What a beautiful mood!
The fourth picture is "Bamboo Language for Laundry Women to Go Home". There was a silvery laughter from the bamboo forest. It was a group of hardworking and simple mountain village girls who had just washed their clothes and came back smiling in the moonlight. Maybe it's for something happy, fighting and chasing in the bamboo forest, and laughter is coming from outside the bamboo forest.
The fifth picture, "Lotus leaves before a fishing boat"-the dense lotus leaves fall to both sides, the lotus leaves shake and the water ripples. It turns out that the fishing boat downstream is lightly passing through the lotus bushes, and the disturbing moonlight of the lotus pond is cutting the tranquility of the mountains. Summary: The cool autumn after the rain in the empty mountains, the bright moon in the pine forests, the sound of clear springs on the stones, the laughter of women in Huan Yi village, and the dynamic, harmonious, perfect, colorful, picturesque, quiet and dynamic movement of fishing boats in the lotus bushes constitute a fresh and beautiful picture of rural life. Let's see how beautiful the picture left by the poet is. You have to understand that Su Shi called him "painting in poetry, and poetry in painting".
Ok, let's learn more about the artistic conception of poetry. What is "artistic conception"? The meaning here is the author's subjective feeling (feeling); "Scene" refers to the objective world (scene), and the integration of the two becomes the artistic conception. Therefore, the artistic conception is a beautiful artistic realm created by the poet with various artistic techniques, and it is a feeling of blending scenes, virtual reality and reality, and the connection between things and me. It is the perfect unity of poetry and painting. Then, what kind of artistic conception will a deep autumn night bring us? On an autumn night in the deep mountains, Wang Wei stood empty after the rain. The bright moon shed clear light from the cracks and cleared the fountain on the rocks. The bamboo forest is sonorous, the washerwoman returns, and the lotus leaves are swaying to get on the canoe. Spring spring might as well give it a rest, and the autumn sun can stay on the hills for a long time.
Wang Wei's landscape poems have a prominent feature. He wrote about the realm of tranquility, not the realm of excitement. That is,' both static and dynamic' or' both static and dynamic'. The same water flying, Yun Qi, bird singing and flower hair may be just a lively arrangement in other poets' works, but in Wang Wei's works, it is just a quiet interest. There is such a poem in Wang Wei's poem. Look: in the rustling autumn rain, a shallow pomegranate falls. The jumping waves gradually changed, and the egret was shocked.
("Luan Family Color") Hibiscus flowers with red calyx in the mountains; The mouth of a stream is silent, without a trace. They open and fall. ("Wu Xinyi") People are idle and osmanthus flowers fall, and the night is quiet and the mountains are empty. When the moon comes out, the birds are startled, and the sound enters the spring stream.
This kind of poetry is full of dynamics, some of which are lively, but the artistic conception is still very quiet. These noisy guys on paper did not destroy the artistic conception that the author tried to create at all, but were the main force that constituted this artistic conception. Can you say it's not strange at all?
Through the description of autumn colors, this song "An Autumn Night in the Mountains" shows that the mountains are still beautiful, peaceful and quiet, and thus draws the conclusion that people can continue to live in seclusion in the mountains. The first two sentences are easy to understand, needless to say. Here are four sentences in the middle. In the middle four sentences, the author fully describes the autumn dusk scene, which is the' autumn harvest' pointed out in the title. Let's compare how other poets write autumn. You see:' the court wind blows leaves, and cold sand is exposed under the steps.' (Tao Yong)' Listening to the rain and cold is even worse, and opening the door leaves deep.
(The monk has nothing to say)' The flowers are fragrant and the lotus flowers are sparse. (Sikongshu) When they write autumn, it is easy to write a sad story, but Wang Wei wrote Qiu Ge in The Empty Mountain so vividly: "There is moonlight in the pine forest and crystal stone in the stream. The first sentence is what you saw, and the next sentence is what you heard. The bamboo forest is sonorous, the washerwoman returns, and the lotus leaves are swaying to get on the canoe. I heard the last sentence and saw the next one. The scenery and people at that time were outlined so beautifully.
It seems that there are many exciting things here; However, the excitement of these bright moons, clear springs, Huan women and fishing boats is not in contradiction with the quiet tone that the author wants to express, but is closely combined with each other. Just like those two well-known poems,' cicadas make the forest quiet, and the sound palace mountain is more secluded', writing about the dynamics of things is not to destroy this quiet realm, but to set it off. From these noisy scenes, people naturally feel a kind of peace and tranquility, and they feel a kind of fresh vitality in tranquility, so people feel that they are not lonely and gloomy, not desolate and terrible. It has a completely different style from those lonely and thin poets who write quietly, and it is bound to be lonely and sad.
Let's take a look at Weng Juan, a poet of the Southern Song Dynasty who is known as one of the "Four Spirits". When he was in Yandang Mountain, he wrote down his feelings:' Shan Mei's back is thin, and ducks are cold with the tide. Although the smooth road is wide, the mountain is difficult to sprint. "Orchid steaming empty nunnery is bad, and snow presses small nunnery. The fruit fell, the monkey came to pick it up, and the forest left by itself. " He used the words thin, cold, confused, difficult, empty, faint, bad and unique. It made him seem very quiet, so he had to fall into a lonely way. Many landscape poets can't break this circle, which leads to silence and even death. However, silence does not mean silence and indifference (if not to describe silence and stillness). As long as we know the relationship between static and dynamic, it is not difficult to understand why Wang Wei's excellent landscape poems are different, and static and dynamic are both opposite, unified and complementary. At the end of the poem, the poet used "my friend's prince, spring has passed and you are still here. What does it matter?" Pointed out that he was willing to stay in the mountains. Translated into modern Chinese, that is to say, many flowers and plants in spring and summer have withered now. Let him go (so-called' whatever')! Hermits in the mountains (so-called' Wang Sun', which is a general term, including the author) can fully appreciate these charming autumn scenery, and there is no need to go to Chushan. He collected the whole poem and pointed out the author's intention in writing it.
Well, it's about time. After listening to this lesson, what have you learned and what do you think? You can write reading notes after class. Everyone memorizes this poem, too.
An autumn night in the mountains
Tangwangxu
The empty mountains are bathed in a new rain, and feel the early autumn at night.
The bright moon shed clear light from the cracks and cleared the fountain on the rocks.
The bamboo forest is sonorous, the washerwoman returns, and the lotus leaves are swaying to get on the canoe.
Spring spring might as well give it a rest, and the autumn sun can stay on the hills for a long time.
Note: 1. Dragon: Sunset, night. 2. Huannv: the girl who washes clothes. 3. Spring break: The flowers (flowers and plants) have withered in spring. Rest: dissipate. 4. When you are here, oh, a friend's prince? : Wang Sun, the floorboard of aristocratic children, here refers to the author himself. Stay: stay. There is a saying in "Chu Ci Zhao Hermit" that "Wang Gui can't stay in the mountains for a long time", and its meaning is reversed here.
The main idea of this poem is:
The first link: There has just been a rain in Silent Hill. This autumn night, silence adds fresh and cool air. (time, place, season)
Couplet: the bright moon shines silently from the gap in the pine forest, and the clear spring flows on the rocks. (Dynamic and static combination-quiet and elegant moonlit map in the mountains)
Necklace: laughter came from the bamboo forest, and that was the girls who washed clothes came back; The lotus leaf shook, and it was the fishing boat that went down the river that cut the tranquility of the moonlight in the lotus pond. If you don't see him, smell his voice first, so as to set off static electricity-a simple, beautiful and energetic picture of life.
Tail joint: let flowers wither in spring. I naturally want to stay on this beautiful mountain. (pointing out the feeling of seclusion)
Theme concept:
This poem depicts the beautiful scenery of the mountain village and the simple lifestyle of the villagers in the evening after the rain in the clear autumn of Chu, and shows the poet's interest in landscape and pastoral life and his seclusion and ease of mind.
This poem mainly solves the problem
First, what kind of thoughts and feelings does this poem express?
Second, the appreciation of the content of scenery description
Blackboard writing:
Shou Lian xian kong noodles
Lines 3 and 4 of Lushi (Rhyme)
Static and simple-combining static and dynamic, expressing emotions with dynamic contrast and static scenery.
Visual hearing
The fifth and sixth lines form a couplet.
William likes to live in seclusion and express his feelings directly.
(Natural beauty, beautiful life)
Teaching process:
I. Introducing new courses:
China is a country of poetry. After the pioneering and innovation of poets in the early Tang Dynasty, poetry, a literary genre, ushered in its heyday in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. The lofty and magnificent voice of the prosperous Tang Dynasty became the mainstream of poetry. Li Bai's bold and elegant poems and Du Fu's gloomy and frustrated poems have formed the peak of Tang poetry, and the pastoral poems represented by Meng Haoran and Wang Wei have attracted worldwide attention with their fresh and natural styles and unique artistic charm. Today, let's walk into Wang Wei's pastoral world and appreciate the mystery.
Second, reading appreciation.
1, problem solving: mountain residence in autumn night
2. What did the poet feel in the autumn night in the deep mountains?
The first couplet: stick to poetry and point out the time, place and season.
It creates an ethereal, fresh and elegant environment for the whole poem.
Epiphyseal neck joint:
Dynamic and static combination, dynamic and static combination: moonlight (static) in pine forest, crystal stone (moving) in stream-cicada forest is quiet, Tonamiyama is quieter.
The combination of vision and hearing: the bamboo whispers that the washerwoman comes home (hearing), and the lotus leaves yield before the fishing boat (vision).
Conclusion: There are not only pictures but also sound pictures in the poem, which embodies a kind of natural beauty and life beauty.
3. What kind of emotion did the poet send out in the face of such beautiful scenery?
Love rural life, love and be content with seclusion.
Third, a few questions.
1. The poem clearly says "Huannv" and "Fishing Boat". Why did you write "Empty Mountain"?
The activities of "Huannv" and "Fishing Boat" are to set off the quiet and empty mountains; Dense forests in the mountains cover people's activities; This is the poet's feeling. It's as lonely as heaven. (for reference)
2. About "Wang Sun", it can refer to the children of ordinary nobles or the hermit of poets.
Supplement:
1, Wang Wei is a representative figure of the pastoral school of landscape poetry in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, with the same name as Meng Haoran, known as "Wang Meng" in history. He inherited and carried forward the landscape poems initiated by Xie Lingyun, and was unique, which made the achievements of landscape pastoral poems reach the peak and occupied an important position in the history of China poetry. Because he often looks at everything with the eyes of a Zen master, his poems have a kind of beauty of tranquility, openness and silence that other poets can't reach. In particular, the dynamic images in his description of nature in A Moment are so pure and quiet and full of Zen, such as: "People are idle with osmanthus fragrance, and the night is quiet and the mountains are empty." When the birds are startled in the moon and the springs are singing. Famous sentences such as "Bird Watching Creek" and "Moonlight in the pine forest and crystal stone in the stream" ("Mountain in Autumn Night") often purify readers' hearts and give people endless reverie. Su Shi praised his rubbings, which contained pictures; Look at the picture. There are poems in it. The author of The Wang Youcheng Collection.
Autumn Night in a Mountain is a five-character poem written by Wang Wei who lived in Wangchuan, Lantian in his later years.
Wang Wei's Thought: Wang Wei, his father died young and his mother believed in Buddhism. At the age of 20, he became a scholar, but his career was bumpy. Middle-aged people suffered setbacks and gradually embarked on the road of self-protection and self-destruction, and their thoughts became increasingly negative. From the 28th year of Kaiyuan (740) to the 3rd year of Tianbao (743), Wang Weixian lived a semi-official and semi-secluded life in Lantian, Shaanxi in his later years. Autumn Night in the Mountain is a masterpiece of this period.
2. Talking about pastoral poetry
The pastoral poems originated from the philosophy of Laozi and Zhuangzi were written by Yu, Daxie (Xie Lingyun) and Xie Tiao, and flourished in the Tang Dynasty by Wang Wei and Meng Haoran. Landscape pastoral poems mainly describe beautiful scenery and harmonious rural life, and express the author's desire to live in seclusion in the mountains, be proud of misty clouds and be free and unrestrained because of lack of talent, cynicism, aversion to officialdom or poverty. The theme of Wang Wei's poems represents the achievements of pastoral poetry in Tang Dynasty.
This is an idyllic poem. What images did the author choose to describe several beautiful pictures? Please draw a specific picture in the textbook and name it "-picture".
Qing: (1) Image: bright moon, pine tree, clear spring, rock, bamboo, huannv, lotus flower, fishing boat.
(2) Figure: (the first part) Empty mountain autumn rain map; (turn to link) moonlight spring forest map;
(Necklace) Rural residential map.
Author Huang Changqing