Common sense of literature:
Wang Jian, the word Zhong Chu.
He is good at Yuefu poems, with similar themes, styles and books, and his works are known as "Yuefu in Zhang Wang".
The official words 100 were widely circulated at that time.
This is Wang Sima.
Writing characteristics and artistic characteristics
Poetry is set in the first person and narrated directly in the tracker's self-reported tone, which is divided into three parts:
(1) always describe the pain of the tracker being enslaved.
(2) Describe the tracker's work day and night.
③ Write about the tracker's helpless psychology and desire.
The whole poem describes the life state of the tracker, shows its psychological evolution and depicts it carefully.
The language of poetry is popular as a whole, but sometimes there are concise and accurate sentences, and each sentence is lingering.
Ideological content
Describing the hardship and pain of the river chasers reflects the heaviness at that time and embodies the author's humanitarian feelings of sympathy for the tragic fate of the lower class poor.
This poem is a Yuefu poem, that is, a famous article, which is a self-created topic.
47. Bai Juyi's "Light Fat"
1, Bai Juyi, word Letian, late Mr. Zuiyin, Xiangshan layman.
2. Advocates of the New Yuefu Movement clearly put forward the literary proposition that "articles should be written in time, songs and poems should be written for things" in Nine Books with the Same Yuan, and opposed the creative tendency of "playing with snow and gardening".
He divided his poems into four categories: allegory, leisure, sentimentality and miscellaneous methods.
(1) His satirical poems inherit the tradition of realism, care about people's livelihood and get to the point of practical disadvantages. His masterpieces include Qin Zhongyin and A House of Pleasure.
(2) The Song of Eternal Sorrow and Pipa Xing in the poems of chanting for the bosom have made great artistic achievements. Bai Juyi's poetic style is simple and popular, similar to that of Yuan Zhen, and is called "Bai Yuan Style". There is Bai Changqing Collection.
Hierarchical structure: the whole poem is divided into four layers.
1, the first four sentences are rarely described, and then it is pointed out that the target of the attack is eunuchs.
2. Write four sentences about eunuchs going to dinner.
3, and then learn the scene of banquet in the army in six sentences, highlighting its luxury.
4. The last two sentences are pushed to the national conditions at that time, showing the thrilling scene of the drought in the south of the Yangtze River and the hungry people eating each other.
This is an allegorical poem, selected from Qin Zhongyin's seventh poem.
Light and fat: light and fat horses, from "The Analects of Confucius Yongye", "Riding a fat horse and wearing light fur", here refers to the luxurious life of dignitaries.
After the middle Tang Dynasty, one of the manifestations of court political corruption was the eunuch's autocratic power. Historically, it is said that "when the power moves down, the government is in the hands of officials, and when the hand is stretched out, it will have weight."
This poem truly reflects this reality with the brushwork of "directly distributing things to them", exposes the extravagance and arrogance of eunuchs, and has a strong critical spirit. Therefore, "as soon as you smell Qin Zhongyin, the power of those who are either rich or expensive will change color."
Artistic feature
Bai Juyi's new Yuefu poems often "show ambition with green chapters" and often show people with reason. However, the last two sentences of this poem show the cruel fact that "there is a drought in the south of the Yangtze River, and people in Quzhou eat people", which is in sharp contrast with the previous description, effectively revealing social injustice and shocking people.
Bai Juyi
48. Bai Juyi's "Shang Yang White-haired Man"
Ideological content
Through the tragic experience of Shang Yang's ladies who lived in seclusion in the deep palace all their lives, they accused the feudal supreme ruler of choosing concubines widely.
Content structure (for example)
This poem is divided into five parts.
The first part, from the beginning to "I am old and disabled", writes down the environment of Yang Palace and the life experiences of the old ladies.
The second part, from "reminiscing about the past, bidding farewell to relatives" to "staying empty all my life", recalls the past when she entered the palace.
The third part, from "staying in an empty room, the autumn night is long" to "four or five hundred things return to the circle", specifically describes the lonely years of the ladies in Shang Yang Palace.
The fourth part, from "Today's Maid-in-waiting is the oldest" to "Tianbao's Last Makeup", describes the twilight situation of Shang Yang's ladies.
The last part of this poem, Zhang Xianzhi, directly wrote the poet's feelings.
An analysis of the image of Shang Yang's maids.
1. Poetry created a typical image of a white-headed maid-in-waiting.
2, Shang Yang maid-in-waiting, cardamom, entered the deep palace, endured tears and relatives, lived alone, isolated, cold and lonely, hopeless to leave the palace.
3. Explain the sadness, resentment and despair of the old ladies-in-waiting under feudal oppression.
Artistic feature
1, the language is easy to understand, the style is simple and natural, and there are folk songs.
2. Adopting the sentence pattern of "three, three, seven" and the thimble rhetoric commonly used in folk songs, the phonological conversion is flexible.
3, mainly narrative, constantly interspersed with scenery description and psychological portrayal, coupled with concise lyricism and discussion, vivid image.
49. Eternal songs of sadness
Content structure of poetry
This is a long narrative poem, showing the whole process of Li Yang's love tragedy.
According to the plot development, it is divided into four parts.
The first part: the love life of Li Longji and Yang Yuhuan and Li Longji's debauchery during the Xuanzong period of Tang Dynasty;
The second part: Li Longji was very sad when the Anshi Rebellion broke out and the imperial concubine died;
The third part: Write Li Longji's infinite yearning for Yang Yuhuan after returning to Chang 'an;
The fourth part: Taoist priests found the loyalty of Yang Yuhuan and Yang Yuhuan in fairyland, and the last two issues are entitled Song of Eternal Sorrow.
Briefly analyze the characteristics of this poem, describe the emotional activities of the characters, and promote the development of the plot.
1. Narrative poetry, with vivid and complete stories, shows rich and magnificent artistic imagination, and is infected with sad and strong lyrical color, which enhances the artistic appeal of poetry.
2. The plot is vivid and tortuous. The Liyang incident itself is bizarre and unique; The poet carefully conceived.
For example, after the Mawei Incident, Li used a lot of space to describe his endless yearning for Yang Yi Road, Shu Zhong, Jing Zhong and Gong Zhong, and described his inner activities in detail, which gave birth to a series of plots such as Taoist seeking and wonderland.
3. Make the characters fuller, the tragic atmosphere stronger, and the lyric theme "Song of Eternal Sorrow" stronger.
Analysis of the theme of this poem, the author's subjective intention and objective effect in writing this poem.
(1) beautify the court love tragedy. I can't help being moved and admired by Li Yang and his feelings. The author deeply sympathizes with the separation of life and death between Li and Yang, and satirizes the dissoluteness of Li and Yang.
② The tragedies of Li and Yang are based on historical facts and legends, and are integrated into artistic imagination and processing creation.
(3) The first half satirizes Li Yang's extravagance, but his original intention is to sympathize with the tragedy of love and praise the true love on earth.
(4) The poet enthusiastically sang this kind of suffering, loyalty and fraternity in the tragedy, which has infinite vitality.
Analysis of Li Longji and Yang Yuhuan.
1. In terms of characterization, it highlights Li Longji's early pursuit of debauchery and wrong country and his sincere love for Yang Yuhuan in his later period, focusing on Yang Yuhuan's charming love and loyalty to Li Longji in Penglai Wonderland.
2. The author goes deep into the character's heart, such as the following words: "Fly on the throne, while he meditates in the dusk." The third paragraph describes in detail Li Longji's psychological activities from evening to late night, late night, dawn and early morning;
Another example is "The Message of the Special Envoy of the Emperor and Lady in China", which describes Yang Yuhuan's feelings of shock, excitement, fear, urgency, sadness, injustice and gratitude. As Huang said, "every word is deeply rooted in human feelings and stings people's hearts."
Explain the application and effect of rhetorical devices such as duality, parallelism and truth in poetry.
The language is beautiful, lively, natural and fluent, and it is a swan song in ancient Long song by using various rhetorical methods such as duality, parallelism and authenticity.
For example, "In heaven, I wish I were a wing bird, growing together on the earth, two branches of a tree ..." Write their affection for duality and pun.
"The clouds of her hair, the petals of her cheeks, the golden ripples of her crown when she moved, were covered by warm hibiscus curtains in the spring night, but the spring night was short and the sun rose quickly, so the emperor gave up his early hearing from then on" is the thimble, which shows that the Tang emperor loved Yang Guifei and neglected political affairs.
"Looking back and smiling, a hundred beauties are born, and the makeup of the sixth palace goes up in smoke" is an exaggerated contrast technique, which shows the beauty and love of Yang Guifei.
"Spring rain on pear blossoms" is a metaphor. Even if Yang Guifei cries, it shows her beautiful face.
50. Yuan Zhen's "Regret for the Past"
Yuan Zhen, the word is subtle.
Together with Bai Juyi and Li Shen, they started the new Yuefu, and they were both advocates of the new Yuefu movement. Like Bai Juyi, it is called "Bai Yuan".
His ancient and modern poems also have many excellent works. There is "Evergreen Collection of Yuanshi County".
Ideological content:
1, this is a seven-character poem.
I miss my dead wife. I write daily trivia, touching scenes and thoughts in husband and wife's life in plain language.
3, straightforward, simple and touching, known as a model of mourning poems.
This paper analyzes four trivial matters of life and the last direct expression in the poem, which shows that this poem is good at choosing the details of life.
Through the selection of expressive life details, the sense of mourning for many years runs through a word "sadness" and is sincere.
The first couplet confirms the "joke" of the dead wife's past with the scene of "in front of her eyes", which means that the voice, smile and past of her dead wife seem to be in front of her eyes, but the sadness is hidden below.
(2) Zhuan Xu wrote that all the clothes of his dead wife had been donated to charity, but the clothes sewn by himself could not bear to be used as a permanent memorial.
(3) The poet who wrote poems in his neck remembered the old love, and the slaves who served Wang Qi also got special favor; Because I obey the instructions of my dead wife's dream, I send money to my relatives and friends. The middle two couplet * * * wrote four trivial things about life, which reflected the poet's deep sorrow.
(4) The poet of the couplet first wrote that it is common for a husband and wife to die, but the deceased wife shared the trouble with herself, and now the injury is shocking and sad. Finally, the whole story is related to "Pepsi Mourning".
Zhang was born in Jiangnan restaurant, and Wang Jian was worried about water.
A drought exposes bureaucrats, and the sun shines high and the white hair mourns the maids.
The dragon hates Li Yang's life and death, and Yuan Zhen mourns his wife Pepsi.
5 1, Li Ping's quotations from Li He
Li He, whose word is Chang Ji, is called "Li Changgu". There are Li Changji's songs and poems.
Poetry is full of inappropriate feelings, which can "deeply stab the shortcomings of the times and hit the heart of the present world." He is good at Yuefu poetry, with rich imagination, magnificent colors and romantic artistic characteristics, but he is often too elaborate and grotesque.
Liu Lang: Liu Che, emperor of the Han Dynasty.
The poem 14 sentence, * * * is divided into three parts.
1, write the first four sentences, interspersed with music introduction, player name, time and place.
2. The phrase "Kunshan" directly describes the sound quality characteristics and emotional color of music.
3. The last eight sentences describe the sound effect with strange imagination and vivid and sensible images, and the poetic scene is remote and memorable.
Ideological content
1, this is a Yuefu poem, which is a famous piece describing music.
2. With rich artistic imagination and a series of strange metaphors, the author vividly describes Li Ping's skills, the beauty of tunes and strong appeal, and also permeates the poet's feelings and sentiments about music.
3. This poem is known as "copying the sound to the text".
Artistic feature
Conceive new methods and win by novelty.
1. Only two sentences are used to describe the music itself, that is, "the phoenix cries when Kunshan is shattered, the lotus cries, and the vanilla laughs", and a lot of pen and ink is used to render the moving effect of the music.
2. Poetry uses a variety of artistic techniques, with the help of strange imagination, empathy for things, and virtual writing, turning abstract hearing into concrete and sensible images, which is quite romantic.
52. Li He's "Song of Golden Bronze Immortals in Han Dynasty"
The Yuefu poem *** 12 is clear and divided into three parts.
The first four sentences are based on the funeral of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, lamenting that time flies and life is hard to last.
In the middle four sentences, write the sad shape of Jin Tongxian when he first left the Han Palace.
The last four sentences are about the bleak scene on the way back to the city.
Ideological content
1. This is Li He's epic masterpiece, which expresses the mourning of Jin Tongxian's death when he went to the Han Palace.
2. I entrusted the poet with the pain of his home country and the sadness of his life experience, and I was deeply saddened by his hopeless career and no way to serve the country.
Artistic feature
1, rendering atmosphere and creating artistic conception.
He is good at exaggerating the tragic atmosphere and creating a sad mood.
Autumn wind, Ma Si, sweet-scented osmanthus, moss, sour wind, bright moon, pale orchid and other scenery all have the characteristics of late autumn and the subjective color of decline and sadness.
2. Make good use of anthropomorphic techniques.
For example, when the moon is with Han, tears are like lead water, sending blue flowers to see guests off, especially the phrase "If the sky is affectionate, if the sky is old" is extremely strange.
Zhang was born in Jiangnan restaurant, and Wang Jian was worried about water.
A drought exposes bureaucrats, and the sun shines high and the white hair mourns the maids.
The dragon hates Li Yang's life and death, and Yuan Zhen mourns his wife Pepsi.
Li played China, and Jin Tongxian shed tears first.
53. Du Mu crossed Huaqing Palace.
Du Mu, the word Mu Zhi. There are "Collected Works of Fan Chuan".
He was conceited about his ability to save the world, but he was in the decline of the late Tang Dynasty, his arms were hard to show, and he was unwilling to indulge. He sometimes indulges in debauchery and debauchery, so deep indignation and charming amorous feelings coexist in his works.
Poetry, fu and ancient prose go hand in hand, and poetry has the highest achievement. Together with Li Shangyin, it is called "Little Du Li".
Ancient poetry is heroic, vigorous and vigorous;
Modern poetry is delicate and refreshing, with clear style, and seven poems are especially profound and graceful.
Content structure
1. Looking back at Mount Li from Chang 'an, the first two sentences of the poem are beautiful, the palace is magnificent and regal. However, the opening of thousands of households for the second time makes people imagine what great things will happen.
2. The third sentence introduces the subject, and the juxtaposition of two seemingly unrelated images "a strange world of mortals" and "the princess's laughter" makes people think and leaves suspense.
Until the last sentence reveals the connection, naming names is just an absurd move to satisfy one's appetite. The love and arrogance of the imperial concubine, the debauchery and loss of government of Xuanzong, are all on paper.
Just the contrast between the first two formal descriptions adds a bitter irony.
Ideological content
This poem chooses the key historical fact of "galloping forward", exposes the absurd behavior of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty at the expense of people and money in order to win the favor of Yang Guifei, and effectively attacks the arrogance and extravagance of harem concubines, which can be called "a masterpiece in the history of quatrains in Tang Dynasty"
Choosing historical facts to expose the absurd behavior of the rulers has the meaning of satirizing the present by borrowing the past.
This paper analyzes the artistic effect of the juxtaposition of "a strange world of mortals" and "laughing princess" in this poem.
The third sentence, "A strange princess of the world of mortals laughs", is as easy as lifting weights, but it is of great significance.
Xie Fangde's Notes on Selected Poems of Tang Dynasty in the Southern Song Dynasty said: "When you go to Chang 'an, the color of litchi in Tianbao Room of Ming Di remains unchanged, and the imperial concubine is happy. States and counties are called Italian by the rapid spread of mail. Ma Su is stiff and looks at each other. "
The juxtaposition and naming of these two images is just an absurd move to satisfy one's appetite. Criticized the arrogance of the imperial concubine and the dissolute politics of Xuanzong, and added irony to the previous two sentences.
54. Du Mu's The Early Goose
This is a poem about objects.
Creation background
In August of the second year of Tang Wuzong Huichang (842), the northern Uighurs invaded the south, and the people in the frontier were harassed and fled.
Du Mu was the secretariat of Huangzhou (Huanggang, Hubei) at that time. After hearing the news, he was deeply worried about the people in the border areas, so he wrote this poem to express his concern and sympathy.
Ideological content: sympathize with the people in the frontier and satirize the ruthlessness of the imperial court.
4. Analyze the figurative techniques (artistic features, content structure) used in poetry.
Generally speaking, the symbolic meaning of metaphor is used to express feelings. On the surface, every sentence is written about the early goose, but in fact every sentence is written about refugees.
1, the first couplet writes that geese fly south early and scatter because of bows and arrows, which is a metaphor for the panic and displacement of border people.
2. Lianyuan wrote that the geese flew through the capital Chang 'an, which was desolate, suggesting that the court was insensitive to the sufferings of the people and contained the poet's sarcasm.
3. The latter two couplets put themselves in the goose's shoes: since Hu rides horses everywhere and can't return to the north in spring, it is better to stay in the south for a while and live in Xiaoxiang.
On the surface, telling every word to the geese is actually a pity for the refugees and a helpless relief.
55. Li Shangyin's "Stability Tower"
Li Shangyin, whose real name is Shan, is Yuxi Sheng and Fan Nansheng. There are poems by Li Yishan.
He was frustrated all his life, and he had political ambitions. He expressed his feelings of being out of touch with the times and frustrated in life, and there are a lot of sentimental love poems that satirize the present through the ancient times.
In art, he has both strengths and weaknesses, and his achievements in the seven methods are particularly high. His poems are novel in conception, gorgeous in style, profound in conception and intriguing, and some of his works are obscure and puzzling.
Du Mu and Wen are also called "Little Du Li" and "Arts and Sciences".
Content structure
The whole poem is full of ups and downs, but the context is clear.
1, the first couplet deducts the topic and writes about the building.
2. Zhuan Xu turned to lament his life experience, and only described the experiences of Jia Yi and RoyceWong, two former sages. His situation and mood have come clean.
3. The Necklace has expressed its ambition and broad realm, showing a positive attitude towards life, which can be called the policy of the whole police, and thus won the praise of Wang Anshi in the Song Dynasty, thinking that "although old, it should not be overdone".
William used Zhuangzi's fable to show that he had lost his wealth, and told some people not to be a gentleman.
Explain the allusions used in poetry and their functions.
The film uses appropriate and flexible allusions.
Jia Sheng is young, and RoyceWong goes upstairs, which coincides with the author's situation and feelings.
Fan Li's allusions are hidden, such as salt entering the water, leaving no trace. The allusions of teenagers and owls are in sharp contrast, both frank and frank. It's cynicism again
56. Li Shangyin's Untitled
Content structure
This poem is to commemorate an unforgettable banquet.
1. Write the banquet time in the first sentence, and use the word "last night" to write that the stars are shining and the spring breeze is swaying, which has been missed.
2. The location of the banquet is in the back hall of your house, "painting the building" and "Guitang", which is extremely gorgeous and luxurious. The banquet is unforgettable because it has an unforgettable beauty (when it is your woman).
Three sentences, three sentences and four sentences say that you can't connect with a beautiful body, but your mind can correspond.
4, five, six sentences write a warm scene of the banquet, send a hook to shoot the cover, although it is divided into Cao, it is intentional. The poet was deeply intoxicated, so he felt the wine was warm and the lights were red.
5, there are no two sentences to listen to the drums. When I walked to Lantai, I remembered last night and couldn't help but feel lost and stand up. The intersection of the frustration of practicing love and the lamentation of life experience makes this poem add a melancholy and sad color to its beautiful and smooth style.
57. Li Shangyin's "Jinse"
This is a lyric poem about the author's self-injury.
Artistic feature
1. Original meaning and symbolic meaning of poetic allusions.
The two couplets in the middle are full of fun and rich associations, and the four allusions are symbolic, which makes people feel, but it is difficult and unnecessary to point out the facts one by one, which provides the possibility of multi-development, and readers can only imagine and try to figure it out.
(1) "The Butterfly Dream of Zhuang Sheng" comes from "Zhuangzi's Theory of Everything", which means that the past is like a dream;
2 "Wang Di Ming Juan" Wang Di was the monarch of ancient Shu. After he lost his country, he became a cuckoo. Metaphorically speaking, it is difficult to complain about your sadness, and you can only rely on poetry;
(3) Tears of the Moon Pearl lamented the fate of the Ming Dynasty being buried;
(4) "Warm as jade smoke" means that a person's ideal is out of reach.
2. The whole poem combines the thought of police strategy with the abstruse code and gorgeous rhetoric. It is a model work of the seven laws of the Tang Dynasty, and it is also a masterpiece of "Shenbo Li Jue" style.
Yishan Poetry: The article is profound in meaning, profound in content and beautiful in wording.
58. The Suwu Temple in Wenwen
Wen, whose real name is Qi, whose word is Fei Qing, whose name is Wen Fangcheng, is a teaching assistant. There is a collection of Wen Feiqing.
Wen's poetry works are in parallel with his own, and his poetry works are colorful in body and matter, and hung with memories of the past. His travel works are affectionate and fresh, and are as famous as Li Shangyin, and they are also called "Wen Li". And "the sound that can be played one by one is a beautiful word", which plays an important role in standardizing the metrical form of words and becomes the representative of flower style.
3, with Wei Zhuang, also known as "Wen Wei". There are 66 anthologies of Huajian Ci.
Content structure
1. The first sentence begins with the scene of Su Wu meeting with Ambassador China, and describes his strong and complicated emotional reaction when he suddenly meets Ambassador China, which is summarized by the word "ecstasy".
The second sentence is composed of figures and temples, which makes Suwu Temple look ancient and solemn, paving the way for remembering Su Wu below.
2. The couplet is cold, the moon is full of homesickness, and the next sentence says that the grass is full of sorrow and the sheep come home late, which vividly shows the monotony, loneliness and deep pain of Su Wu's confinement life in 19.
3. Take the distance from the first sentence, write what Su Wu saw and felt when he returned to Japan, and reveal that things are different, as if it were a lifetime ago.
4. The couplets show Su Wu's mourning for Emperor Wu after his return to China.
Ideological content
Su Wu upholds national integrity and upholds national dignity.
In the late Tang Dynasty, when the author lived, the country was declining and changing frequently. It is of special practical significance for poets to carry forward national integrity, praise loyalty and unyielding, and care for the motherland. This poem has become a masterpiece of its kind because it has successfully created the image of a white-haired and dedicated minister of China.
Artistic feature
1, what a coincidence: "Zhang Jia, Ding Nian" on the necklace (after returning to China, he found that his country had changed because he left it with a young hat and sword) is a coincidence, which is what the poetry critic said.
2. Contrast: This couplet reads "Go back to Japan" first, and then "Go back". The poet calls it "inverse Rafa" and thinks that "this connection can be made in poetry, turning stagnation into jumping."
In terms of emotional connotation, recalling Back to Japan is more emotional than Back to Japan and Back to Japan.
A patriot who has gone through a lot of hardships and returned with a white head will naturally be unable to help but sigh when he sees the scene of things dying and recalls the original scene when he was in his prime.