1, there is no pause in English, use comma instead.
2. There is no book title in English, and the usage of period in italics or quotation marks is second only to comma in English, which is usually used to indicate the end of a sentence. Common usage is as follows:
1) is used in declarative sentences to indicate the end of sentences, and can also be used after mild imperative sentences or polite questions.
2) Used after some abbreviations.
3) Used as a decimal point
Usage of comma
The adverbial at the beginning of a sentence is often used to separate the following words and serve as an independent adverbial.
Separate dates, math, places. Separate a name from a title, title, or inverted name.
Use a separate address after Hohhot's letter address or after honorific words.
Usage of semicolon semicolon is a veritable separator. It cannot be used to end a sentence. Usually used between coordinate clauses. Generally speaking, the function of semicolon is between period and comma, and the relationship between the two parts separated by semicolon is closer than that separated by period, but not as close as that separated by comma. Semicolons usually have the following uses:
1) is used to coordinate clauses to separate main clauses (usually) which are not connected by conjunctions. These clauses are considered to be closely related and belong to one sentence.
2) Used before a clause guided by words such as, for example, that is, in fact, that is, for example.
The usage of colon is a supplementary and coherent symbol, which is used to draw readers' attention to the following contents. Colons are often used in formal and solemn questions, and the specific usage is as follows:
1) List the words indicating enumeration, explanation or explanation.
2) Lead out a long formal quotation or a long quotation.
3) Used after address forms in letters or speeches (comma is commonly used in British usage).
4) Used between time and minutes (full stop is commonly used in British usage), between ratios, and between Bible chapters.
5) Separate the title and subtitle of the book title.
The usage of question mark The question mark is the symbol used after the question, which is mostly used in dialogue and rare in written expression. The general usage of question marks is as follows:
1) is used after interrogative sentences or euphemistic imperative sentences.
2) Used in brackets to express doubt or uncertainty.
Usage of exclamation mark Exclamation marks are used to express strong feelings, such as amazement, appreciation, appeal, determination, or emphasis and command. Exclamation marks are usually used in the following ways:
1) is used to emphasize the tone of the command or attract attention.
2) Express exclamation, praise, ridicule or joke.
The usage of hyphens In English, hyphens have many functions and flexible usage. Usually hyphens are used in the following ways:
1) is used as a compound word.
2) Used between affixes (or combined morphemes) and roots (or words).
3) Used to avoid semantic or phonetic confusion of words or to separate words.
4) Used in two place names, two numbers or between times, meaning "to".
5) Used for word transfer. However, when moving, we should pay attention to the following conditions: ※ Single words cannot be moved alone, for example, the strength should not be divided into steng- and th.
The inflectional forms should not move separately, for example, work should not be divided into work- and ing. ※ 。
Numbers and abbreviations should not be moved separately, for example, 25759 and UNESCO should not be divided into 257- and 59, UNES- and Co. ※.
Words that are easy to cause ambiguity should not be moved separately, such as pictures and nests, which should not be divided into legs and tails, ears and nests. ※.
There should not be only one letter left at the end of the line after migration. For example, like and alone should not be divided into a- and like, a- and lone. ※ 。
Words with affixes should move at affixes and roots, for example, unimportant and disabled should move at unity and importance, dis- and appendages respectively. ※.
Compound words should move between compound components (double hyphens can be used at the end of a line, and hyphens can also be added at the beginning of the next line). Note: hyphens should not be mixed with dashes, which serve to separate several parts of a sentence, and the length of hyphens is half that of dashes. ※.
The use of dashes is a symbol used to emphasize mood, indicating a sudden change in meaning, and often acts as a colon, semicolon or comma. Its usage is as follows:
1) means that the discourse is suddenly interrupted, which means suddenly turning or hesitating.
2) Lead out the emphasized words.
3) words that separate unqualified modifiers, appositives or additional components.
4) Introduce general words.
5) Indicate the citation source.
6) Used between two place names or twice, meaning "to",
Usage of quotation marks There are two kinds of quotation marks: double quotation marks and single quotation marks. In fact, double quotation marks are more common than single quotation marks, which are more common in newspaper headlines. You can use quotation marks in the following ways:
1) is used for direct speech. Pay attention to the relative position of other punctuation marks and quotation marks in the sentence: comma and period are inside quotation marks (this is American usage, but British usage is often outside quotation marks). When quotation marks are used again, single quotation marks can be used (this is American usage, single quotation marks are outside, and double quotation marks are included in British usage). When more than one paragraph is quoted, quotation marks are located at the beginning of each paragraph and the end of the last paragraph. 2) Used to quote articles, literary works, songs, radio and television programs, paintings, etc.
The usage of apostrophe The apostrophe mainly has the following usages:
1) indicates a noun or the possessive case of indefinite pronouns. Composition rules: Do not add S to singular nouns ending in S, such as John's bike, do not add' such as student' room to singular nouns ending in S, and do not add' or' to singular nouns ending in S, such as Charles' brother/Charles's brother.
2) the plural number representing mathematics, symbols, letters or word forms themselves.
3) means to omit letters, numbers or words. Usage of brackets brackets are mainly used to supplement the content of sentences. Its function is equivalent to English brackets, and the specific usage is as follows:
1) includes illustrative words such as examples, quotations, references and supplementary explanations.
2) Attach a number or letter indicating enumeration.
3) Enclose the words that can be omitted.
4) Include the place of publication, publisher and year of publication in the notes.
5) Attach optional contents.
Usage of square brackets Square brackets are usually special symbols used to express opinions, comments or correct written content. Its usage is as follows:
1) Quote other people's words and insert your own explanatory or critical words.
2) Revise the original text.
3) Include stage hints in the script.
4) Put parentheses in brackets.
The usage of ellipsis is also called ellipsis, which is usually used to indicate the omitted part of the quotation or the unfinished part of the discourse, and can also indicate the intermittent pause in the discourse.
The asterisk is sometimes used to indicate ellipsis, but this usage has gradually disappeared in modern English.
The usage of abridged number is:
1) means to omit words.
2) Discontinuity, pause and hesitation in a sentence.
3) The usage of omitting slash symbols in the whole poem.
The main function of slash is to separate, and the specific usage is:
1) is used to separate substitute words. /Still a student. It can be teachers and/or students.
2) Used to separate coordinate words.
3) Used for some abbreviations.
4) Used for speed, weights and measures and other units.
5) Used in some number combinations.
6) Used in poetry branches.
Quoted from others, slightly edited, I hope the landlord will not frown! I'm glad I benefited from the quiet new pond.