"Guanju" ②, the virtue of empresses ③, the beginning of the wind ④, so the wind of the world ⑤ and the couple also. Therefore, villagers should be used and countries should be used. Wind, wind also, teaching also; The wind can move it and teach it to change it.
① Preface to Mao Poetry: There were four schools in Han Dynasty: Lu, Qi, Han and Mao. The first three schools were Confucian classics, which were established in official schools in the early days, but died out one after another. Zhao Renmao's long-handed poem is Mao Shi, which belongs to the ancient prose school. There was no official school in Han dynasty, and Mao's poems flourished at the end of Han dynasty, replacing the three schools and being passed down to the world alone. Mao's poems have a small preface in 300 Ancient Poems, and after the small preface in the first poem Guanju, there is a long article called Preface to Poems, also known as Preface to Mao's Poems. It looks like a general preface.
② Guan Sui: the title of the first poem "The Book of Songs, National Style and Nan Zhou".
The virtue of empresses: Empresses, the wife of the son of heaven, the old saying refers to the wife of Princess Zhou Wen. It says here that Guan Ju praises the virtues of the queen. Kong's "Mao Shi Zheng Yi" said: "Harmonious sexual behavior and professional chastity are also the virtues of empresses." This explanation is far-fetched. This is often the case with China's Confucianism.
(4) The beginning of the wind: This means that Guan Ju is the head of the national wind in the Book of Songs. Kong Ying Da's "Justice in Shi Mao" said: "The queen mother has virtue, which is the beginning of Wen Wang's weathering. Wang Xingwen's culture began with his wife, so it was the beginning of Feng Jiao. " This is contrary to the original intention, but Han people often make a far-fetched or even distorted interpretation of poetry from the perspective of education.
⑤ Wind: Pronunciation, as a verb education.
⑥ How to make use of villagers: According to legend, 12,500 households in ancient times were a township, and "villagers" referred to the people. The Book of Rites, Rural Drinking Rites, states that rural doctors will have fun with Guan Ju when drinking in rural areas. Therefore, justice interprets "using villagers" as "letting township doctors teach others by this".
⑦ How to use the country: "Li Yan" contains: When the princes gave a banquet to drink the guests of Yan Qi's subjects, they sang songs such as Guan Ju and Ge Tan. Therefore, "justice" is interpreted as "making the princes of the world teach their ministers by it".
⑧ Move: It has been moved.
Pet-name ruby: influence
Poet, ambition also (1), heart is ambition, words are poetry. Emotion moves in the middle and is shaped by words. If you don't have enough words, sigh. If the lyrics are not enough, then sing forever. If the lyrics are not enough, then sing forever.
(1) Ambition: First of all, Shuowen is interpreted as "going out"; Sentence poetry is composed of
Born of ambition.
② The following five sentences: "Emotion moves in the middle" means that there is affection in the heart and then it is conveyed by words; If the meaning is still unfinished, it will be followed by a consultation; If there are any shortcomings, the next step is singing and dancing. "Eternal Farewell", cited by Long song.
Love comes from sound, and sound is written into sound. The vocal music that governs the world, its politics; The voice of troubled times is angry, and its politics is good; The voice of national subjugation grieves, and its people are trapped. So gain and loss, moving heaven and earth, feeling ghosts and gods, not close to poetry. Therefore, the former king became filial, popular, educated and changed customs through husband and wife.
(1) Sound is written as sound: sound refers to palace, business, angle, sign and feather; Wen, a tune composed of five sounds; Combining five tones into tones is called "tone".
2 Good: Not normal.
Nothing is closer than poetry: nothing is closer than poetry. It refers to poems with the most functions such as "positive gains and losses".
Classic: Chang Dao, used as a verb, means to return to the right path.
Therefore, poetry has six meanings: one is wind, the other is fu, the third is comparison, the fourth is prosperity, the fifth is elegance, and the sixth is ode. The upper part is weathered and the lower part is winded. Text and advice 9. The speaker is innocent, and the listener is enough to quit, so it is called the wind. As for the decline of the king, the abolition of etiquette and righteousness, the loss of politics and religion, the policy of national diplomacy, the strange customs of the family, and the change of style and elegance have all been achieved. ⑾ National history gains and losses, hurting people, lamenting the harshness of criminal administration, chanting family ties, and achieving great things with old customs. Therefore, the wind becomes sentimental and stops at comity. It is human nature to express feelings; Stop at courtesy and righteousness, and the first king's ze is also. It is based on the matter of a country and the foundation of one person, which is called the wind; It is an elegance to talk about everything and form a wind in all directions. Ya, yes, Wang said that it is also a waste. Politics is small and big, so there are few elegance. Praise, descriptions of beauty and virtue, and those who tell God their success are also 14. It is said that the four beginnings are ⒂, and so are poems.
① Six meanings: The theory of six meanings in Preface to Poetry originated from Zhou Li's Six Poems. Master Li Zhouguan Chun recorded: "The master taught six poems: Yue Feng, Yuefu, Lebi, Lexing, Leya and Song Yue." However, due to the different understanding of the relationship between poetry and music, the order of the two is also different. The interpretation of these six meanings in Justice is: "Fu, Bi and Xing are the functions of poetry, while style, elegance and praise are the forms of poetry. They are all called' righteousness' because they are composed of three things. " There are different understandings of "six meanings".
(2) Wind: It belongs to the category of praise, and refers to the fifteen-country wind in the Book of Songs. According to the following explanation, it also contains the meaning of weathering and irony.
③ Fu: as a group of categories juxtaposed with Bi and Xing, it refers to the expression of The Book of Songs. Zheng Xuan's annotation "Master Zhou Li" said: "Fu Zhiyan biography, political and religious good and evil direct biography." Zhu's "Book of Songs, National Style and Biography" said: "Fu is called."
4 proportion: metaphor. Zheng Xuan's "Zhou Li Taishi" notes: "For example." Zhu's Biography of the Book of Songs: "If you compare, then this thing is compared with the other."
⑤ Xing: Effective means having effective technology. Zhu's Biography of the Book of Songs is interpreted as "talk about other things first, so that the words can be sung". This origin is sometimes metaphorical, sometimes just for the sake of melody, not for the sake of meaning. In ancient times, the meaning of "xing" was subtle, and there were many differences in understanding.
⑥ Elegance: refers to elegant poetry. According to the following explanation, it is of positive significance to talk about the rise and fall of the king. Elegant music, called Zheng Sheng. Liang Qichao's Interpretation of Four Poems says: "Elegance and summer are old sayings, while ... Elegance is the voice of summer, and it is still the voice of the Central Plains."
⑦ Fu: refers to ode. According to the following explanation, it means description, that is, to express the modality of poetry through dance. In Ruan Yuan's interpretation of Fu in Qing Dynasty, Fu was a kind of dance poem.
8 sting: irony.
Pet-name ruby main text and remonstrance: Zheng Xuan's note: "The main text, the main and the palace merchants of music are also corresponding. Admonishing, violating songs, not directly admonishing. " This sentence, when it was "stabbed", was in line with the corresponding articles of court merchants, and it was exhorted with gentle words, without telling the king's fault.
⑩ Changing the wind into elegance: changing the era from prosperity to decline, that is, "the decline of kings, the abolition of etiquette"; Variable wind refers to the wind in thirteen countries under the hurricane; Become elegant and elegant poems after "Zhong Lao" and Xiaoya's poems after "June". Although there are a few exceptions, most of them are works after the decline of the Western Zhou Dynasty, which is equivalent to the "voice of troubled times" and "voice of national subjugation" mentioned earlier.
⑾ national history: a historian of the royal family. "Justice" quoted Zheng Xuanyan: "The history of the country adopts many poems, clarifying their likes and dislikes and making them sung. It has no master, it is the master of national history, which makes singing possible. "
⑿ "This is called the reason of wind ...": This sentence is an explanation of "wind". "One country" refers to the vassal state, which is different from the "world" mentioned in "Asia" below, indicating the location of the "wind"; "One person" refers to a person who writes poems. "Justice" explains: "The poet thinks of the meaning of the country as his own heart, so the things of the country are also done by this person."
[13] The sentence from "talking about the world" to "calling it elegance": This is the explanation of "elegance". "A Theory of Justice" said: "Poets always have the heart of the world, the customs of all directions, and are self-righteous. However, he praised the king's government, pretended to talk about world affairs poetically, and saw the wind in all directions. He is talking about the government of the son of heaven. Shi Qi is in the world, so it is called elegance and is widely used. "
[14] "ode" sentence: This sentence is an explanation of "ode". Description, shape and appearance. This sentence says that "ode" is a poetic music that praises the merits of the king during the sacrifice.
⒂ Four Beginnings: Zheng Xuanyan is quoted in justice: "The wind is also elegant, elegant, and praised. These four things, the people who do it are prosperous, and the people who waste it are declining. " Sima Qian's "Historical Records Confucius Family" thinks: "The chaos of Guanju thought the wind began; Luming Literature is the beginning of Xiaoya; King Wen is the beginning of elegance; " Qing Palace is the beginning. At the beginning of Preface to Shi Mao, Guan Ju said that it was windy, which was actually an attack on Historical Records.
The essence of poetry: the meaning of poetry is here.
However, the change of Guanju and Linzhi was the wind of kings, so it was the Duke of Zhou. South, the word from north to south is also 2. The virtue of "Quechao" and "Li Yu" is also the wind of princes. The late king taught it because it was Zhao Gong. "Nan Zhou" and "Zhao Nan" are the correct starting point and the foundation of Wang Hua. Therefore, "Guan Yu" is Mrs. Le, who should be a gentleman, worry about the virtuous, and not commit adultery; Sad and gentle, thinking only without hurting kindness. It also means Guan Ju.
(1) "However, Guan Ju": Linzhi, Linzhi, is the last poem of Guo Feng Nan Zhou. "Justice" said: "The change of Guanju and Linzhi is the wind of kings, and the reason why King Wen teaches the people is also. The king must be the Duke of Zhou, and the sage must be the Duke of Zhou. "
② "Difficult, verbal" sentence: This sentence explains the meaning of "difficult" in Nan Zhou. "Justice" said: "Some people say that the king changed from the northern soil to the south." "Biography of Mao" also said: "It is said that it was transformed into Jiang and Han."
Quechao and Li Yu: Quechao is the first chapter of Zhao Guofeng South, and Li Yu is the last. "Justice" said: "The virtue of" Quechao "and" Yu Yu "is the wind of princes, so the former king, the later king and the Ji Wang Yumin. The princes will be wise in Zhao Gong, and the sages will be Zhao Gong. "
④ Sentences in Nan Zhou and Zhao Nan: Nan Zhou, the first part of National Style, has eleven articles in all; After Zhao Nan and Nan Zhou, there are fourteen articles. "Justice" said: "Twenty-five poems by Nan Zhou and Zhao Nan are the original way and the foundation of Wang Ye's weathering."
⑤ The sentence "Guan Ju": This sentence reveals the theme of Guan Ju. "The Analects of Confucius Bashu": "Confucius said:" Guanju "is happy but not lewd, sad but not hurt." What is said here is based on Confucius' point of view.
("Justice in Shi Mao" Volume 1 Ruan Yuan Notes "Thirteen Classics")