By describing the characteristics and learning significance of ancient poetry, this paper reflects the importance of teaching ancient poetry in primary schools, and makes some corresponding discussions on the teaching methods of ancient poetry. I hope it can be used as a reference for teachers, especially primary school teachers.
Keywords: primary school Chinese ancient poetry teaching
Ancient poetry is a bright pearl in the treasure house of Chinese art, with implicit language and profound artistic conception, which is deeply loved by people. It vividly depicts a series of pictures with bright colors and proper movements in extremely concise and vivid language, creates a beautiful artistic conception and expresses deep feelings, which has been well-known for thousands of years. As a cultural treasure of the Chinese nation, its value lies not only in edifying people with art, but also in enlightening people's thoughts and edifying people's temperament.
First, the characteristics and significance of ancient poetry
(A) the characteristics of ancient poetry
Ancient poems are generally divided into two categories: narrative poems and lyric poems. Narrative poems mainly describe specific events and characters, such as silkworm girls and children fishing. Lyrics mainly express the author's feelings and are divided into two categories: scenery description and freehand brushwork. Many ancient poems, such as Plum Blossoms and Walking on Mountains, are both scenery descriptions and freehand brushwork. Ancient poetry is concise and has the characteristics of conciseness and jumping. They express as many meanings as possible in a very limited number of poems, and their greatest feature can be summed up in one word: beauty in meaning, beauty in language and beauty in language.
The beauty of artistic conception is the beauty of artistic realm formed by the combination of the life picture depicted in the story and the author's thoughts and feelings. As people often say, "there is a picture in poetry, and there is love in painting." The author chooses the most distinctive concrete things, or the most meaningful scenes, or the most typical feelings to express his feelings, so as to inspire readers to expand their rich imagination, understand artistic conception and emotions, and get edified from them.
The beauty of language refers to the concise language and vivid images of ancient poems, and often uses exaggeration, metaphor, symbolism and other means to reproduce the beauty of nature, society and art, such as "flying down three thousands of feet, it is suspected that the Milky Way has fallen for nine days." "But you only need to climb a flight of stairs, you can broaden your horizons by 300 miles." "Wildfire never completely devoured them, and they grew taller in the spring breeze." These poems are beautiful to read.
Music is beautiful, and ancient poetry pays attention to rhyme and rhythm. The rhyme is harmonious, the rhythm is distinct, it is catchy and pleasant to read, and it produces musical beauty.
Formal beauty refers to formal beauty and image beauty. For example, Du Fu's quatrains: "Two orioles sing green willows, and a row of egrets rise to the sky. The window contains autumn snow in Xiling, and the Wu Dong Wan Li boat stops at the door. " This ancient poem is neat in antithesis and embodies the beauty of images.
(B) the significance of learning ancient poetry
First of all, ancient poetry has the characteristics of conciseness, lyricism, brevity and rich space. In order to fully understand the artistic conception and the implication of poetry, we need to supplement and comprehend it ourselves, which gives full play to students' imagination. At the same time, for primary school students, they have rich imagination, and they can use ancient poetry as a starting point to associate, supplement and create, thus building an imaginary picture. The ancients said that if you don't write a word, you will have a good time. That's the truth. This leads to its second function, namely, the training of creative thinking. This is a favorable opportunity to develop creative thinking.
The teaching of ancient poems gives us a space to develop creative thinking and re-create art. When reading ancient poems, students have already seen most of the images depicted in the poems, and then use their imagination to reconstruct and combine the images memorized in their brains according to the poems, thus creating a new picture in their brains. In this way, they not only have a deeper understanding of poetry, but also give full play to their leading role and develop their creative thinking ability. It plays an important role in improving students' reading ability and writing ability, and then improving students' Chinese ability and promoting the development of intelligence.
Thirdly, ancient poetry combines the beauty of color, picture, artistic conception and artistic ingenuity, and has special aesthetic functions, from which students are influenced by beauty. "Painting in Poetry", "Emotion in Poetry" and "Rationality in Poetry" not only shine with beauty and brilliance, but also give people profound enlightenment. It not only grasps the characteristics of "painting, emotion and reason", but also edifies and sublimates students' thoughts and sentiments by beauty. Therefore, the process of teaching ancient poetry in primary schools is actually an aesthetic process. For primary school students, a complete aesthetic system has not yet been formed. For good and evil, beauty and ugliness, good and evil, they often draw conclusions through external appearances, but cannot analyze their internal beauty and value. The teaching of ancient poems can just make up for this, because ancient poems often reflect an internalized and hidden emotion, and poets contain their own will and feelings in their poems, which is the so-called "poetry takes Tao as its meaning". Teachers can expand students' aesthetic vision by commenting on ancient poems, so that students can obtain a higher level of aesthetic experience and correct aesthetic standards.
In addition, the teaching of ancient poetry can absorb the beneficial essence of ancient poetry and carry forward the national traditional culture. Ancient poetry not only embodies the poet's profound understanding of social things and human philosophy, but also is the crystallization of working people's thoughts for thousands of years. It can make students cherish their new life, stimulate patriotic enthusiasm and homesickness for their friends, and teach them how to speak clearly and behave appropriately, so as to improve their ideological and moral quality in a subtle way. But also can cultivate students' interest in music, architecture and painting and promote their all-round development.
Therefore, to sum up, we can draw a conclusion that the study of ancient poetry is of positive significance to the cultivation of students' Chinese ability and other aspects. This requires our teachers to use correct methods to guide the teaching of ancient poetry, so that students can fully understand the artistic conception of ancient poetry.
Second, the teaching methods of ancient Chinese poetry in primary schools
Therefore, according to the basic characteristics of ancient poetry, I think we can teach ancient poetry like this:
1. Use situational teaching method to guide students to feel the beauty of artistic conception. In the teaching of ancient poetry, teachers should create situations through various ways and channels to guide students into the realm. There are many specific methods: first, introduce the author and his background, the specific era and environment in which the author lives, and grasp the special mood of the author when writing poems to read and imagine. The second is to connect with real life, introduce things familiar to middle school students in real life into ancient poetry, narrow the distance and build an entry bridge. The third is to use intuitive methods. In the teaching of ancient poetry, due to the limitation of conditions, it is often impossible to watch the real thing. By showing slides, pictures and recordings, students can feel immersive. Fourth, enrich imagination and guide students to imagine the plots and scenes in poetry in teaching. For example, the poem "Jiang Xue" inspires students' thinking and association: "Snow is flying all over the sky, the north wind is whistling, and the world is white." So as to better understand the content and artistic conception of poetry.
2. Guide the study of ancient poems, read poems and let students taste the beauty of language. To taste this language, you must first read sentences. The language of ancient poetry has its own characteristics, such as sentence condensation, meaning jump, component omission, word order inversion and so on. These are obstacles for students to learn ancient poetry. According to the characteristics of primary school students, the method of helping them understand and teach ancient poetry-word segmentation and linking writing: first, understand the literal meaning word by word and its meaning in this poem; The second is the sequential translation according to modern Chinese norms. The study of ancient poetry can be summarized as seven words: extension, retention, supplement, change, tune, chewing and connection.
Expansion: condensed words should be "expanded", and monosyllabic words should be expanded into disyllabic words to make the meaning obvious and specific.
Leave: words that are common in ancient and modern times should be left.
Supplement: the omitted elements in the poem should be supplemented to make it smooth.
Change: Words with different usages in ancient and modern times should be changed.
Tone: If the word order is reversed, it should be adjusted.
Chewing: key, vivid and philosophical words in poetry, which guide students to chew and savor carefully.
Link: translate the words explained in each sentence together.
Therefore, in teaching, teachers should guide the study of ancient poems, guide them in lectures, practice them in guidance, and inspire students to understand the usage of laws. In addition, in the future teaching of ancient poetry, teachers should also pay attention to guidance, and students should use consolidation method.
3. Instruct students to read aloud and let them experience the beauty of music. Emotional reading can reproduce the artistic conception of poetry and deepen the understanding of the meaning and feelings of poetry. Therefore, students attach importance to reading and reciting on the basis of understanding the content of poetry. Reading guidance is to let students master the methods and skills of emotional reading. First guide to determine the emotional tone, and then guide to deal with stress and rhythm. For example, Du Fu's "Imperial Army Recovers the Banks of the Yellow River" is a lyric poem. The whole poem is full of joy and excitement. The rhythm of the first sentence, the seventh and eighth sentences should be fast, and the fifth and sixth sentences should be slow; The stress pronunciation of "sudden transmission", "ecstasy", "immediate obedience" and "defecation" In this way, the students' feelings naturally echo those of the author.
First, before teaching, we should understand the arrangement intention of teaching materials. In some texts, there are two poems. It is necessary to understand why they are grouped together. The function of this ancient poem text in this unit, and the connection with the ancient poem text before and after. Second, we can appropriately supplement extracurricular ancient poems for students to learn. The third is to arrange rewriting training properly, rewrite narrative poems into short stories and landscape poems into essays. This combination of reading and writing kills two birds with one stone. Fourth, students can draw with their own imagination according to their own understanding, and really walk to a situation as close as themselves, as well as the people they see and the sounds they hear.
According to the above teaching points of ancient poetry, students can learn ancient poetry from passive exploration to active exploration, which greatly enhances their self-study ability and has a stronger interest in learning. At the same time, we regard the study of ancient poetry as a kind of fun and enjoyment, and really let the teaching of ancient poetry play its unique charm.
Third, several misunderstandings in the teaching of ancient poetry in primary schools
In the process of teaching ancient poetry in primary schools, teachers may have a good starting point, but they should also pay attention to methods, and should not rush to achieve success, resulting in the following misunderstandings:
1, downpour problem solving: some teachers are eager for quick success and instant benefit, not only introducing the author's life, but also introducing the living environment; Talking about political thoughts, writing characteristics and major achievements often leaves students in a state of confusion. After all, students' cognitive level is limited, and teaching should be carried out according to the actual situation.
2. Random question and answer: The artistic image of ancient poetry is vivid and profound, which requires repeated reading and in-depth understanding. However, some teachers abused the question-and-answer method in the teaching of ancient poetry, which destroyed the integrity of ancient poetry and made students unable to understand its artistic conception well.
3, cramming, injecting crosstalk: Crosstalk is an important method of teaching ancient poetry, but we should pay attention to inspire students to preview before class, and we must guide students to think that we can't cram and inject in the process of crosstalk.
4. Analysis of literary appreciation: The analysis of ancient poetry in primary schools is not excluded, but attention should be paid to the simplicity of explanation and a "degree". If we can't grasp this degree well, talking in Kan Kan will not only fail to achieve the expected results, but will be counterproductive. Because primary schools can't understand it so deeply, they can't understand it. After all, their knowledge level is limited.
5. Swallowed-up translation: The translation of ancient poetry can help students better understand ancient poetry, but the teacher should be faithful and fluent in literal translation here, and try to keep the original intention and structure of poetry just right.
6. Fancy performance: Although a certain performance can make students learn ancient poetry better, don't pursue form and novelty too much, and make ancient poetry nondescript and lively on the surface, which will substantially destroy the original intention of ancient poetry and waste the energy and enthusiasm of students and teachers.
Therefore, it is obvious that as teachers, especially primary school teachers, although primary school students are at the peak of knowledge at this stage, they can't blindly instill knowledge into students, thinking that the more, the better. On the contrary, ancient poetry teaching should make corresponding teaching plans according to the actual situation and students' characteristics, so as to get twice the result with half the effort.
References:
(1) Huang Guan Zoroastrian pupils' attempt to rewrite ancient poems into narratives, Education Review, No.2, 20xx, pp. 68-69.
(3) Yu and Shen Yiliang's Six-Word Decision on Ancient Poetry Teaching and Jiangxi Education 1997 1 1 Page 33
(4) Yu Xuxiu's Ancient Poetry Teaching and Jiangxi Education Review 1997 1 1 Page 34.
(5) "Caring for Lin's Six Steps of Ancient Poetry Teaching and Jiangxi Education", No.6, 20xx, pp. 33-34.
(6) Xia Wucheng's "Opening up the Broad Road to Appreciation of Ancient Poetry" and "Jiangxi Education", No.6 in 20xx, pp. 35-36.
(7) Hong Houhuo's Application of Augmentation in the Teaching of Ancient Poetry', Jiangxi Education, No.6, 20xx, p. 37.
(8) Xiang Xiaohong's "Ancient Poetry Teaching and Aesthetic Education" and "Hunan Education" 1997 No.5 pp. 26-28.
(9) Dai Qiling's Understanding the Gods in the Country-Teaching Ancient Poetry with Imagination, Jiangxi Education 1997, p.1p. 32-33.
(10) Cao's Reciting Entries, Moving Images, Activating Association —— Three Topics in Aesthetic Teaching of Ancient Poetry and Yu Jiao 1995No. 1 p 17- 18.
(1 1) Johnny's On the Teaching of Chinese Poetry in Primary Schools, Ningxia Education, No.7-8 p37-38.
(12) Yu Zhijun's How to Determine the Starting Point of Ideological Education of Ancient Poetry, Jiangxi Education 1995 No.65438 +0 1 p34.
(13) Liu 《 Ancient Poetry Teaching in Primary Schools 》 and 《 Education Review 》, No.5, 20xx, p8 1
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