First, the classification of ancient poetry
Ancient poetry includes poems and songs.
1. From the form of poetry can be divided into:
(1) Ancient poems, including ancient poems (poems before the Tang Dynasty), songs of Chu and Yuefu poems. Pay attention to the styles of ancient poetry such as Song, Song Xing, Quotations, Qu and Ling, which also belong to ancient poetry. Classical poetry does not talk about antithesis and rhymes freely. The development track of classical poetry: The Book of Songs → Chu Ci → Han Fu → Han Yuefu → Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties Folk Songs → Jian 'an Poetry → Tao Poetry and other literati five-character poems → Tang Dynasty Ancient Style New Yuefu.
② Modern poetry, including metrical poems and quatrains.
③ Ci, also known as Yu Shi, long and short sentences, Qu Zi, Qu Zi, Yuefu, etc. Its characteristics: the tone has a fixed frame, the sentence has a fixed number and the word has a fixed tone. According to different words, it can be divided into long tone (9 1 word or more), middle tone (59-90 words) and short tone (58 words or less). Words can be divided into monosyllabic and disyllabic, and disyllabic is divided into two paragraphs, in which the level and number of words are equal or roughly equal, and monosyllabic is only one paragraph. A paragraph of a word is called a que or an article, the first paragraph is called Qianque, Shangque and Shangpian, and the second paragraph is called Houque, Xiaque and Xiapian.
④ Qu, also known as Yuefu. Yuanqu includes Sanqu and Zaju. Sanqu rose in the Jin Dynasty and flourished in the Yuan Dynasty, and its style was similar to that of Ci. Features: the number of words can be added with interlining, and more oral English is used. Sanqu includes poems and songs. The number of songs is a coherent set of songs, ranging from two to dozens. Each group number takes the song of the first song as the name of the whole set of songs, and the whole set of songs must be in the same palace tune. It has no guests, but only oratorios.
2. From the theme of poetry can be divided into:
Lyrics about scenery, lyrics about scenic spots and natural scenery. Because of their dissatisfaction with reality, some ancient poets often attached their feelings to mountains and rivers, and expressed their thoughts and feelings by describing the scenery of rivers and lakes and natural scenery. This kind of poetry often contains the feelings expressed by the scenery described later, which is what people often say. Its style is fresh and natural.
(2) Poetry is expressed by chanting things, in which the poet describes the shape, characteristics, charm and personality of chanting things, so as to entrust the poet's own feelings and express the poet's spirit, quality or ideal.
(3) I feel nostalgic about poetry, because one thing causes the poet's feelings, such as homesickness, homesickness and friends.
(4) Memorizing the past and chanting epic poems, taking historical allusions as the theme, or expressing their opinions, or satirizing the present through the past, or expressing vicissitudes of life.
⑤ Poems describing frontier battles, describing frontier scenery and the military life of frontier soldiers, or expressing optimism and heroism or homesickness, with tragic style and bold brushwork.
Two. Classification of modern poetry
According to the country, it can be divided into domestic poetry and foreign poetry.
China's poetry can be divided into modern poetry and ancient poetry (classical poetry) according to the time of creation and the time content reflected by poetry. 19 19 The new poems developed during the May 4th New Literature Movement and some old-fashioned poems reflecting modern life and thoughts and feelings are all modern poems. 19 19 Old-style poems written before the May 4th Movement, such as the Book of Songs, Chuci, Tang Poetry, Song Ci, Yuan Qu, etc., are all old-style poems. Among the old-style poems, apart from words and songs, they can also be divided into ancient poems and modern poems. Compared with metrical poems such as quatrains and metrical poems, old-style poems other than quatrains and metrical poems are called classical poems; Compared with classical poetry, quatrains, metrical poems and rhythmic poems formed from the Southern Dynasties to the Tang Dynasty are called modern poems.
According to the content, poetry can be divided into lyric poetry and narrative poetry.
Lyrics mainly reflect social life by directly expressing the author's inner feelings. According to the author's attitude towards objective things and the content of poems, lyric poems can be divided into carols, lamentations, love songs, pastoral poems, landscape poems, satirical poems, epics and so on. Narrative poetry mainly reflects real life by describing events and shaping characters. Narrative-oriented, lyrical narrative, generally with complete stories and specific characters.