How to solve the problem of Chinese poetry appreciation?

First, define the image, and analyze its characteristics, cold and warm colors, seasonal colors, virtual and real movements, etc. In classical poetry, the scenery in different seasons often has different emotional colors of poets. In early spring, the scenery is thriving, and most of them show joy. In late spring, it is sentimental, sorry and nostalgic, while in autumn and winter, it is sad, cold and sad. At the same time, grasping the hue and background color of the work, capturing the typical characteristics of the image and finding the junction of scenery and emotion are helpful to appreciate the unique and profound artistic conception of poetry. For example, Du Fu's quatrains: "Mountains and rivers are beautiful in the evening, and flowers and plants are fragrant in the spring breeze. Mud melts and swallows fly, sand warms and mandarin ducks sleep. " Poetry depicts the scenery in early spring. The sun shines in spring and the fields are green; The stream reflects the sunshine and the spring breeze is warm; Flowers are blooming and fragrant: spring is beautiful. Spring is blooming, the mud is wet, and swallows are busy flying around and nesting in the mud: full of vitality and spring. Sunny days are harmonious, sunny days are beautiful and sand is warm. Yuanyang should also enjoy the warmth of spring and still sleep on the sandbar by the stream. The whole picture is harmonious and unified, with bright colors and prosperous business, revealing the poet's joy in the vitality of nature in early spring. There is also Qian Qi's "Returning to the Old Cottage in the Late Spring", "Taniguchi has few yellow birds in spring, and magnolia flowers are full. I began to pity you under the window of Zhushan, and I won't change my mind until I come back. " I wrote about the scene of late spring. The first two sentences are "sparse", "tired" and "flying away". The three words are in one go, rendering the passage of spring and creating an empty atmosphere that disappears. Another example is Li Yu's "Hui Huan", "Going to the West Wing alone has nothing to say, and the moon is like a hook. Lonely phoenix tree deep courtyard locks clear autumn. It is a parting, especially a general feeling in my heart. " "Silence" and "Loneliness", I saw the lonely figure of "and you are lonely and helpless"; "The moon is like a hook" and "the lack of the moon" symbolize the shortcomings of personnel. "Solitude without words" is loneliness, "Indus Deep Courtyard" is loneliness, and "Locking the Clear Autumn" is loneliness. Everything in front of us was painted with a cold and sad color, expressing the sorrow of the prisoner's life. Niu Qiao's Dingxi Fan: "The child is thousands of miles away, the golden armor is cold, the tower is cold, and the dream is Chang' an. Homesickness looks wide every day, and the missing stars are also disabled. Draw a few sobs, the snow is leisurely, "describe the frontier fortress scenery." Looking at my hometown in the moonlight, the night walk will disappear. I can only see the vast sky and dim stars, the confusion of the countryside in the long snow, the sound of drawing corners echoing among the garrison, sobbing and melancholy, really like crying. The color of the scenery is sad and desolate, which shows people's homesickness. Li Bai's "Send Baidicheng Early" is a colorful boat with beautiful and fresh colors, which sets off the poet's joy of being suddenly enlightened. Second, interpret rhetorical devices and other expressive techniques such as metaphor, personification, metonymy, pun and foil, and grasp the image of poetry. Poetry often uses certain artistic techniques to convey feelings and feelings. Understanding the "characteristics" of poetry is helpful to understand the content and taste beauty. For example, Wang Mian, a gifted scholar in the Yuan Dynasty, wrote a poem: "I am in a forest of ice and snow, different from peaches and plums. Suddenly, the breeze started overnight and dispersed into Gankun Wan Li Spring. " In the poem, the technique of setting off is used to set off Mei's persistence in the snow forest. By comparison, Nami is compared with "peach and plum mixed with fragrant dust", which shows Nami's lofty and conscience, expresses the author's lofty ideals and ethics, and does not blend with the secular. Another example is "Expecting rain" (Li Yue). "Mulberry leaves are leafless and smoke comes from the soil, and flute pipes meet Longshui Temple. Watching Zhumen's songs and dances, I am afraid that the spring sounds will swallow the strings, highlighting the use of contrast techniques, deeply sympathizing with the sufferings of the people, and satirizing the decadent life of the aristocratic ruling class are all included in the comparison. Q: Yes. . . It's not a template that I can write as I want, such as what to write in the first paragraph, what to write in the second paragraph and what to write at last. A: Tang poetry and Song poetry are mostly lyric poems, which can be divided into three categories: lyrical description of scenery, lyrical borrowing from ancient times and lyrical expression. Writing lyric poems about scenery is mainly to grasp the relationship between scenery and emotion; Generally speaking, we should grasp the relationship between ancient and modern times by ancient poems; The first step is to understand the relationship between things and aspirations in poetry. The second step, after reading it through, go to the second half of the poem and find the center of the poem (the author wants to express his feelings and aspirations). The third step is to look at the first half of the poem and think about what images are written, what pictures these images constitute, what characteristics these pictures have and what role they play in the center of the poem (this is actually the collision between scenery and emotion, that is, the grasp of artistic conception). The fourth step is to do five must-see: the topic (the topic is often the eye of the poem or the central event), the author (knowing the author's style), the notes (difficult knowledge allusions, sometimes the answer is in them), the famous sentences (the eye of the central poem is often here) and the stem (the stem is highly directional and requires attention). The fifth step is to see what expressive techniques are used in poetry. The expressive skills include metaphor, analogy, metonymy, exaggeration, intertextuality, synaesthesia, pun, contrast, irony and repetition. Lyric by scenery, blending scenes, expressing ambition by things, expressing emotion by ancient times, satirizing the present by ancient times, using allusions, paving the way, symbolizing, contrasting, setting off, suppressing before promoting, gaining the first voice, seeing the big from the small, combining dynamic and static, combining reality with reality (when shaping characters, it is called the combination of positive description and side description), and directly expressing one's feelings through comparison (indirect lyric poetry). That's it ~ I hope it works for you ~ 1. Examining the topic and scrutinizing poetry; 2. Capture the intention and understand the artistic conception of the poem; 3. Learn to express in a standardized way; Pay attention to accumulate knowledge, read more and recite more, then write down the correct answers given by the teacher, recite a few typical poems, and then see what kind of poems are, such as homesickness, lack of talents and loneliness, so you can go up. The following is my suggestion (I am a Chinese teacher) to appreciate classical poetry and pay special attention to the scrutiny of words. Many poems have some words worthy of special attention, which usually add a lot of color to the whole poem and even become poetic eyes. The poet Miracle wrote a poem "Early Plum", and there is a saying: "In the former village of Zita Law, a few branches opened last night." Zheng Gu changed the word "number" to "one" because the title was "early plum blossom". If a few branches are opened, it means that the flowers have been blooming for a long time, so it can't be regarded as "early plum". Miracle admired Zheng Gu very much and called him a "word teacher". Wang Jia wrote a poem "Sunny Days": "Look at the flowers before the rain, and there will be no flowers at the bottom of the leaves after the rain. Bees and butterflies fly over the wall, but they think spring is in the neighbor's house. " Wang Anshi changed "flying in" to "flying in succession", because only the clever pen of the busy butterfly outline can truly feel the unique beauty after the late spring rain. Verb refinement is the main content of ancient poetry refinement. The word "green" in Wang Anshi's Spring Breeze and Green Jiang Nanan, the word "see" in Tao Qian's "Seeing Nanshan leisurely", the word "de" in Zhang Xian's "Clouds breaking the moon to make a flower shadow" and the word "noisy" in Song Qi's "Red Apricot Branches Full of Spring" are all well known. A word "Noisy" expresses the poet's feelings about spring, and a word "Nong" expresses the poet's appreciation of the beauty of flowers dancing in the breeze under the moon. Du Fu's poem: "Four more mountains spit on the moon, and jathyapple is bright." The word "Ming" is an adjective as a verb, which makes the picture dynamic, and even better, the word "spit" (students experience it themselves! If function words are used well, they can also achieve the aesthetic effect of dredging literary spirit, opening and closing echoes, melodious twists and turns, and activating emotional charm. Du Fu has a poem: "There are Bashu in the mountains and rivers, and the towers and terraces are harmonious." Ye Mengde commented: "The distance is hundreds of miles, up and down for thousands of years, only between the word" you "and the word" zi ",but it is beyond words to appreciate the atmosphere of mountains and rivers and cherish the past and present. Verbs: When appreciating poetry, we should pay attention to verbs, especially those with "multiple meanings". Example 1: You remember the Qingxi Banli Bridge, where there was no old red board and there were too few people in Qiushui. There is no one at sunset, leaving a weeping willow. Analysis: The word "leftover" stands out here, and the author didn't use "stay" or "see". Its beauty lies in that although the meaning of "leftover" is similar to that of "staying", the word "leftover" is generally passive and has the meaning of "residual" and "leftover"; In addition, the word "leftover" is time-sensitive, giving people a sense of helplessness. " "Stay" doesn't mean anything. Seeing "is only temporary and can't give people a sense of change by comparing the past and the present." Exodus 2: Why should a strong brother blame the willow? The spring breeze does not pass through Yumen Pass. Analysis: the word "resentment" obviously uses personification, which is not only the emotion in the song, but also the heart of the piper. Ex. 3: Petals fall like tears, and lonely birds sing their sorrows. Analysis: The words "splash" and "shock" are not only fresh words, but also add to the poet's inner pain of hating others. Exodus 4: Rain makes the flowers wet and the wind darkens the leaves. Analysis: Look at this poem, "wet" means "light" and "sparse" means "shadow", which is unusual in itself. Wang Bo wrote about the spring rain, which rained for a short time. After the rain, there is no rain on the flowers at sunrise, and it is more humid under the sunlight, so the word "wet" is very accurate. The word "light" is full of energy, so the word "light" is affectionate. The wind stopped, and under the sunshine, the night shadow was clear and sparse, and the word "sparse" appeared, indicating that the sun was coming from the leaf shadow. It is written completely according to the lifestyle and looks very poetic. The words here are wonderful. Modifiers: mostly adjectives, but also the focus of poetry appreciation. Example 1: The Yellow River is far above the white clouds, and there is an isolated city, Wan Ren Mountain. Analysis: A word "solitary" can describe the loneliness of the environment and reach people's hearts directly. Example 2: sneak into the night with the wind and moisten things silently. Analysis: Not bad, and full of pulse, talking about opportunities created by nature, the closest. Example 3: Young married women in boudoir don't know how to worry, so they put on Cui Lou in spring. Suddenly I saw the green willows, and I felt uncomfortable; Oh, I regret that I shouldn't have asked my husband to find Hou Feng. ("in my heart forever" Wang Changling) Analysis: The first two sentences say that the young woman has finished dressing up and rushed to the Cuilou to enjoy the spring scenery. At this time, the author used a word "suddenly", which means casual and just right. Encounter: The willow color that broke into her eyes reminded her of the scene of folding willows with her husband, and she couldn't help but feel sad when she thought of her husband. This is a young woman with a childish face. A word "suddenly" vividly describes this emotional change, which is exactly what this poem is intriguing. ③ Special words: In poetry, some words are unique and readers can find them quickly. A. Reduplication: Reduplication has two functions: enhancing the sense of rhythm of language or playing an emphasis role. 1, Yangliuqing Jiang Shuiping, heard the song on the Langjiang River. (《lt； Zhuzhi Ci > First, Liu Yuxi) 2. Thousands of families always change new peaches into old ones every day. ("Yuan Ri" Wang Anshi) 3. Looking for it, it's cold and gloomy. ("Slow Whispering" Li Qingzhao) B. Onomatopoeia words: Some onomatopoeia words belong to overlapping words, so they are listed separately because of their high frequency. It has a function: to make poetry more vivid and make people feel immersive. 1, outside the curtain, the rain is gurgling and the spring is fading. Luo Yi can't stand the five shifts. ("Waves on the Beach" Li Yu) 2. Leaves fall like a waterfall, while I watch the long river roll forward. ("Climbing the Heights" Du Fu) C. Words expressing colors: These words are sometimes used as predicates, sometimes as attributes, and sometimes as subjects or objects. But there is only one function, which is to express mood, enhance color and picture sense, and render atmosphere. When you appreciate it, you can grasp the words that can express light colors, and realize the rich artistic meaning and distinctive rhythm of "two orioles singing green willows and a row of egrets rising to the sky" in the poem. The four colors of yellow, green, white and cyan are patchy, extending from points and lines to infinite space. The picture is still and moving, and the three-dimensional rhythm is distinct. Or grasp the words that can express the bright contrast color and realize the emotional color concentration in poetry: "Wandering is perishable, making cherries red and plantains green. "Red and Green" shows Jie Jiang's "colored thought" that time is in a hurry and spring is fleeting. Even if we grasp the words expressed by a single color, we can appreciate the poet's deep affection: "Recalling the green clothes and pity the grass everywhere." "Who is drunk in the frost forest at dawn, always makes people cry! "The feeling of pity is in Green and Drunken Red. 1 Ten miles after the spring breeze, the wheat is green. ("Yangzhou Slow" Jiang Kui) 2, red lotus root fragrance. (Li Qingzhao, "Pruning Plums") 3. The steps are dotted with green grass in spring, and birds are chirping happily under the leaves. ("Shu Xiang" Du Fu) IV. The words added in the poem below the homework have their own merits, so please enjoy the analysis. 1. The long river of solitary smoke in the desert sets the yen (Wang Wei's "Going to the East") 2. The moon, now full of the sea, at this time the end of the world * * * (Zhang Jiuling's "Looking at the moon and thinking of a distant place") 3. Another cloud emerged from Yungu and Menggu, shaking Yueyang City (Meng Haoran's Prime Minister Zhang in Dongting). How vast the world is, how close the trees are to heaven, and how close the moon is to the water! (Meng Haoran, "Sleeping on the Jiande River") 5. The mountain is cold and blue now, and the autumn water has been running all day (Wang Wei's Message to Pei Di from My Cabin in Wangchuan) 6. (Li Bai's Sitting Alone in Jingting Mountain) 7. The stars tilt down from the empty place, and the moon runs from the upper reaches of the river. (Du Fu's A Night Abroad) 8. The steps are dotted with green grass in spring, and birds are chirping happily under the leaves. (Du Fu's Shu Xiang [Attached Answer] 1, "Straight" is about the strength and persistence of the beacon smoke, and "Round" gives people a warm and boundless feeling. These two sentences not only accurately describe the desert scenery, but also show the poet's true feelings, skillfully blending the lonely mood into the vast natural scenery. 2. The word "Sheng" depicts the bright moon rising from Ran Ran, which is lively. 3. "Steaming" is about the rich accumulation of lakes, as if the vast Yunmengze has been nourished by Dongting Lake, and "Shake" is about the surging momentum of Dongting Lake. 4. "Low" describes the unique perspective of people looking up at the sky on the ship, which is very accurate. The moon written in the word "near" seems to be gentle and considerate, and it soothes the poet's lonely heart. 5. "Turn" means that the mountain color is getting deeper and thicker, and the mountain is static, but its dynamics are written by the gradual change of color. Day "means" every day ". The water is flowing. Using the word "day" makes people feel that it is always conservative. 6. "Exhaustion" and "leisure" lead readers into a quiet world: it seems that after the noise of a mountain bird is eliminated, they feel the peace outside, and after the rolling thick clouds disappear, they feel particularly quiet and calm, writing and seeing the silence, so as to set off the silence and the poet's inner loneliness. 7. The stars are hanging low, describing the vastness of Ye Ping, and the moon "surging" with the river, describing the momentum of the river. The scene is magnificent and vast. 8. Spring grass is "green" and orioles are "empty". The scenery is beautiful but nobody cares, and the scene is desolate and miserable.