In the first eight sentences of Lisao, Qu Yuan looks back at the ancestors of Chu people and feels extremely proud of his noble ancestry of Chu people and his experience of being born in its beautiful scenery. These narratives show Qu Yuan's attachment and love for the clan, and also imply his sense of responsibility for the Chu nationality. In order to make himself useful to the state of Chu, he also studied, honed and strengthened his self-cultivation: "The Shanghai River is separated from the blue sea, and the autumn orchid is the same." However, due to the slander of his followers and the vacillation of the king of Chu, Qu Yuan was wronged and his ideal was difficult to realize. He said: "The sun and the moon suddenly don't flood, but in the Spring and Autumn Period, the vegetation is scattered and the beauty is afraid of death." Qu Yuan expressed his anxiety that he was in a difficult situation, his ambition was hard to pay, and time and tide wait for no one. My husband only cares about practice ",and" I'm afraid of the loss of the imperial court, and I'm going to rush to the heel of the former power and power. " "He severely criticized those treacherous villains, who were jealous of virtuous people and made mistakes in the country:" Many women are jealous of my beauty, and rumors say that I am so slutty. ""Pepper is committed to being slow. "Pro-xian ministers are not good for villains, and he repeatedly quoted the experience and lessons of kings of past dynasties. He said: "God is selfless, and there is nothing wrong with human morality. My husband only cares about sages, so I have to use them. "Shang Tang Yu Xia" recommends talents and grants talents, but only follows the line and follows the ink, not necessarily. "So, discerning faithfulness and treachery is the most important responsibility of the monarch, and coveting immediate enjoyment will inevitably lead to national subjugation. Although I haven't changed my mind, I can be punished! " Sima Qian said, "Qu went straight and straight, tried his best to serve the monarch and slandered the world. It can be said that he is poor. If he believes in loyalty, can he have no complaints? " ("Historical Records? Biographies of Qu Yuan and Jia Sheng) Therefore, Li Sao actually contains Qu Yuan's lament and indignation over his unfortunate life experience.
In the second half of Li Sao, Qu Yuan described his two magnificent fugues and his experience of asking the goddess again and again. The first fugue passed through many celestial bodies such as Cangwu, Xiangzi, Xianchi and Fusang, and finally came to the celestial body. "I told the emperor to turn it on and off, lean on it and watch", and announced this great power. It is generally believed that this poem and Begging for a Woman symbolize Qu Yuan's long and failed efforts in Chu State and the general darkness in Chu State, which made Qu Yuan's ideal finally impossible to realize. Before fugue in the second paragraph, Qu was in an awkward situation and sought to occupy the "spiritual atmosphere". The "spiritual atmosphere" said to him, "I can't bear to die. Who is looking for beauty to let my daughter go?" Why is there no grass, and why do you care about the past? "Encourage him to stay away from Chu and go to other countries to find his own future. This is also a common way for literati in the Warring States to find a way out, which should also be very attractive to Qu Yuan. Therefore, Qu Yuan began his own journey of death, and with the help of many immortals, he came to play the emperor after a romantic and magnificent tour. He is about to reach the place of light, because "the servant is more sad than Ma Huaixi, but he doesn't care" and witnessed it. Both men and women are reluctant to leave. This fugue symbolizes Qu Yuan's attempt to leave Chu and find another place to realize his ideal and pursue the political future of "harmony between the two beauties". Note: There are mainly the following statements about seeking women in Lisao: 1, which means seeking a virtuous minister and a wise man. Wang Yi holds this view in The Songs of the Han Dynasty. 2. It means seeking a virtuous gentleman. Metaphor is ideal politics. Wang Yuan's Collection of Songs of the South holds this view. In addition, in modern times, there are You Guoen's Feminist Theory (Collection of Songs of the South, Volume II) and Li Jiayan's Metaphor of Goodness and Beauty (Qu Yuan, the first collection of China literature and history, 198 1).
Li Sao vividly reproduces Qu Yuan's noble and persistent personality image: "If you can't get in, you will be separated from me. If you retreat, you will restore my original clothes. If you make a lotus, you will think it is a dress. If you don't know, you will believe it. If you have a high crown, you will part with me. Fragrance and zeqi are mixed together, but you won't lose anything. " It also reveals Qu Yuan's confidence in his dazzling, fragrant and independent personality. This kind of personality self-confidence is also reflected in the description of his soaring fugue in the second half: Wang Shu is a pioneer, Fei Lian is a subordinate, the phoenix carries the flag, and the dragon is a beam ... Under the support of these sacred images, Qu Yuan seems so calm and free, and his stalwart personality is more prominent and glorious. Here, he showed his persistence and pride in his faith. Show contempt for the world. This self-confidence encouraged Qu Yuan not to change his original intention in the face of adversity, and remained deeply concerned about the fate of Zongguo. Qu Yuan knew that the future was difficult, but he still pursued diligently: "The road is long, and Xiu Yuan is awkward. I will pursue it from top to bottom." Alienated, Qu Yuan can still sharply criticize the King of Chu and his courtiers: "He complains about mighty practice, but he doesn't care about people's hearts." The secluded road will bring danger to Qu Yuan, but Qu Yuan does not hesitate to defend his ideal with his life. "Gu Yu knows this embarrassment is very troublesome, but he can't give up." "I am kind, too. Although I died nine times, I still have no regrets!" These sentences show that Qu Yuan's fearless fighting spirit is outstanding. Qu Yuan's noble character, indomitable spirit of struggle and outstanding personality image have great influence on later literati.
Li Sao is a wonderful work in the history of China literature, which has its own distinctive artistic features, mainly in the following aspects:
First of all, Li Sao has a prominent romantic style. Li Sao is a product of Chu culture, which contains magical myths and religious beliefs, beautiful and unique local scenery, passionate emotions and fantastic imagination. These cultural characteristics endow Li Sao with extremely dazzling brilliance. Qu Yuan's magical costumes in Li Sao, as well as soaring and kneeling for women surrounded by gods again and again. Exciting. Li Sao also absorbed a lot of Chu language. Huang's Preface to Lisao says: "The Sao in Qu and Song Dynasties is written in Chu language, which is Chu sound." The so-called Chu sound in Chu language refers to dialect words such as "you, you, you, you, you, you, you, you, you are awkward, you are controversial, you", and Chu sound refers to "depression and sadness, or"
Secondly, Li Sao expresses thoughts and feelings with skillful and magnificent symbolic techniques. Wang Yi commented on Li Sao and said: "Be good at birds and herbs to match loyalty; Compare bad birds with smelly things; Spiritual beauty, in order to compare with jun; Fu Fei's wife is a good example; Yi Long is monogamous to be a gentleman; Floating neon lights, I thought I was a villain. " ("Chu Ci? Li Sao believes that Li Sao symbolizes personality and the relationship between monarch and minister with the beauty of vanilla, which is the inheritance and development of metaphor in The Book of Songs. Generally speaking, vanilla is usually used by Qu Yuan as a metaphor or a symbol of his own quality and accomplishment. "The Shanghai River is separated from the Garden, and Qiu Lan thinks that it is beautiful." "Only the child is precious and beautiful. It is hard to lose, but it is still today. It is used to express loyalty and abandonment to the king of Chu, that is, to symbolize the relationship between monarch and minister with marriage and love. For example, "I talked to Yucheng at the beginning, but regretted leaving him" wrote that the king of Chu broke off his marriage, and "many women were jealous of it, saying it was lewd" wrote that I was jealous of the villain. The failure of love and the pain of being abandoned symbolize the disobedience of the monarch and the minister, which makes this poem have a deeper and stronger lyric meaning.
Thirdly, Li Sao is a new poetic style created by Qu Yuan. Its Chu sentence pattern is more free and changeable than the Book of Songs. It often adds an auxiliary word "xi" to the four-character or six-character sentence pattern to form a five-character or seven-character sentence pattern, which is euphemistic and implicit. The new form of poetry is very important for shaping complex artistic images and expressing deeper and stronger emotions.