Dong Xuan, the word Shaoping, is also a person with Liu Chen. ..... after the characteristics of Luoyang. At that time, Princess Huyang was bald and was killed during the day. Because she is hiding in her master's house, officials can't get it. Walk with the Lord, walk with the slaves. Xuan waited for him at Xiamen Pavilion, but stopped to knock on the horse, scratched the ground with a knife, talked about the Lord's fault, scolded the slave for getting off the bus and killed him for love. The Lord will go back to the palace and tell the emperor. The emperor was furious, and Zhao Gong wanted to kill him. Xuan kowtowed and said, "I would like to beg for a word and die." The emperor said, "What do you want to say?" Xuan said, "How can your majesty rule the world when he is virtuous and kills a good man with slaves? I don't need to commit suicide. " That is, slapping the head and bleeding the quilt cover. The emperor ordered Xiao Huangmen to hold it, so that Xuan kowtowed to thank the Lord, refused to accept it, forced him to stop, declared his hands on the ground and refused to bow down. The Lord said, "When Uncle Wen was dressed in white, Zang hid himself from death, and the ministers were afraid to come to the door. Now that I am the son of heaven, can't I do it? " The emperor smiled and said, "The son of heaven is different from white." Because: "the strength has been pointed!" Pay 300 thousand. Announce all the officials in the class. Therefore, it is shocking to fight against a powerful country. Shi Jing was named Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon. The song says, "Don't hit Dong."
Stayed in the county for five years. In seventy-four, he died in an official position. When the messenger came to see us, he saw clothes covered with corpses, his wife crying and barley counted, so we took a ride. The emperor was injured and said, "Dong Xuan is loyal and honest, and he knows it when he dies." Take Xuanwei as 2,000 stones, give it to Ai Ai, and bury it as a doctor's gift.
Dong Xuan was born in Shao Ping and Chen Liu (now Qixian County, Henan Province). ..... was later specially recruited as Luoyang county magistrate. At that time, Princess Huyang's slaves killed people during the day, because they were hiding in the princess's house and officials couldn't catch them. When the princess went out, accompanied by this slave, Dong Xuan waited at the Wanshou Pavilion outside Xiamen, stopped the horses and chariots, fenced the land with a knife, loudly scolded the princess for getting off the bus, and then killed the slave. The princess immediately returned to the palace to complain to Emperor Guangwu. Guangwudi was so angry that he called Dong Xuan and tried to beat him to death with a whip. Dong Xuan kowtowed: "I hope I can ask a word before I die." Emperor Guangwu said, "What do you want to say?" Dong Xuan said, "Your Majesty, you serve your country with good deeds, but you condone domestic slaves to harm the people. How will you govern the world? I didn't wait for the whip to hit me and asked for suicide. " Hit the post with your head immediately, and your face was covered with blood. Emperor Guangwu ordered Dong Xuan to kowtow and apologize to the princess, but Dong Xuan refused. (Emperor Guangwu ordered the little eunuch) forced him to kowtow, and Dong Xuan put his hands on the ground, but refused to bow his head after all. The princess said, "In the past, when my brother was a citizen, he hid fugitives and death row inmates, and officials were afraid to go home. Now that I am an emperor, can't majesty be imposed on a county magistrate? " Guangwudi smiled and said, "Being an emperor is different from being a common people." Immediately ordered: "Hard neck county order!" Reward 300,000 yuan. Dong Xuan distributed it to his officials. Since then, we have caught and cracked down on those who rely on power to run amok, and no one is not afraid. The capital is called Wolong. He praised him and said, "Dong Xuan is a man who doesn't complain with drums."
(Dong Xuan) worked as a county magistrate for five years. At the age of 74, he died in his office. (Emperor Guangwu) summoned the emissary to visit, only to see a body covered with cloth. Dong Xuan's wife and son are crying, and there are only a few bundles of barley and a broken car at home. Emperor Guangwu was very sad and said, "Dong Xuan is very honest. I didn't know until he died." Because Dong Xuan was an official of 2000 Stone, he was given a green ribbon (with buttons) and was buried according to the doctor's etiquette.
(A) common sense of literature
1, Ye Fan, from the biography of corrupt officials in the later Han Dynasty. The word Zong Wei is a historian of Southern Dynasties and Song Dynasty. Write it in the Book of the Later Han Dynasty.
2. The Book of the Later Han Dynasty is a biographical general history, and it is also called "Four History" with Historical Records, History of the Han Dynasty and History of the Three Kingdoms.
(2) Common words
Avoid death: "hiding" leads to "hiding"
(C) the word polysemy
1, use it: use it.
Draw the ground with a knife: use
How will you manage the world? Take it.
That is, hit the hoe with your head: use
Announce all the officials in the class: release
Doctor's funeral: according to
2. Xiamen Pavilion announced: on behalf of the princess and her party.
Talk big, count the mistakes of the master: yes.
Inge killed it: as a domestic slave.
Trying to kill it: on behalf of Dong Xuan.
The emperor ordered Xiaohuangmen to guard it for Dong Xuan.
Forcing it: supplementing coordinated syllables
Song: I represent
The emperor's injury; this situation
Death is known: the integrity of Dong Xuan
3, because hiding in the main house: because
Eng killed it: and then
Reason: So.
4, word count owner: example
There is a barley count: how much?
5. Riding by slaves: driving.
One ride in our car: four horse-drawn cars are one ride, one car.
(D) the different meanings of ancient and modern.
Features (ancient meaning: special recruitment; Meaning: function)
Thank the Lord (ancient meaning: admit mistakes; Meaning: Thank you)
Zhi Dun (ancient meaning: kowtow; Meaning: pause)
Hide from death (ancient meaning: escape; Modern meaning: death)
Strength (ancient meaning: hard neck; Modern significance: competitive projects)
Announce all officials in the class (ancient meaning: distribution; Modern meaning: the name of the collective or organization)
Wife (archaic: wife and son; Modern meaning: husband's spouse)
White dress (ancient meaning: ordinary people; Modern meaning: white clothes)
(5) Special sentence patterns
1, (Dong Xuan) hit the axe with the head: ellipsis.
2. (The emperor) sent an envoy to see: omit the bureau.
3. Announce that officials are in class: omit the presidium.
(The Emperor) gave 300,000 yuan: the bureau was omitted.
5. What are you going to say? Inverted sentence (what do you want to say)
6. How will the world be managed? How will the world be managed?
7. Doctor's burial ceremony: inverted sentence (doctor's burial ceremony)
(6) Text summary
1. Abstract: The article tells the story of Dong Xuan, a county magistrate in the Han Dynasty, who enforced the law impartially and chopped down rich slaves, showing his spirit of not fearing power and enforcing the law impartially and his honest and clean character.
2. This paper uses the method of combining front description and side description to express the characters.
Bao Zheng.
Bao Zheng is from Hefei, Luzhou. ..... Zhitianchang County. If someone steals a person's ox tongue, God will sue. Salvation said, "Go back to your hometown and kill it." Find someone to accuse him of killing a cow without permission. He said, "What's the point of cutting the cow's tongue and telling it?" Steal a surprise suit.
Move to Duanzhou and move to the temple. At the end of the local inkstone, the avant-garde paid tribute and led the dignitaries to visit dozens of times. He who saved his life (made inkstone) can only pay tribute and never return to inkstone.
The Khitan and Khitan invited guests to call for help, saying, "Xiongzhou opened a convenient door to lure me to revolt and stab me in Xinjiang?" Zheng Sheng said, "Zhuozhou has tried to open the door. Why do you have to open the door in Xinjiang? " There is no one like him.
Call Quanzhi Kaifengfu, a doctor in the transfer department. Resolutely save the DPRK, aristocratic eunuchs gathered their hands for it, and they were all afraid of it. People compare Bao Zheng to Huang Heqing, a childish woman, and know her name. She called it "controlling the situation", and the capital said, "If you can't reach the joints, Yamaraja will make you old." Under the old system, you can't go to court. Guarding the front door makes sense straight, and officials dare not bully.
Salvation is steep, evil officials are harsh and honest. Although they hate evil, they have to be loyal and forgiving. I don't agree with others, and I don't try to please others. I live in a selfless book. Therefore, my old friends and pro-party member are absolutely exclusive. Although expensive, clothes, utensils and diet are all like cloth. Taste said, "Later generations are officials, and those who commit stolen goods shall not return to their own homes and shall not be buried in big coffins when they die. If you don't follow my will, you are not my son and grandson. "
Bao Zheng was born in Hefei, Luzhou (now Hefei, Anhui). ..... as Tianchang county magistrate. A thief cut the tongue of someone else's farm cow, and the owner of the cow complained. Bao Zheng said, "Just go home and kill the cow and sell it." Soon another man came and accused others of slaughtering cattle without permission. Bao Zheng said: "(Why) say goodbye to people cutting their tongues?" The thief was surprised and envious.
(Bao Zheng) was transferred to Duanzhou as magistrate and promoted to Cheng in the temple. This place in Duanzhou produces inkstones. The last magistrate took advantage of the tribute to collect dozens of times as many inkstones as tribute and gave them to the dignitaries of the dynasty. Bao Zheng ordered the inkstone to be made only to satisfy the tribute, and he didn't take a inkstone home in power for a whole year.
When Bao Zheng arrived in Khitan, Khitan ordered the ceremony officer to say to Bao Zheng, "Recently, Xiongzhou City (in your country) opened a private door to lure traitors in our country in order to spy on frontier intelligence, right?" Bao Zheng said: "Zhuozhou City (in your country) once opened a private door. Why do you have to open a private door to peek at the border? " Men are speechless.
(Bao Zheng was summoned by the imperial court), acting as the temporary Kaifeng prefect Yin, was promoted to doctor right. Bao Zheng was strong and determined in the imperial court, so he became a eunuch. People who have heard of Bao Zheng are afraid of him. People compare Bao Zheng's smile to the clear water of the Yellow River (a hard thing to happen). Children and women, who all know his reputation, call him a "waiting system." So people in the capital say, "Yan Luowang and old man Bao are the ones who can't get along." According to the old rules, no one can complain directly to the official office (submit a complaint). Bao Zheng opened the front door of the yamen, so that the person who complained could directly state the merits in front of him, and the small officials would not dare to cheat the chief executive.
Bao Zheng's personality is rigorous and upright, and he is very disgusted with the harsh wind of officials, so that he is loyal and honest. Although he is very annoying, there is no one who does not conduct government affairs with loyalty and forgiveness. (He) doesn't associate with people at will, doesn't please others with clever words, and doesn't have personal correspondence at ordinary times, even his relatives and friends are cut off. Although the official position is very high, eating, eating, rice, oil and salt are the same as being a civilian. He once said: "Later generations are officials, taking bribes and bending the law, and they are not allowed to return to their hometowns, and they are not allowed to be buried in family cemeteries when they die. If you don't listen to my will, you won't be my descendants. "
(A) common sense of literature
1, it is very useful for historians of the Yuan Dynasty to take it off. Excerpt from the biography of Bao Zheng in Song Dynasty.
2, Bao Zheng, the word attacks people.
(B) the word polysemy
1, take dozens of powerful conjunctions, come on, use them.
Is to lure me to revolt, to stab things in Xinjiang "conjunction, so that
There is no correct preposition, rely on
People compare Bao Zheng's smile to Huang Heqing's preposition.
Instead of pushing loyalty and forgiveness as prepositions, rely on
2. Killed and stolen cattle.
What is it that the owner of the cow cut off his tongue and told the next generation?
Noble eunuchs crossed their hands for their "fortitude to save the DPRK"
Bao Zheng, a generation afraid to hear.
Shi Jing is the language of Bao Zheng's fame.
Bao Zheng, an old friend and pro-Party.
3, and kill it, the table is smooth.
What is cutting the cow's tongue and telling it? This is a turning point.
It is a turning point in promoting loyalty and forgiveness.
(3) Different meanings in ancient and modern times
1, find the person who has come to sue for killing cattle (ancient meaning: soon; Modern significance: looking for)
2, selfless book (ancient meaning: private letter; Today's meaning: private collection)
3, the joints are not enough, there is Yamaraja to protect the elderly (ancient meaning: secretly bribing, colluding; Modern meaning: where bones are connected)
Special sentence patterns
(1) sentence
1, Bao Zheng, from Hefei, Luzhou. (Judging from the Leaf Table)
2, not from my ambition, not from my son and grandson. ("Fei … Ye" means negative judgment)
(2) Elliptic sentences
1. Find someone to sue for killing cattle (omit the object "county government" after "Lai")
2. A childish woman, who also knows her name, calls her Bao (omitting the object "Bao Zheng" after Hu).
Keep the front door open so that it is straight (omit the object "party" after "yes")
4. Descendants are officials who have committed stolen goods (omit the "if" before "you")
5. Call for Kaifeng's right to know (omit the subject "Bao Zheng")
(3) Inverted sentences
What is cutting the cow's tongue and telling it ("what" should be "why")
How will you manage the world? ("What" should be "Why")
(5) Text summary
The text narrates five things about Bao Zheng, which shapes the image of Bao Zheng as an honest official, benefiting one party, and highlights the qualities of Bao Zheng, such as wit, honesty, eloquence, self-denial, strict law enforcement and honesty.
28. Yue Fei
Flying is filial, and there is no maid at home. Wu Jun in uniform was willing to have sex with him and left his name. He flew up and said, "Lord, this is a beautiful night!" " But it's not. Very admired. Or ask, "When will the world be peaceful?" Fei said, "Civil servants don't love money, military officers don't hesitate to die, and the world is at peace." Every time the division retreats, the soldiers in the class jump into the ditch and pay attention to Xi Zhi. If a pawn takes a wisp of hemp from the people to bind grass, he will cut it to show his partiality. If you die overnight, the people will open the door and accept it. Dare not enter, the bugle "freeze to death without tearing down the house, starve to death without looting." The pawn is sick and his parents adjust the medicine. The general was far away, and his wife asked his family. The dead cry to raise their orphans. There were prizes, all for the military attache, and Qiu didn't commit any crimes. Get twice the result with half the effort and hit the public. If you do one thing, call all the controls, plan and fight, and you will succeed. Don't move when you meet the enemy suddenly. Therefore, the enemy said, "It is easy to shake the mountain, but difficult to shake the Yue family army." Zhang Jun tasted the art of using soldiers, and flew up and said, "Benevolence, faithfulness, wisdom, courage, strictness and skill are indispensable." Every time I adjust the rations, I will frown and say, "Southeastern people are exhausted!" A virtuous and polite person is no worse than a Confucian scholar, singing songs and swinging pots. Every time I resign, I will say, "What are the benefits of being a soldier?"
Yue Fei is very filial to her mother, and there are no maids and concubines at home. Wu Jun has always admired Yue Fei and wanted to make friends with him. He dressed up a beautiful woman for him. Yue Fei said: "The emperor dresses before dawn and eats and rests when it is late. Is it time for military commanders to enjoy happiness? " Decline. Wu Jun was impressed. Someone asked Yue Fei, "When can the world be called peaceful?" Yue Fei replied: "When civil servants don't love money and concentrate on making profits for the people, military officers are brave enough to serve the country and are not afraid of sacrifice, the world will be peaceful." Whenever the army rested, Yue Fei urged the soldiers to climb mountains and jump trenches, and made them put on heavy armor to practice. As long as the soldiers grab a hemp rope from the people and tie it with forage, they will be beheaded immediately. The soldiers camped at night, and the people opened the door to express their willingness to accept it, but no one dared to enter. Yue Jiajun claimed that "it is better to freeze to death than to tear down people's houses to keep warm, and it is better to starve to death than to rob people of food to satisfy their hunger." The soldier was ill, and Yue Fei personally prepared medicine for him. On the expedition, Yue Fei's wife went to their home to offer condolences. Some of them died in battle, shed tears for him and raised his orphans. The court rewarded the officers and men, but they didn't take any of them. Yue Fei is good at winning more with less. Anyone who takes action will gather his officers, negotiate and decide, and then fight, so soldiers will win wherever they go. I don't panic when the enemy attacks me suddenly. Therefore, the enemy commented on Yue Jiajun: "It is easy to shake the mountain, but difficult to shake the Yue Jiajun." Zhang Jun once asked Yue Fei how to fight. Yue Fei replied: "Benevolence, faithfulness, wisdom, courage and strictness are indispensable." Every time the rations are dispatched, Yue Fei will frown and say anxiously, "People in the southeast are running out of strength!" " Yue Fei respects talents and is polite to scholars. He usually sings elegant poems and plays the game of throwing cans. He is as modest and prudent as a scholar. Every time he politely declined to make meritorious service, the court added an official to him, and he would say, "This is the strength contributed by soldiers. What contribution did Yue Fei make? " However, Yue Fei's views on state affairs are radical and there is no room for people to talk about problems. In the end, this caused disaster.
(A) common sense of literature
Selected from History of Song Dynasty.
1, by Bi Yuan, the word Qiu Fan.
2. Yue Fei: a famous anti-Jin general in the Southern Song Dynasty.
(B) the word polysemy
1, Fu Fei, Su Jun, Su Wu: forever.
You can tune the pipa: simple and unpretentious.
The clothes came out in plain clothes: white.
2. Decoration name: Dai
They all use the ambition of heavy armor: training content for others.
Crying to raise their orphans: on behalf of the "dead"
So the enemy said: it is invincible to Yue Jiajun.
Zhang Jun tried the art of asking questions and using troops: Yes.
What are the advantages of flying: the symbol of the prepositional object
3, adjust the pawn has a disease, pro-drug adjustment: modulation, deployment
Every time I adjust the rations, I will frown and say, mobilize.
(3) Different meanings in ancient and modern times
The soldiers in the class jumped into the ditch. Modern significance: the theme of teaching)
Or ask (archaic: some people; Meaning: or)
Flying things near filial piety (ancient meaning: serving; Meaning: things)
But it is not (ancient meaning: refuse; Today's meaning: the table has turned)
Ask the way to fight (ancient meaning: once; Meaning: try)
Special sentence patterns
(1) ellipsis sentence
(Yue Fei) died of illness, and his parents adjusted the medicine.
Every time (the court) rations, (Yue Fei) will frown.
Award (by the imperial court) and (by Yue Fei) to the military attache. (Military officials) have not committed any crimes (people).
(5) The body part
The text narrates Yue Fei's deeds from three aspects: filial piety, loyalty, being good at running the army and caring for the people, and praises Yue Fei's lofty spirit of loyalty to the country, wisdom and courage, and not taking credit.
29. Two examples
Unnecessary worry
People in Qi were sent to die, forgetting to eat and sleep. People who are worried about each other, because they know it, say, "God, I got gas in my ears and forgot it when I died. If you bend over and stretch and stay in the sky all day, why worry about falling? "
The man said, "The sky is full of gas, so the sun, the moon and the stars should not set?"
The knower said, "The sun, the moon and the stars are also full of glory, so they can only fall, not slander."
The man said, "What happened to Naidi?"
At dawn, he said, "A spike in the ground will make up for the four deficiencies, and if it dies, it will die. If you hesitate to do this and stop on the ground all day, why worry? "
Happy are those who give up, and happy are those who know.
Qi is personally worried that the sky will fall, there is nowhere to live, and he can't sleep well all day and can't eat. Another person worried about Qi's sorrow went to enlighten him and said, "The sky is just accumulated gas, and there is no place without air." You move, breathe, breathe, and move in the sky all day. Why are you worried that the sky will fall? "The man said," If the sky is really gas, won't the sun, moon and stars fall? The person who enlightened him said, "The sun, the moon and the stars are also things that shine in the sky. Even if it falls, it won't hurt anything. " The man said, "What if the ground sinks? The person who enlightened him said, "The ground is just a pile of clods, which are everywhere. There is no place without clods. You stand on the ground and walk around all day. Why worry about sinking? "(after this person explained) Qi was relieved and very happy; The people who enlightened him were relieved and happy.
Yang bu hits the dog
Yang Zhu's brother, Ella, came out dressed in white. It began to rain, and Yang Bu took off his white clothes and went home in black. His dog didn't recognize him and rushed forward to call him. Yang Bu was very angry and was about to hit the dog. Yang Zhu said, "I can't jump, but I'm still alive. Is it any wonder that your dog came in the dark for nothing? "
Yang Zhu's younger brother is called Yang Bu. He wore a white dress and went out. It was raining, so he took off his white clothes and went home in a black suit. His dog didn't recognize Yang Bu, so he called him and barked at him. Yang Bu was so angry that he picked up a stick and wanted to hit the dog.
Yang Zhu saw it and said, "Stop hitting the dog, you will be like this yourself. Wouldn't you be surprised if your dog went out white and came back black? "
(A) common sense of literature
This article is selected from Liezi, which is said to have been written by Lieyukou when the country was founded. Lieyukou, according to legend, was a Taoist priest in the Warring States Period. He was called "a man with a road" before his death.
(B) the word polysemy
(1) People who have concerns about each other: Yes.
Learn from the past: replace others.
Accumulated gas is glorious: yes.
Yang Zhu's brother said, Yes.
His dog didn't know, so he greeted him and called, Dai Yangbu.
When Yang Bu gets angry, he will jump on him: not the dog.
(C) the flexible use of parts of speech
No wonder: I feel strange.
(D) the different meanings of ancient and modern.
1, because I went to Xiao Zhi (ancient meaning: enlighten; Meaning: understand, know)
2, the child has no offense (ancient meaning: fighting; Today's meaning: lying on an object)
(E) Classical Chinese sentence patterns
No wonder:: A rhetorical question.