Pu Feng (1911~1942), a famous revolutionary poet, is a representative of the contemporary realistic poetry school. Formerly known as Felix Wong Yat Wa, he used to be Huang Pufang and Huang Piaoxia (1935 signed when he went to Japan at his own expense to print "Flamingo in June"). , and commonly used pen name Buffon (since the 1930s, see "New Poetry, Literature, Light" and so on. ). 19 1 1 was born in Kengmei Village, Longwen Township, Meixian County, Guangdong Province on September 9. 1927 joined the Chinese communist youth league, 1930 joined the Communist Party of China (CPC). 1938 During the second cooperation between China and China, he was sent to the 922nd regiment of the Kuomintang Army154th Division as the captain's secretary. /kloc-in the autumn of 0/940, he joined the New Fourth Army and served as the deputy director of the Southern Anhui Federation of Literary and Art Circles (then called "Wen Kang Zong"). In a difficult environment, he fought with the army with a pen in one hand and a gun in the other, and persisted in resisting Japan. 1August 1942 13 died in Tianchang county, Anhui province at the age of 3 1. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, he was chased as a revolutionary martyr. Its name is engraved on the monument to the martyrs of the New Fourth Army in southern Anhui.
Pu Feng wrote a total of 15 poems, 4 poems and literary works (including the preface to comments) and 2 translated poems. His name and life story have been recorded in Cihai, Dictionary of China Writers, Biography of Revolutionary Martyrs, Figures of the New Fourth Army, History of Modern Literature in China, Biography of Modern Writers in China, Commentary on Modern Writers in China and Encyclopedia of China.
Chinese name: Felix Wong Yat Wa.
Alias: Pu Feng, Huang Feng, Huang Piaoxia, etc.
Nationality: China.
Ethnic group: Han nationality
Birthplace: Kengmei Village, Longwen Town, Meixian County, Guangdong Province
Date of birth: 19 1 1 September 9, 2008.
Date of death:1August 94213rd.
Occupation: revolutionary poet
Main achievements: once served as deputy director of the Southern Anhui Federation of Literary and Art Circles of the New Fourth Army.
Representative works: Fire in June, Light of Truth, Diary of Pu Feng, etc.
The life of the character
After graduating from primary school in my hometown, I was admitted to Meicheng Yi Xue Middle School in 14 (1925). At this time, it was the Huangpu student army that moved eastward to Mei. Under the influence of revolutionary thoughts, he joined the Communist Youth League in China. After the "April 12th Incident", Pu Feng was deeply educated, resolutely gave up his study life, returned to his hometown and actively participated in social activities, and wrote a poem "The Voice of the Crow". This poem reflects the reality of the struggle between light and darkness after the failure of the Great Revolution. Soon, forced by the situation, he left his hometown and went to Nanyang to live with his brother in Indonesia. Although he was in a foreign country, in order to explore the truth and pursue progress, he cooperated with his friends and edited and published the occasional publication "Gale" in his hometown. Later, with the support of his brother, he returned to the motherland and studied at Shanghai Public School. Soon, he joined the "Left League".
2 1 (1932) organized "China Poetry Society" with Yang Sao, Mu, Ren Jun and others. He is the general affairs officer and the most active poet in the poetry club. At the same time, he established contact with poetry clubs in Beiping, Guangzhou and Qingdao. Later, he published a long poem "Night" in "New Poetry" of Hebei Branch. Soon after, the first book of poetry, Infinite Night, was published in Shanghai. In the twenty-third year of the Republic of China (1934), he traveled to Japan, organized a symposium on new poetry, and published many collections of poems such as Poetry and Poetic Life. The following year, he published a long narrative poem "Wandering Fire in June", in which "Liu Tie" was the first poem praising the Red Army's 25,000-mile long March, which was praised by Guo Moruo and others. After the North China Incident, the anti-Japanese movement flourished all over the country. On the eve of the Anti-Japanese War (1936), Pu Feng returned from Japan, ran and shouted for the Anti-Japanese War and saved the nation, and wrote the famous patriotic poem "We Meet the Storm". He shouted in the poem: "Our iron fist needs to resist the enemy! Our iron fist needs to fight! " Soon, he returned to Meixian, his hometown, expanded Meixian branch of China Poetry into Lingdong branch of China Poetry, and published Lingdong Magazine of China Poetry. At this time, he strongly advocated national defense poetry, making poetry a weapon to resist Japan and save the country, and personally went to the masses to publicize, explain and recite. He lived a poor and thrifty life. He also took out money to print poetry pamphlets and gave them to readers free of charge, spreading modern poetry among the masses, and made contributions to the progress of China's revolutionary new poetry towards realism and popularization.
In the 27th year of the Republic of China (1938), Pu Feng joined the China * * * Production Party and joined the anti-Japanese army in the same year. Later, the China Party Organization arranged for his husband and wife to do literary propaganda work in the military department of the New Fourth Army in southern Anhui, and served as the deputy director of the Southern Anhui Federation of Literary and Art Circles of the New Fourth Army. He used battle poems to inspire soldiers, and his works were mostly published in newspapers such as New Road East Newspaper (the predecessor of Huainan Daily). He published 16 poems, 2 translated poems and 3 poems, which made great contributions to the development of revolutionary new poetry in China. His Night, Mother, Armed Yuan Ye and Mountains and Rivers were selected as Modern Hundred Poems, which occupies an important position in China's poetry circles.
After the Southern Anhui Incident (194 1), Pu Feng moved to Huainan Anti-Japanese Base with the New Fourth Army. At that time, the environment was very poor and life was very hard. He has been suffering from lung disease for a long time, and his illness is getting worse and worse. On August/2, 3 1 (1942) of the Republic of China, Pu Feng died at the age of 32 in Tianchang County, Anhui Province, an anti-Japanese base area in Huainan. The memorial service was presided over by Fang Yi. An album commemorating Pu Feng's death was also released in the southern Anhui base area.
In the early stage of his poems, he mainly described the sufferings, disasters and resistance of the oppressed peasants, and the theme in the later stage was to praise the anti-Japanese and anti-imperialism. His poems are passionate, unpretentious and easy to understand. In addition to lyricism with true feelings, there are long narrative poems, satirical poems, dialect poems and postcard poems.
Biographical record
Pu Feng devoted himself to the movement of new poetry all his life, taking poetry as a weapon of struggle. 17 years old, Chiang Kai-shek launched the "April 12th counter-revolutionary coup", and he wrote a poem "The Voice of the Crow", which reflected the reality that light and darkness continued to struggle after the failure of 1927 Great Revolution. 1930, he went to Shanghai, studied in China College, and joined the League of Chinese Left-wing Writers. 1September, 932, Mu, Ren Jun, Yang Sao and others initiated the establishment of the "Chinese Poetry Society" and published the magazine "New Poetry", which used poetry as a weapon to sweep away the negative and decadent trend of poetry circles. He is the executive director of the Chinese Poetry Society. In addition to working in the General Association, he also kept close contact with China Poetry Branches in Hebei, Huzhou, Guangzhou, Qingdao and Xiamen, and did a lot of conference work. Ren Jun, a poet, once said, "If the Chinese Poetry Society really promoted the new poetry movement in China, Pu Feng's contribution is obviously the greatest".
1934, Pu Feng published his masterpiece Night in Hebei Branch of New Poetry, and published his first book of poetry under this name. This is the creative achievement that he lived in the countryside for a long time and personally saw and felt that the peasants wanted revolution.
From 65438 to 0935, Pu Feng went to Tokyo, actively participated in the activities of the "Left-wing League" in Tokyo, organized a "poetry symposium" with the progressive young people studying in Japan, and founded the magazine "Poetry" with Lei and Lin Lin. At the same time, keep close contact with domestic poets. In this year, the long narrative poem "Wandering Fire in June" was published, in which the section "Liu Tie" praised the 25,000-mile Long March led by China's * * * production party for the first time in the history of China's new poetry.
1936 During the spring and summer, Pu Feng returned from Tokyo and wrote the poem "I am facing the storm" with high patriotic enthusiasm, expressing the poet's firm belief of "gathering hundreds of millions of iron hands" and "tenacious struggle" against the storm and winning victory for the motherland. At the end of this summer, he applied for a job in Fuzhou from Qingdao via Shanghai and worked as a Chinese teacher in the middle school affiliated to Fujian University (now Fuzhou No.2 Middle School). While teaching, he insisted on writing in his spare time and devoted himself to cultivating young poets. During his stay in Fuzhou, he and his student Ye Kegen collaborated to translate the Poems of Bodhisattva Hanggeng, which was published by Guangzhou Poetry Publishing House.
1937 65438+1In mid-October, Pu Feng went to Shantou. Introduced by a friend, he worked in the local Xinghua Daily and launched a literary forum in Shantou to carry out poetry activities. In mid-May, he went to Xiamen to organize a poetry symposium with young poets Tong Qinglan and Chen Shengzi. Elected as director and editor-in-chief of Xiamen Poetry Magazine. After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, Pu Feng took an active part in the preparation and organization of the anti-enemy support meeting in Xiamen cultural circles. He is one of the five members of the presidium of the conference and was elected as an executive member. In mid-August, he left Xiamen for Guangzhou, organized a "Guangzhou Poetry Symposium" with local poetry friend Huang and others, and participated in the editing of "Guangzhou Poetry Talk"; 10 year 10 in late October, Pu Feng suggested that the Guangzhou poetry circle be renamed China poetry circle, and he still served as editor.
During this period, he took the new poetry movement as his own responsibility and ran around. Within a few years, he published Life, Song of Steel, Song of Shake the Blue, Trilogy of Anti-Japanese War, Ode to the Maker of Light, Under Our Banner, In the Dark Corner and the second long narrative poetry collection Poor Man, and wrote many street poems and postcard poems.
In order to realize the ideal of poetry creation and popularization, he seriously discussed the national form of new poetry in On Poetry, and wrote On Anti-Japanese Poetry, Modern Poetry in China, Preface and so on. 1935 published a bird's-eye view of China's poetry circles since the May 4th Movement in Poetry Quarterly, made a general analysis of different schools of new poetry, publicized the creative direction of Chinese poetry society, and introduced some influential poets and works.
1938 is a turning point in Pu Feng's life and creation. He decided to join the army, responded to Zhong's call of "fighting for millions of people to enter the anti-Japanese national United front", and entered the 922 regiment of the Kuomintang Army 154 Division under the pseudonym of "Huang Feng", serving as the chief secretary of the regiment and the rank of captain. The head of the team, Wu Luxun, was an officer of the 19th Route Army who fought against the Japanese invaders. Being respected in the army, Pu Feng continued to create, published a postcard collection of poems, The Gloss of Truth, and sorted out his own translation of the long poem Twelve by the Russian poet Brock.
In the autumn of the same year, he was ordered to go to Guangzhou to receive a large number of anti-Japanese young students back to the army. He was bombed by the Japanese invaders in Zengcheng, lost contact with the army, and sneaked back to his hometown (note: during this period, some people falsely reported that Buffon was a service sacrifice, while others wrote an article to mourn). I was hired as a teacher in Meixian Guoguang Middle School, and I am still passionate about poetry creation. He founded Seven-Day Poetry Magazine, edited Fengyun Bimonthly, co-edited China Poetry (Lingdong Magazine) with his poetry friends, and participated in editing Wartime Literature (monthly). He has always advocated taking poetry as a weapon and actively participating in local anti-Japanese and national salvation activities.
/kloc-in the spring of 0/940, he married Xie Peizhen (later renamed Yu Fei, pen name dove, Tian Zhen, from Lianjiang, Fujian) in Meizhou Guoguang Middle School. In August, he left Meizhou with his new wife and went to the office of the Eighth Route Army in Guilin, Guangxi, where Li Kenong, director of the office, introduced him to the anti-Japanese democratic base. Leading dozens of colleagues, through Hunan and Jiangxi, through many blockade lines and overcoming many difficulties, arrived at the military headquarters of the New Fourth Army in southern Anhui in the early winter of this year. On the battlefield, he wrote a lot of wall poems, flyer poems, postcard poems, short poems, lyrics and so on. This encouraged the soldiers to bravely resist Japan. After the Battle of Huainan, he wrote a narrative poem "Pamigang" in popular language and recited it at the mass meeting, which left a deep impression on the participants. This is a glorious page in his life. He holds both a gun and a pen. He is both a soldier and a poet.
1942, Pu Feng died in Tianchang County, Anhui Province in August of 13, at the age of 32, because of overwork in marching life and recurrence of lung disease. The local anti-Japanese base area once printed a special issue to mourn the death of Pu Feng; Fang Yi, head of the local administrative office, presided over the memorial service and escorted the body to the cemetery with his comrades. Buffon's body was buried on a mound (now Xuyi County, Jiangsu Province), a small village near Ge Jia Lane between Banta Town, Hanjian Town and xinpu town in this county. Before he died, he wrote this sentence in a poem: If I die in battle, when you bury me, turn my head to the south and face my dear hometown! This shows how much the poet loves his dear hometown!
Pu Feng wrote 15 poems, 4 poems and literary works (among which "Preface Poem" was unpublished) and 2 translated poems. There are also two diaries, one of which is complete, which records the details of his work, life and creation in Fuzhou, Shantou, Xiamen, Guangzhou and Hong Kong from June 65438 to June 65438+June 0938, as well as the development of the new poetry movement. His poems not only spread to Hong Kong and Nanyang, but also were translated and introduced to foreign readers by Japanese and Soviet scholars. Japanese scholar and poet Professor Akishino Jiukifu began to study Pu Feng in 1960s. /kloc-0 made a special trip to Fuzhou, Guangzhou, Shanghai and other places in China in the spring of 1985, and later published six papers in Japanese literary circles, including Pu Feng's creative activities in Japan, Pu Feng's postcard poems and Pu Feng's satirical poems.
Pu Feng's poetry creation always insists on serving life and reality. His name and life story have been included in Cihai, China Dictionary of Literati, Biography of Revolutionary Martyrs, Figures of the New Fourth Army, Modern Literature Officials in China, Brief Introduction of Modern Writers in China, Review of Modern Writers in China and Encyclopedia of China.
Style of works
Pu Feng's new poetry theory emphasizes connotation, puts forward realistic poetry and advocates popular poetry. In order to realize the ideal of poetry creation and popularization, he made a serious discussion on the national form of new poetry in On Poetry, including On Anti-Japanese Poetry, Modern Poetry in China, Preface Comment, Long Night, and Wandering Fire in June. 1935 published a bird's-eye view of China's poetry circles since the May 4th Movement in Poetry Quarterly, made a general analysis of different schools of new poetry, publicized the creative direction of the Chinese Poetry Society, and evaluated some influential poets and works.
Pu Feng is the main representative of the Chinese Poetry Society. His poems are characterized by simplicity, simplicity, rich imagination, unique images and emphasis on philosophy. His new poetry creation and theoretical research have had a great influence on modern poetry. His poetry theory includes: the new realistic poetry literature, the popularization of poetry, the national defense poetry movement and the basic theory of China's new poetry creation. Put forward the development direction of poetry, expound the disadvantages of poetry facing the public, serving the public and attacking poetry creation; Strongly expressed the enthusiasm of loving the country and hometown, bravely pursued the revolutionary truth, and inspired people's fighting spirit and patriotic feelings. The language of poetry is easy to understand, which embodies the rich, simple, clear and realistic poetic style.
Catalogue of works
Long Night (Poetry Collection) 1934, International Compilation Hall.
Wandering fire in June (long story poem) 1935, Tokyo Huangpiaoxia.
Life (Poetry Collection) 1936, Poets Club.
Song of Steel (Poetry Collection) 1936, Poetry Publishing House.
Cradle Song (Poetry) 1937, Poetry Publishing House.
Poor guy (long narrative poem) 1937, Poetry Publishing House.
Trilogy of Anti-Japanese War (Poetry Collection) 1937, Poetry Publishing House.
Under our banner (poetry anthology) 1938, Poetry Publishing House.
The Gloss of Truth (Postcard Poetry) 1938, Poetry Publishing House.
In the dark corner (satirical poetry anthology) 1938, Poetry Publishing House.
Selected street poems (anthology) 1938, Poetry Publishing House.
Modern China Poetry (Prose) 1938, Poetry Publishing House.
Lecture Notes on Anti-Japanese War Poetry (Essay) 1938, Poetry Publishing House.
Children's Red Guards (Children's Poetry) 1939, Poetry Publishing House.
Lincoln, Savior of the Oppressed Nation (long narrative poem) 1939, Poetry Publishing House.
Ode to the Light Maker (poetry anthology) 1939, Poetry Publishing House.
Selected Poems of Pu Feng (anthology of poems) 1957, writer.
Selected Works of Pu Feng (Volume I, Poetry Collection) 1985, Strait.
Russian Pu Shigeng translated Pu Shigeng's poems, translated by Ye Shaogen, 1938, Poetry Publishing House.