"Bold and unconstrained" and "graceful and restrained" are both ancient styles. The Dictionary of Song Ci, published in 2003, has a special explanation for the bold and graceful ci style. According to the textual research of the author of this book, the original meaning of the word Shu Wei Zhang Yichuan has nothing to do with literature. As a literary term, it was first seen in Poetry. Ouyang Xiu, Wang Anshi, Su Shi and Su Zhe all used the word "bold and unconstrained" to evaluate poetry, and Su Dongpo himself was the first to use it to comment on poetry.
The word "graceful and restrained" appeared earlier and has been used in Guoyu Wuyu. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, people used it to describe the style of poetry and artistic works. During the Tang and Five Dynasties, it became the standard generalization of the mainstream style of Ci, that is, the so-called "graceful and restrained" authenticity.
However, it was Zhang Xi 'an, a literary critic in Ming Dynasty, who combined the two to improve them, thus distinguishing the basic style of Song Ci. His view that the style of ci is divided into "graceful" and "bold" became a conclusion as soon as it came out. He wrote such a passage in "Poems". Every example ":
The style of words is slightly different: graceful and unconstrained. Graceful and restrained people get their meaning, while uninhibited people want their weather to be magnificent. The cover also exists in himself, such as Qin Shaoyou's works, which are mostly graceful and restrained; Most of perilla's profound works are uninhibited. Generally speaking, the style of ci is graceful, so Dongpo called it "the hand of modern ci"?
1, graceful and restrained school and its main poets:
In the early Northern Song Dynasty, the main poets were Yan Shu and his son, Ouyang Xiu, Fan Zhongyan and Liu Yong. Their ci is a continuation of the feminine ci style in the Five Dynasties, especially in the Southern Tang Dynasty, and at the same time, it has been partially expanded, and most of them describe men and women in a small order, which is elegant, spacious, beautiful and exquisite. Yan Shu's and Ouyang Xiu's ci styles are strictly combined, and a sad and sentimental mood is revealed in the twists and turns, which is profound, profound, sincere and touching. Among them, as a representative of graceful and restrained school, Liu Yong achieved the highest achievement in this period.
2. The Boldness School and its main poets.
Of course, another major genre of ci is the bold school, which is relatively graceful. Their differences are: the bold school basically attaches importance to patriotism and national atmosphere, and its content is healthy and inspirational; The graceful school, on the other hand, takes the love and affair of children as the description object, and its thoughts are superficial. ?
Song ci from Liu Yong to Su Shi. Su Shi took poetry as his ci, which "washed away the elegance and fragrance, got rid of the precautions", broke the limitation of the theme content of ci and expanded the artistic conception of ci; He broke through the barrier that Ci is a colorful subject, and was unique outside the graceful ci writers. It improves the taste of ci, and makes ci break through the bondage of melody to a certain extent and become an independent new poetic style. Su Shi comprehensively reformed the traditional ci style and led the development of ci history to "all the way up". The patriotic ci school and Xin ci school in the Southern Song Dynasty were his successors. Su Shi, with his skillful brushwork and the spirit of expanding territory, has created an unprecedented bold and unconstrained style in the field of ci poetry with almost graceful charm.