Textbook analysis
Cambridge: Cambridge, a famous academic and cultural center and scenic spot in Britain. It is the place where Xu Zhimo once studied and lived, and his feelings are deep. 1In the autumn of 920, Xu Zhimo went to London via the United States and studied at Cambridge University and London University successively. 1922 in the first half of the year, he changed from a special student in the Royal College of Cambridge University to a formal graduate student. After half a year's formal student life, I returned to China in mid-August. 1923 In March, Cambridge's first poem was published in the current affairs news-Cambridge in the club, but it was loose and lengthy in art and the effect was not good. /kloc-0 visited London again in July, 925. 1926 10 wrote a famous masterpiece of modern prose-Cambridge as I know it; 1928 came to England for the third time in August, 10 on his way back to China in October,10/6, and he was inspired to write a classic handed down from generation to generation-farewell to Cambridge. Cambridge, written by Xu Zhimo, is full of life and spirituality, with a gentle and elegant demeanor of the poet, which is integrated with the poet's feelings. The poet's feelings are not straightforward, but warm and measured; A faint beginning, a faint ending, but contains many complex emotions, which makes people have rich associations and aftertaste. Biekangqiao not only inherits the tradition of classical poetry, but also injects modern people's deep affection for their alma mater, transcending the general sigh of parting and attachment, and has the symbolic significance of modern intellectuals' self-esteem and pursuit of freedom. The language is fresh and full of musical beauty. The language of this poem has the outstanding characteristics of simplicity and fluency, but it is also deeply tempered and has no traces of carving. The metaphor in the poem is fresh, accurate and vivid, flowing naturally like running water, without the Europeanization tendency of new poetry at that time.
Teaching emphasis: experience the beauty of poetry.
Teaching difficulty: the creation of artistic conception.
Teaching objectives:
1. Knowledge and skill goal: Feel the strong artistic appeal of Xu Zhimo's poems with gorgeous and light language, neat composition and harmonious and soft rhyme.
2. Emotional value goal: to experience the integration of emotional style and personal experience in Xu Zhimo's poems.
3. Process and method Objective: To understand the rhythmic beauty of poetry; Experience the repetition of poetry.
Student analysis
In the previous courses, the images and symbols of poetry were introduced and used, which is an introductory method to appreciate poetry. This lesson then uses this method to study and explore A Farewell to Cambridge, a pearl in the history of modern poetry, and appreciate the beauty of its artistic conception. Students are interested in poetry, but they can't appreciate it, so they teach and train poetry.
design concept
As a famous bourgeois gentleman poet in the history of modern literature in China, Xu Zhimo can be said to be the soul of new poetry, and it is not too much to call him a "philosopher of poetry" or a "poet saint". Mao Dun said that he was both a "pioneer poet" and a "last poet" of China bourgeoisie, and his successors could not catch up with him. His new poems are immortal, and his behavior and character are appreciated and loved by his peers, friends and students. Although his persistent pursuit of love is a romantic story in the literary world and he has many regrets, his pure humanitarian feelings of advocating freedom, equality and fraternity and his spirit of pursuing the true meaning of life are earth-shattering. As the soul of the Crescent Society, his achievements in poetry creation should be regarded as the level of literature in this century, but his prose style is also unique. Therefore, it is adopted: reading entries and appreciating poems; Associative comparison and appreciation evaluation teaching method.
teaching process
(A), reading appreciation, overall perception
1. Read and enjoy, and read the correct pronunciation:
Luo Qing (xìng) flute with long pole (gāo) and long back (ù) and sheng (shēng).
2. What impression did Farewell to Cambridge leave on you?
Read the text aloud, combine the Cambridge as I Know (Chinese Reader P 1 18) and the related materials just introduced, give full play to your imagination and make an oral composition: "Xu Zhimo is in Cambridge".
Hint: Farewell to Cambridge is the most outstanding farewell poem of China in the 20th century, just like a soft serenade. The poet's free nature, chic and elegant style and Cambridge's quiet and beautiful natural scenery combine to form a unique poetic beauty.
Example: Xu Zhimo once said in "Cambridge as I Know It": "The spirituality of Cambridge is all on a river; I dare say that He Kang is the most beautiful water in the world. " The winding crystal clear river, the long grass floating in the river, the evergreen lawns on both sides of the river, the weeping willows at both ends of the bridge, the magnificent church standing on the shore, the solemn and beautiful college building ... Xu Zhimo likes this place very much and is intoxicated by this elegant, beautiful, quiet and harmonious nature. In the morning, or in the evening, he often reads books on tapestry grass. Sometimes he leans over to watch the flowing water of He Kanghe River, sometimes he looks up at the clouds in the sky, sometimes he paddles in He Kanghe River with a long pole, and sometimes he rides a bicycle in the sunset, chasing the vast sun on the horizon alone ... He Kang nourishes Xu Zhimo with her unique spirituality. When Xu Zhimo recalled Cambridge, he once said that "I" (smoking and culture) Cambridge created a poet full of spirit.
(B), analysis and appreciation, experience the artistic conception
Section 1 "I left gently, just as I came gently; I waved my hand gently and bid farewell to the clouds in the western sky. "
This section is about a long-lost classmate leaving his alma mater, and the poet used a "gentle" farewell to highlight the "quiet" tone. Four short poems set off a quiet sunset and made a quiet farewell gesture. The poet once said: "The most gradual and gorgeous dusk in April and May is really golden. Spending an evening by the He Kang River is a tonic for the soul! " At the beginning of the poem, the three words "tenderness" used intentionally show their love and parting for He Kang, which makes us feel that the poet seems to stand on tiptoe like a breeze and swing away quietly; And the deepest affection, in the tide, has become a "floating cloud in the west." Come gently, walk gently, and say goodbye gently. Even if you wave to say hello, there is no noise, which breaks the quiet beauty of He Kang and gives people a quiet and harmonious artistic conception. This is also the most beautiful impression that He Kang gave the poet. From the second section to the sixth section, the poet described the beauty and tranquility of He Kanghe and expressed his attachment and tenderness to He Kanghe through boating in the He Kanghe River to find his dreams.
Verses 2 ~ 4 "The golden willow by the river is the bride in the sunset; Beautiful shadows in the waves ripple in my heart. Green grass on the soft mud, oily, swaying at the bottom of the water; In the gentle waves of He Kanghe, I would like to be an aquatic plant. The pool under the shade of elm trees is not a clear spring, but a rainbow in the sky; Broken among the floating algae, a rainbow-like dream is precipitated. " The golden willows covered with sunset glow, the green grass on the soft mud and the pool under the shade of the tree all come into view.
The two metaphors are quite accurate: the first one boldly imagines the "golden willow by the river" as a "bride in the sunset", which makes the dead scenery become a living thing, warm and pleasant; The second is that the clear pool water is suspected to be a "rainbow in the sky", but it has been crushed by floating algae and turned into a "rainbow-like dream". Poets such as Zhuang Zhou Mengdie, just in the madness of love, forget myself, feel "the beauty in the waves/the ripples in the heart", and are willing to be the grass swaying in the gentle waves of He Kanghe. This combination of subjectivity and objectivity is not only a wonderful flower, but also a painstaking effort, and it is also a confession and symbol of the poet's unrestrained pursuit of life and the spirit of beauty.
"ostentatious": often derogatory, often used with "crossing the market"; Another meaning is "carefree". Writing water plants with "carefree" shows a kind of free modality. This kind of "carefree" leisure is originally a word for writing people, which is used to write aquatic plants, which is more vivid and vivid.
"Oil slick" and "ostentatious": "Oil slick" is smooth, flowing and pleasant. Using it to decorate the "swagger" not only enhances the sense of freedom of aquatic plants, but also reminds us of the river where aquatic plants can swagger: the breeze is blowing gently, the water waves are light, the water quality is clear, and those aquatic plants coated with solidified fat sway back and forth with microwaves in the water, leisurely. What a beautiful scenery it is! And this beautiful scenery depends on the poet's "showing off".
"In the gentle waves of He Kanghe,/I would like to be a water plant": Based on this, we can understand the profound meaning of this poem and the poet's strong emotional experience.
"Wen Xin Diao Long Cai Qing" said: "People in love are all literary classics." Xu Zhimo's choice of such words and creation of such artistic conception are all driven by emotion. Xu Zhimo is an admirer of nature. He advocated that human beings should be close to nature, return to nature and be integrated with nature. When I first arrived in London, the quiet and leisurely scenery of Cambridge aroused the poet's long-lost carefree mood of searching. He found that "Cambridge World" is a "nature reserve" with the same human mind. This point has been exposed in Xu Zhimo's A Farewell to Cambridge, and after his second visit to Cambridge, the poet's essay Cambridge as I Know expressed this feeling more clearly and vividly-"I have enough leisure, freedom and absolutely pure opportunities. Strange to say, this seems to be the first time I realized the brightness of the stars and the moon, the green grass, the hospitality of flowers and running water. "
The ease and freedom of He Kanghe's flowing water and aquatic plants in the eyes of the author is the realm that the poet yearns for, which gives birth to the feeling that "I would like to be an aquatic plant in the gentle waves of He Kanghe". In this poem, he seems to have an instinctive induction and recognition of nature, so as to achieve harmony with nature, such as the emotional exchange between "I" and "the cloud in the western sky", feeling that "Golden Willow" has the charm of "bride", and "I" wants to melt into the gentle waves of He Kanghe and be an experience of "a water plant".
"Golden Willow": Willow is a symbol of parting in China's traditional poems. Such as: "I have been there, Yangliuyiyi; Today, I came to Sri Lanka and it was raining. " The Book of Songs Xiaoya
Verses 5 ~ 6 "Find dreams, support long poles, and stroll back to greener grass;" Full of stars, singing at the stars. But I can't play the piano, just a farewell flute; Summer insects are also silent for me. Silence is Cambridge tonight! "
In the fifth and sixth sections, the poet followed the appearance of dreams and turned out a new artistic conception: expressing the pursuit of dreams and the silence of parting. By a rainbow-like dream. Dreaming, supporting a long pole ","singing in the starlight. But I can't play songs. "Summer worm silence for me. Silence is Cambridge tonight! " Three overlapping sentences push the whole poem to a climax, just like the river in He Kang, full of twists and turns! The beautiful scenery of Cambridge aroused the poet's strong impulse to "dream" and "sing" in He Kanghe, but in greener places, the poet's madness of "singing in the starlight" finally failed-because He Kanghe is so beautiful, the dream at night, starlight, water plants, golden willows, deep pools and clear springs, and rainbows are quiet and harmonious. The poet seems to be caring for a lover's sleep, for fear that this dream will be damaged by the slightest bit, and the melody like a sigh gently and the perfect unity of parting. The silence and wordlessness at this moment is an affectionate farewell song and the most beautiful farewell to Cambridge. "Quiet is the farewell music; Summer insects are also silent for me. Silence is Cambridge tonight! " By putting down and closing, using epigrams, novel and beautiful metaphors or unpretentious direct lyricism, the poet highlighted the "quiet beauty" praised by the whole poem, which changed from the tranquility of scenery to the tranquility of emotion, so that the poet's deep and loving parting feelings were more fully expressed in the ups and downs of melody, condensed into the unique artistic conception of "silence is better than sound" in ancient poetry, giving people a beauty that combines chic and deep.
Section 7 "I left quietly, just as I came quietly;" I waved my sleeve without taking away a cloud. "
At the end of the poem, in order to strengthen the emotional color of "farewell", the poet returned to the beginning of farewell. Compared with the first sentence, other verses remain unchanged, only replacing the last sentence. However, this repetition is not a simple repetition of folk songs, but conveys a deeper emotional meaning-"not taking away a cloud" is the spirituality of the poet after drifting on the Cambridge River, which makes his love and attachment to Cambridge become a free and easy image and a vibrant gesture, adding a lot of color to the whole poem. In this way, the whole poem has completed a beautiful and round lyric structure.
(C), integration and summary, appreciate the emotion
There are countless poems about parting in China's poems. Let's give a few random examples and compare them with Farewell to Cambridge. Let's see what's new about A Farewell to Cambridge.
Example 1
In this place, Jing Ke bid farewell to Yan Taizi Dan, and the strong man was sad and sorrowful. No one was there at that time, and the water is still cold today. We said goodbye, and the two of us parted ways as officials (Luo's Yishui stunt). After all, the world is just a small place. (The author of "Farewell to the Governor in Shu")
Misty rain enveloped Wu's day overnight; Send you in the morning, lonely and sad in Chushan! Friends, if my friends in Luoyang invite me; Just say I'm still Bing Xin Okho, and stick to my faith! (Wang Changling "Breaking up with Xin Jian at Furong Inn")
Li Bai was just about to leave when he heard a farewell song from the shore. Even if the Peach Blossom Pond is deep, it is not as deep as Wang Lun's sending away my love. (Li Bai's Gift to Wang Lun)
Clear: The object of parting is special. Generally speaking, people leave in parting poems, but this poem leaves behind "clouds in the west", and the object of farewell shifts from the world to the sky, jumping out of the cliché of greeting and giving people a fresh and elegant feeling.
Example 2
Holding hands and looking at each other, tears swirled in my eyes until there were no words at last, and a thousand words stuck in my throat and I couldn't say it. (Liu Yong's "Yulinling")
Personnel to return, the residual soul Gu Ying times frustrating; There are tears on both sides of Liujiang River, and my brother cries. (Liu Zongyuan, "Don't be a younger brother")
Weicheng is a city of light dust and rain, and the guest color is light and willow color is new. I advise you to have a glass of wine. There is no reason not to go out. (Wang Wei's "Send Yuan Er An Xi")
In front of my old door, in the yellow grass, we are still wandering, and our hearts are full of sadness. The way you walked into the sky, when I saw the snow falling at dusk, I came back again. When I was young, my father and I traveled abroad, and I had no time to meet you in many difficulties and hardships. Hide your face and cry, where does the dust go? ("Send Li Duan" Lu Lun)
Clarity: create a relaxed atmosphere. "Love hurts and leaves since ancient times." From ancient times to now, parting is always a kind of heavy sadness, but this poem only paints the scenery without imitating the sound, and creates a silent environment with "gentleness", "tranquility" and "silence", eliminating the heavy feeling brought by parting and adding elegant elements.
Imagine if you are going to travel far away and face your parents, relatives and friends. What will you see in your eyes? Combine your own experience and put yourself in Xu Zhimo's shoes.
Clarity: The choice of images is novel. According to the general situation, when the poet bids farewell to Cambridge and there are people to see him off, the poet will also see tall buildings and traffic in his eyes and hear the roar of machinery in his ears. But all this, the poet did not take in the lens, and the images of expressing feelings written in the poem are clouds or natural objects such as golden willows, soft waves, green grass and starlight. What kind of feeling do these images give us? Just like the author is an out-of-touch fairy, it creates a fresh feeling.
(D), artistic generalization, grasp the beauty of rhythm
In terms of ideological content, this poem only expresses a kind of artistic conception similar to microwave smoke, and the social projection is very vague, which does not show the spirit of the times in the May 4th era. However, from the perspective of poetic art, this poem has a lofty status and has reached a state of perfection.
(1) The artistic conception is beautiful and pleasant. Cambridge, written by Xu Zhimo, is full of life and spirituality, with a gentle and elegant demeanor of the poet, which is integrated with the poet's feelings. The poet's feelings are not straightforward, but warm and measured; A faint beginning, a faint ending, but contains many complex emotions, which makes people have rich associations and aftertaste. Biekangqiao not only inherits the tradition of classical poetry, but also injects modern people's deep affection for their alma mater, transcending the general sigh of parting and attachment, and has the symbolic significance of modern intellectuals' self-esteem and pursuit of freedom.
(2) The poet understands the harmony and unity of subjective emotion and objective scenery, and handles the relationship between emotion and scenery well. The whole poem downplays the catharsis of parting poems, focuses on the beautiful natural scenery of Cambridge, and melts his love and attachment with the songs of natural scenery. The scenery is full of emotion and melts into the scene, which makes the poet's parting feeling deeper, better and more vigorous and natural, like a round and shining pearl.
(3) formal structure, four lines, patchwork and echo.
(4) The language is fresh and full of musical beauty. The language of this poem has the outstanding characteristics of simplicity and fluency, but it is also deeply tempered and has no traces of carving. The metaphor in the poem is fresh, accurate and vivid, flowing naturally like running water, without the Europeanization tendency of new poetry at that time. At the same time, as a representative of the Crescent Society, Xu Zhimo agrees with Wen Yiduo's new poem "three beauties" (architectural beauty, painting beauty and music beauty). He has his own uniqueness in the musical beauty of poetry. In addition to regular rhythm and harmonious rhyme, he also emphasized the fluctuation of syllables and the integrity of music melody. Farewell to Cambridge: The poem consists of seven sections, each with four lines and two or three meals. Eclectic, rigorous, rhyming with two or four rhymes, cadence, catchy. This beautiful rhythm ripples like ripples, which is not only the voice of pious students seeking dreams, but also conforms to the ebb and flow of poets' emotions and has a unique aesthetic pleasure. The seven verses are strewn at random, and the rhythm spreads slowly in them, which is quite a poet's temperament of "white robe and thin suburban island". The syllables are cadenced and the tones are repeated, and the whole poem constitutes a complete piece of music, which brings the unity of musical beauty and modeling beauty.
(5) Transfer application (extracurricular activities)
1. Music recitation
2. Try to appreciate another parting poem by Xu Zhimo;
Shayang Nala
-For Japanese girls
The most is the gentleness of that bow.
Like a lotus, it can't overcome the shyness of the cool breeze.
Take care, take care,
There is sweet sadness in the treasure-
Nora on the battlefield!
Review after class
Today, with the implementation of quality education, this course is designed under the guidance of "subjectivity" education thought in our school. In the teaching process, the application of "heuristic" can basically achieve the expected results. Students have a new understanding of poetry and a higher understanding of Xu's poems, which will be used in every class in the future.