Shi Yannian is older than Ou, Mei and Su. He lived in Renzong's Tian Sheng Bao Yuan, and his poems were rich, but unfortunately a lot of them were lost. Su Shunqin said: "Man Qing is open-minded and sings to everyone. What he does is invincible. Only 400 articles survived. " [3] Later, this book of poems prefaced by the Su family was also handed down. Up to now, The Whole Song Poetry has only collected more than 40 poems. Because of his few poems, later generations paid insufficient attention to him when discussing Song poetry. In the History of Song Poetry, Mr. Xu devoted a section to Shi Yannian, focusing on his position and contribution in the transformation of Song poetry, but his evaluation of his poetry creation was very brief. (Note: See Xu Zong's History of Song Poetry, page 139 ~ 147, Chongqing Publishing House, 1992. I haven't seen an article dedicated to Shi Yannian's poems. In fact, we can find Shi Yannian's outstanding talent in the remaining 40 poems, and appreciate his distinctive artistic characteristics, style, achievements and its influence on later generations. We can not only learn artistic nutrition from it, but also comprehensively and concretely understand and grasp the creative situation and style of the poetry circle in the Northern Song Dynasty. This is the author's motivation to write this article.
Poetry is the natural expression of the poet's spiritual experience and feelings, so it can best reflect the poet's personality temperament and talent mentality. Shi Yannian, who has a bold and magnificent personality, does have a bold and unconstrained style in his poems. When Su Shunqin prefaced Shi Yannian's poems, he pointed out that his poems were "wonderful and beautiful", "inspiring" and "scattered outside the chapters". [3] Ouyang Xiu praised him in the poem "Crying Man Qing": "He wrote hundreds of poems, and the Jin Tuan participated in Qiong. Always get out of danger, and occasionally study it carefully. Qiong Qi has become a cloud. It's strange to find that fish. " [4] (P60) In Shi Yannian's poems, there is no such grotesque work as "finding strange flat dumpling fish", but there is no lack of magnificent style in his landscape poems. Try the Five Laws Waterfall:
Fly and hang on the top of Dingyue Mountain. When will it tilt here? Jade rainbow hangs to the ground, and silver people fall to the sky. It's cold and wet, and the heat is distinct. Canglang is not enviable, so it is dust. (Note: The Complete Works of Song Poetry (volume 176). Shi Yannian's poems quoted below are all the same, so I won't note them. )
The first couplet of this poem shows the momentum of the waterfall flowing down from Ding Yuefei. In Zhuan Xu, the two metaphors of "the jade rainbow falling to the ground" and "the silver man falling to the sky" are magnificent wonders, with equal emphasis on sound and emotion, dynamic and static combination, and audio-visual integration. Necklace couplet expands lofty and broad realm with "thousands of feet" and "Thousand Stones", and conveys moving feeling and inner feelings with "Leng Yun Wet" and "Qing Xia Qi". When the refreshing spirit surges in the poet's chest, it will naturally produce a quiet feeling of washing secular dust and bathing snow spirits. The whole article is full of pen and ink, and its heroism is also scattered outside the chapters. This poem obviously draws lessons from Li Bai's Wang Lushan Waterfall and Zhang Jiuling's Wang Lushan Hukou Waterfall. Although his charm and lyrics are slightly inferior to those of Li and Zhang, they have mobilized richer and more delicate feelings to describe waterfalls and created a magnificent and fresh artistic conception different from those of their predecessors. Mr. Fan Ning and Mr. Hua Yan commented on the cloud: "It is a major feature of the Song Dynasty to take the subject matter described by predecessors and push it deeper to seek a new artistic conception. This poem is an example. " [5] (P38-39) The author deeply agrees.
Sending People to Hangzhou is Shi Yannian's masterpiece describing the scenic spots in Hangzhou through the theme of farewell.
Frost blows mink, and people get drunk without anger. The five lakes are filled with wine, and the six generations become a poetic bridge. The water turns green, which means it's late, the river turns white and spring is here. I also planned to go to Qiantang the previous autumn to see the August tide in Longshan.
The first half uses a pen that cherishes the past and the present, showing the romance, boldness and elegance of pedestrians and senders. Neck couplets describe the reflections of light, color, meaning and light and shade of water and river clouds in front of us, which are fresh and beautiful. William wrote that he wanted to follow his friend * * * to watch the August frenzy in Qiantang, and showed a magnificent scene with a virtual pen, which was fascinating. Reading this poem, people will naturally think of Li Bai's "Yellow Crane Tower Farewell to Meng Haoran in Yangzhou". The word "Shuangchu Bridge" in this poem is ambiguous and rhymes. However, the whole article is arrogant and free-spirited, and it has a poetic flavor of Tang poetry, which should be an extraordinary work in poetry at that time.
Shi Yannian's masterpiece "Garden Pavilion in Zhangjin Township" describes the garden landscape, showing the artistic style of Song poetry different from that of Tang poetry with meticulous observation, fresh feeling and meticulous performance.
Pavilions and pavilions are even enemies of Xie Jia, and the Four Seasons Gardens are colorful. The window welcomes the Western Wei Dynasty, seals Hou Zhu, and leads to Dongling Hermit House. I am willing to talk to related birds, and I will continue to make flowers and trees. There is nothing left after a long journey, and you will get drunk until the moon sets.
These seven methods implicitly express the pride and tolerance of the garden owner in the scenery writing, and their ideas are ingenious. Poets use sketches, personification, metaphors and allusions to describe scenery and express their feelings. The poem is rich in scenery images, rigorous in composition, stable in antithesis, changeable in syntax and refined in words. From the whole article, the language is simple, the artistic conception is pure and tasteful. The couplet "I would like to talk with related birds and keep making flowers and trees" is a famous sentence praised by Song people. Chao Bu Zhi said, "It's very beautiful." (Note: Chao's Collection of Chicken Ribs, see (Song) Cai's Poems in the Woods, Volume 7, Zhonghua Book Company, 1982. Liu Kezhuang said, "It was called by the Elo people." [6](P88) Zhu Yizan praised "Excellence" (Noe: Zhu's "Quotations from Wen Gong", see (Song) Cai's "Poem Forest Collection", with seven quotations, Zhonghua Book Company 1982 edition. )。 Mr. Lai Hanping, a modern man, pointed out that its advantage lies in writing a realm of emotional blending of things with empathy. [7](P68) Mei's "Things" said that "the savage sleeps leisurely on the shore, and the old tree has flowers without ugly branches", which for the first time expressed the aesthetic interest of the Song people in loving their homeland, and was also called "a famous sentence in the contemporary world, which is well known to all". [8](P 14 10) However, compared with Shi Yannian's connection, Shi Mei's "leisure" and "no ugly branches" are the poet's rational judgments, which are slightly straightforward. The sentence of "wild birds" comes from Du Fu's "Sleeping on the sand with his mother" (rambling). The overall achievement of poetry is not as good as that of Shi Mei, but
The above poems are all metrical poems. Shi Yannian also wrote excellent works about scenery, such as "Autumn Night North Tower":
Autumn Ji water is clear, and the moon is a river in the sky. At night, the movie star moves slightly and the rustling layer fluctuates.
The poem is about the moonlight in the autumn night, and the realm is clear and open. The last two sentences are wonderful and mysterious from the micro-motion of the star shadow to the surge of the wind disease. Watch Spring Upstairs:
The trees in spring are heavy, and the flowers in the courtyard are round in the afternoon. The human side is infinite, and there are more days outside the bird.
The first two sentences are close-ups, the water trees are hazy, and the flowers in the courtyard are bright. "Heavy" is used to describe the thick humidity of spring smoke, and "round" is used to describe the round turn of noon flowers, which makes Xiao vivid. The last two sentences are the realm of imagination, which shows the poet's infinite philosophical thinking about the universe, and it is quite ingenious to set off the tiny "people" and "birds". Mr. Qian Zhongshu pointed out that in Tang Dynasty, Lang Shiyuan's "Flying Birds Crossing the River, Snowing the Wild West" (Farewell to Yang Zhongcheng and Fan) and the monk's unique "Returning to Birds and Turning Snow into Mountain Pepper" (Farewell to the Monk) "are imagining the distance, not describing the scenery in front of us". [9](P95) Shi Yannian's couplets are a good sentence to learn this writing.
Shi Yannian is also good at chanting things, especially flowers. Today, there are as many as 12 poems about flowers. Among them, "Yongmei" compares plum blossom to a person with ice muscle and moon appearance, imagining grandeur; "A clever woman can't cook without rice" (Liu Hua), "Zhao in Er Qiao serves the country, and my younger brother is charming" (Ode to Mo Mo), and it is even more interesting to compete with her sister Zhao (Zhao Yi) for the early spring flowers of Mo Mo. Poems about objects are precious because they are inseparable, non-sticky, vivid in form, lifelike in characters and vivid in images. Shi Yannian's flower poems mentioned above can quite express the poet's spiritual thoughts. Shi Yannian also expresses his ambition by expressing things in his poems about things, such as:
The farther the wind blows, the fresher the cool color is. I have been buying in autumn, but I have no intention of learning money. -"Congju"
In the personified and spiritual image of Congju, the poet's perseverance and noble character, which is not afraid of violence and does not seek wealth, has the disadvantage of revealing a little corner. Let's take a look at his famous poem Gu Song:
Straight spirit is full of shame, iron clothes make purple scales dry. Shadow shakes thousands of feet Dragon and Snake, and the sound is stormy for a long time. The moss is detached from the stone, and the green radish is attached to the cloud. Those who report the emperor's arrogance will regard it as a pillar of heaven in the class.
The first sentence of this poem was written by Gu Song. It was written in a dense style, and he was ashamed to bow down and choose his words carefully. The second sentence uses "iron coat" and "purple scale" to describe the hardness, roughness and color of pine bark, which shows that it has experienced the hardships of frost and snow and has an old and vigorous spirit. Zhuan Xu tried his best to describe Gu Song as a dragon and snake dancing and shaking thousands of feet. Its momentum is like a storm, shaking the air and making it cold. It's really thrilling The necklace is matched with green silk, and the silk roses are connected to climb the humble realm, setting off Gu Song's honest and frank and boldness. William holds objects to show ambition and wood to show talent, and calls on those in power to use the finest materials buried in the mountains as the top beams and pillars for building the hall. The whole article depicts the image of Gu Song with extraordinary momentum and grandeur. The ending is a bit simple, but it still comes naturally from the image of Gu Song. Shi Jie commented on Shi Yannian's poems, such as "Autumn Wind with Angry Waves" (Note: (Song) Shi Jie's "Reading Shi Anren's Bachelor's Poems", see Song Quanshi, volume 272. ), Fan Zhongyan praised Shi Yannian's poems as "breaking through the hard and becoming wonderful, making a rainbow and clearing the stone, which can see the power of poetry" (Note: See (Song) Liu Kezhuang's "Houcun Poetry Talk" sequel volume 1 cited, Zhonghua Book Company 1983 edition. ), this song "Gu Song" deserved.
There is an evaluation of Gu Song's couplets in Wang Zhifang's poems in the Song Dynasty: "Some people say that the shadow shakes the dragon and snake in thousands of feet, and the sound shakes the wind and rain in the air." A monk sat and said, "If the clouds don't scatter everywhere, the sound of waves will be cold in the air." Or in the language of Yu Sheng, Yu Sheng said,' Be brief, but don't forget what you mean. It is best to use monk language. [10] (p 221) In my opinion, from the point of view of "being concise without leaving behind the meaning" and even clever expression, "the clouds are everywhere, and the waves are cold in the air" is indeed better, but it abandons the images of "dragon snake moving" and "wind and rain cold" and loses Gu Song's image.
Interestingly, many years after Shi Yannian's poem came out, Wang Anshi also wrote Gu Song:
Sensen went straight for more than a hundred miles and went high into the green forest without attaching it. The wind rings at night, and the moon shines in the autumn in Qian Shan. Is it because of the cultivation ability of dirt that you are complacent about Kun's nature? Corridors and temples are short of materials, and unscrupulous craftsmen in the world cannot invade each other. [ 1 1](P830)
Wang Anshi's poetry is also a token, hoping that the court will attach importance to cherishing talents and inherit the theme of Shi Yannian's poetry. The first sentence "dense and straight" is taken from a stone poem. The first four sentences depict the image of Gu Song not as vivid and vivid as The Story of the Stone, and the momentum is not as good as The Story of the Stone. The last four sentences are purely arguments, which are more explicit than the poem "Stone". Wang Anshi is a master of the Seven Laws in the Northern Song Dynasty, and his achievements in poetry are far better than Shi Yannian's, but this kind of imitation stone poetry is not as good as stone poetry. However, we can see the influence of Shi Yannian's poems on Wang Anshi.
Wei Tai, a poet in the Song Dynasty, commented: "Shi Yannian's long-tune poems are good at narration ... These poems, such as Prepare a Pen Post, Tongquetai and Liu Hou Temple, are the best in one episode." [12](P327) In the long poem he praised as "the first of an episode", Tongquetai and Liu Hou Temple have been lost. Today, there are five poems about Shi Yannian's long tune. Only two of them are narrative poems, and the other three capitals are poems describing things and scenery. The poem "Bei Tie" says:
The Han dynasty lost the emperor's elephant, so it's better to do it. Treacherous court official and traitor, shake Yue and turn again. The power table was divided into river areas, and Cao Yuan fought Xia Nian. Tigers rush to salty places, and dragons lie alone. Conformity is not incompetent, bullying is inexperienced. Just want to restore the right path, straight up and recover. Guan Letao's overall planning, Guan Xu's observation and listening. In short, when you meet the Lord, you forget yourself. Nan Qing Man, Dong Hong Wei Ting. When you start your career, you will learn how to govern the country. Robbing soldiers through the calendar is like running water. If you are in Qin, you will be arrogant. Raise your voice and you will collapse, and you will cross the river. Zhong Da is ashamed, and Xin Pi is strict. I can worry about the details of my home, but I can't wait to see the long star. The battlefield is sad, and the sage is rewarded. The meaning of flowing water is far away, and the old mountain is green outside. Imagine, the sound emblem is there, and the invasion wakes up. Stay late for the heroic spirit, sigh and calm down.
The reserve post is located in Mianzhou, central Sichuan (now north of Guangyuan County, Sichuan Province), which is said to be Zhuge Liang's war department. This poem praises Zhuge Liang. With only 18 rhyme 180, the poet described the complicated historical story of Liu Bei's three visits to the thatched cottage at the end of the Han Dynasty, and then from Zhuge Liang's northern expedition to the death of Wuzhangyuan, which showed the poet's superb skills in screening and refining historical materials. The narrative in the poem is concise and vivid, and the pen is flexible, which can be described as "cherishing ink as gold", while lyricism is dripping ink. The poet warmly praised Zhuge Liang for doing his best to help Liu Bei and his son revive the brilliant achievements of the Han Dynasty, and deeply lamented his tragic fate of "dying without conquering", which received a shocking artistic effect. Liu Kezhuang also commented on this poem: "The words are wonderful and people recite them." [6](P88) Another "Cao Taiwei's Western Expedition" said: "Although benevolent people are invincible, Wang Shi has innate characteristics. Alone in the golden stable, everyone leads the iron forest soldiers. Su Qi closes the river at dusk, and the Smoky Tribe is sunny. Flags are burned in autumn, and the river is peaceful at night. Drumming, Lu suspected that he had heard the news. Self-forgetting is rain, and not killing is nature. Who refuses to be open and inclined in front of Zhuo Zhuo. It's even colder, so the Spring Banquet was held in Xiao Wei. Ambassador Yong, emperor Ping. Gong is still like a portrait, a class student. " This poem tells the story of Cao Taiwei's voyage to the West. Cao Taiwei was the son of Cao Bin, the founding emperor of the Song Dynasty. He is brave and resourceful. Zhenzong Dynasty once knew Taizhou, and was also an envoy of peace, which greatly broke the invasion of the descendants of Tubo Sambo in the Tang Dynasty. (Note: For Cao Wei's life story, see Song History, Volume 258, Jiang's Records of Song Garden, Page 720, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House 198 1 edition. ) This poem, like "Bei Bi Tie", is not bound by strict antithesis and even-handed, and its narrative is not rigid. It can integrate narrative with scenery writing, discussion and lyric, showing Cao Taiwei's general demeanor, Song Jun's high morale, fear and defeat of the enemy and the cold atmosphere on the battlefield. The things described in this poem are relatively simple, so more details of the battlefield scene are described and rendered vividly; The theme of this poem is to eulogize Song Jun's victory, so it is optimistic, cheerful, open-minded, heroic and tends to establish a strategic position. Zhu commented and praised: "Shi's poems are extremely beneficial, such as" Although benevolent people are invincible, each has its own characteristics "and" Forget yourself for the rain, don't kill for the sound of heaven ". I have seen this poem written by Shi in the past. It is very precious because of its rigorous weather, vigor and strength. Really beautiful. " (Note: See (Song) Cai's "On Lin Shi", the first volume of seven quotations, Zhonghua Book Company, 1982 edition. ) His praise echoes the comments of Wei Tai and Liu Kezhuang.
Shi Yannian's Ode to History and Nostalgia is also a masterpiece handed down from generation to generation, such as Southern Dynasties:
People in the Southern Dynasties were virtuous, and they spoke freely regardless of their affairs. In 300 years, I can laugh, but no one in the Central Plains can decide.
The poet bluntly said: Scholars in the Southern Dynasties all claimed to be lofty and virtuous, but they either pursued the demeanor of celebrities or talked big and unrealistic. In 300 years, no one came out to recover the Central Plains, which was enough to make future generations laugh. With heroism and ambition to serve the country, the poet was deeply worried that the sixteen States of Zhao and Song could not be recovered. Therefore, he used the past to satirize the present, and expressed his dissatisfaction with scholars and worries about state affairs through chanting history. Throughout the narrative discussion, people speak very quickly, pointing to the key points and hitting the nail on the head, which has both practical and historical significance. Just as Du Mu, a poet in the late Tang Dynasty, laughed at Zhou Yu's unexpected defeat of Cao Cao in the poem Red Cliff to vent his untimely depression, Shi Yannian's criticism of the figures in the Southern Dynasties revealed the poet's insight into the situation and the lofty sentiments of the sages. Liu Kezhuang called this poem "Qingba Guqi" [6](P89), which was right.
Read another song "True Nostalgia":
Guangwu's business is sluggish, and Wang Lang's soldiers rely on Ling for the time being. You know, the contribution of the later Han dynasty is not as big as a piece of ice.
When Liu Xiu, the Guangwu Emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty, was not rich, Wang Lang, who claimed to be the son of heaven, was once stronger than Ma Zhuang and was arrogant. The poet laughed at Liu Xiu's founding heroes, saying that they were not as good as the seemingly hard, fragile and easily melted ice on the Hutuo River. A torrential ice, with novel images, expresses the irony vividly, forcefully, pungent and cold. Later, Huang Tingjian wrote a poem entitled "Painting Yan Ziling Fishing Beach with a Title":
As long as Liu is by my side, I refuse to work for the canal. It can make the Korean family regain its position, and there is a breeze on the Tongjiang wave! [ 13](P254)
According to the poem, the thing that can make the world as heavy as Jiuding in the Han Dynasty is Yan Guang's wind-driven fishing line hanging on the Tongjiang berth! Yellow poems praise Yan Guang's integrity, which is different from stone poems satirizing the mediocrity and incompetence of heroes in the post-Han Dynasty. However, after careful tasting, how similar is the torrent of ice and Tongjiang Boguang! Obviously, it was Huang Tingjian who imitated Shi Yannian's poems and created this novel and abrupt image. It can be seen that Huang Tingjian, who is also known as "Su Huang" with Su Shi, also learned artistic nutrition from Shi Yannian's poems.
Shi Yannian is not only good at close body, but also can make ancient body. His ancient poem "Farewell" uses miscellaneous words:
Spring is sometimes old, but people are no longer old. Sometimes the grass is white, but it is no longer good when it is white. Life is not as good as spring and grass. Just like saying goodbye to spring grass, youth grows old before it grows old.
The poet bid farewell to his friends before the spring grass sprouted, lamenting that spring is fleeting and life is short. The poem constantly uses the contrast between "spring old" and "people old", "grass white" and "white", "fate" and "occurrence", and finally ends with the sentence "getting old before youth". The poem is unique in conception, distinct in contrast, distinct in hierarchy and fluent in language, forming a melodic rhythm of ups and downs, repeated waves and caring for the circle, which makes the life expressed sad, euphemistic and deep, alarming and arousing a strong soul. This poem is similar to Liu Xiyi's famous sentence "Flowers change color this year, but bloom again next year" and "Flowers are similar every year, but people of different ages are different" ("A Generation of Sad Pulsatilla"), which shows that Shi Yannian is good at absorbing the artistic nutrition of Yuefu folk songs and seven-character songs in the early Tang Dynasty.
Seeing Teacher Lu off for Meaning is one of Shi Yannian's seven most popular ancient masterpieces;
After ten years of dreams, the flowers have failed, and the mountains and rivers are still damaged. The geese fly from north to west, and the tall buildings are in the spring breeze. Jiao Bo's eyes are full of tears. The Fenhe River keeps flowing south, and the sky is ruthless and the water is light.
According to "The General Turtle of Poetry Talk" (Volume 33) and "Ancient and Modern Poetry Talk", this poem was written in Pingyang House in the Song Dynasty and belongs to Hedong Road (now Linfen, Shanxi). At that time, Shi Yannian was ordered to go to Hedong to recruit militiamen to prepare for the border defense, and his good friend Athena Chu (Shi Lu) was playing the Xixia front in Shaanxi. Poetry has been written for generations, so it is called "Dai Yi". In this poem, a woman misses Athena Chu in her boudoir. The poet first used images such as "empty flowers" and "damaging peaches and plums" to show that she and Athena Chu have been separated for ten years, and their youth has wasted, the mountains and rivers have not changed, and their appearance has declined; She also wrote that she was looking into the distance against the spring breeze, but when she heard the sound of geese flying north, she saw swallows flying west and her lover was gone. Then compare the mountain peak in Shizhou to a woman's eyebrows, and write that she faces the distant mountains with a sad face and tears all day long. Finally, the Fenhe River continued to flow southward, and the cold weather mercilessly expressed her endless worries. The poet writes tenderness with a healthy pen, and the metaphor is natural and appropriate. The tone of the sentence is bright and clear, and the realm is broad, but the young lady's mentality is subtle and profound. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Wang Bizhi praised the poem as "profound in meaning" and said that after the poet died, he gave his dream to his friends, claiming that it was the "most proud" work in his life (Note: See Wang Bizhi's Notes on Lu Shuiyanzi, Volume 7, quoted from Jiang's Fact Garden of Song Dynasty, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 198). )。 There were few love poems and boudoir poems in Song Dynasty. As a boudoir love poem, Shi Yannian's poem is a rare masterpiece and was widely read at that time. The poet's friend Guan Yong once rewritten it into a word and put it in the tune of An Introduction to the Immortal, "People contend for songs". Word cloud: "Chun Yin Ji. The willows on the shore are jagged and the gold thread is thin. Draw a pavilion, and the sleeping warbler will be moved. Smoke is charming. Yan Yan's height makes people intoxicated. Careless and leisurely, the eyebrows are gathered, and the gold shop is tilted. It's easy to lose a beautiful scene, and it's annoying to change it. In vain, wearily. Apply vermicelli, look at your face in the mirror, and destroy peaches and plums with greasy fragrance. One person. The dusk clouds are dark and the mountains are green. The sky is ruthless, and the distance is as low as water. Keep hate and beg the goose to send it. Spinning charming waves, dark acacia tears. Make up like washing. Walking towards tall buildings, in the spring breeze. Regret the fence, the grass is thousands of miles away. " (Note: See The Ancient and Modern Poetry Talks quoted in the first volume of Poetry Talks, People's Literature Publishing House, 1987 edition. ) Ci has been enhanced, with more beauty and powder and less open and generous charm, but it shows the influence of Shi Yannian's poetry on Song Ci creation.
Shi Yannian likes to write poems. "The next episode" said: "I can't talk eloquently in my life and want to go to Qingyun for no reason. The Lord never tires of calling thousands of miles, so why should Chang 'e cherish spring? Although the phoenix is doomed, it also stands in the forest of jackals. It's no use crying blood. Who is Zhu Yi riding a horse? "Express his lofty aspirations and his dissatisfaction. It is difficult to study other people's sentences sentence by sentence, but it is obvious that Shi Yannian has read a lot of poems, remembered them firmly and has a good brain. Another group of poems "accidentally into" cloud:
Come and go next year, and put on wedding dresses for other girls. Laugh at the sky, go out and dance in the spring breeze alone.
The first sentence uses Zheng Gu's poem Yan in the Tang Dynasty, the second sentence uses the poem Bitter Woman in the Tang Dynasty, and the third sentence uses Li Bai's poem Nanling children don't enter Beijing. Set the sentences of predecessors, for their own, in one go, showing the poet's bold personality in self-mockery. Cai Taize, a poet in the Song Dynasty, said: "The definite sentence existed at the beginning of the country, but it didn't flourish. To the stone, the characters are empty-minded, taking the text as a play, and then focusing on Yuanfeng, Wang benefited from this. Wang Zhifang said that it started in Gong Jing, but it is not. " (Note: See (Song) Cai's Poems on the Forest, Volume I and seven quotations, Zhonghua Book Company, 1982. It is pointed out that the influence of Shi Yannian's good sentence setting on Wang Anshi should not be ignored.
Liu Kezhuang said that Shi Yannian's "concentration ... and many epigrams" (Note: See (Song) Liu Kezhuang's "Houcun Poetry Talk" Volume 1. )。 Shi Yannian carefully tempered epigrams in his creation, which can be seen from the above-mentioned works. As Mr. Wang commented, the combination of sentences "I am far away from home, worrying about old mountains and green trees outside" and "I would like to talk with birds and keep flowers and trees" in "Zhang's Garden Pavilion in Jinxiang" is wonderful because "the seemingly natural and ordinary sentences contain considerable physical observation and subjective mental experience". [14](P59) In addition, many of the dozens of broken sentences of Shi Yannian are very alarming. For example, "The sky is cold and the shadow of the river is dim, and the sound of frozen waterfalls on the mountain is faint" ("Mountain Temple"), "The grass is far green, and the setting sun is cold and dull" (missing topic), "Clouds on the sea and heavy rain on the river" (missing topic), verbs and adjectives are used to show the relationship between the scenery in detail; "Water is inexhaustible, and man's days are endless" (tall buildings). Mr. Qian Zhongshu pointed out that this connection has something to do with Fan Zhongyan's "The mountain reflects the sunset water, the grass is ruthless, and it is outside the sunset" (a tall building) and Ouyang Xiu's "The height of the building is not close to the dangerous fence, but the pedestrians are even outside the spring mountain" ("Walking on the sand") and "I want to compete with people in the middle of the month and steal my flute after the snow to complain about the cold" ("Plum Blossom"). As for the phrase "the moon is long and there is no hate circle", Sima Guang said: "It is absolutely wrong for Li Changji (congratulations) to sing' If the sky is affectionate, if the sky is old'. Man Qing's attitude towards Yun Yun is considered a slap in the face. " [15] These epigrams show that Shi Yannian, as a general of the reformists in the Song Dynasty, tried to overcome the disadvantages of the white body in the early Song Dynasty, the cold narrow body in the late Tang Dynasty and the algae sculpture in Kunxi, and deliberately pursued a novel, profound and thin brand-new style.
Needless to say, Shi Yannian's poems also have obvious shortcomings. For example, the poem "Carving a Son" says, "I pity you. Who knocks at the door under the moon?" It is cheap to get a pair of poor eyes. "There is" being beaten after climbing ",which is all a game pen and ink, slippery. Another example is "Even if I succeed": "I felt lonely in the last article, and I was ashamed of my peers. If you are not kind, you don't seem to have nothing. Confucius and Mencius should also treat Yan lightly, and Gao Kui is not necessarily the first Tang Yu. Houmen asked me what I had, and I was coy and mixed with Confucianism. "The whole discussion was very boring, which exposed the problem that poets used literature as poetry and discussion as poetry. Another example is his poem "Red Plum", which describes red plum with such a shallow and inflexible sentence as "recognizing peaches without green leaves and distinguishing apricots with green branches", which is ridiculed by Su Shi as "this is a poor language, covering the Chinese style of village learning" (Note: See Hu Zai's "Tiaoxi Fishing Hidden Cong Hua", the first volume, People's Literature Publishing House 65438+. )。 In recent years, some critics have commented on Shi Yannian's poem Zong Hao Fu Tao [16](P69). The word "Zong Hao" is to the point, while "Fu Tao" is exaggerated.
In a word, Shi Yannian's poems have a distinctive high-spirited, magnificent and grand artistic style. Together with Ouyang Xiu, Mei, he made great contributions to creating the style of Song poetry. Although his achievements in poetry creation are not as good as those of Europe, the Soviet Union and Mei, he has excellent epigrams handed down from generation to generation in various themes and genres, which have an influence on the creation of European, Soviet Union, Mei, Wang (An Shi), Huang (Ting Jian) and even Song Ci. He is worthy of the reputation as a pioneer of poetry innovation and a "poet" in the Northern Song Dynasty.
refer to
[1][ Song] Ouyang Xiu. The poem of June 1st [A]. [Qing] He. Poetry of the former dynasty [C]. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 198 1.
[2][ Song] Jiang. Factual gardens in Song Dynasty [M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 19 1.
[3][ Song] Su Shunqin. Preface to Shi's Poems [1]. Su Shunqin collection [C]. Shanghai: Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 198 1.
[4], Du's Notes on Selected Works. Selected Works of Ouyang Xiu [M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 1986.
[5] Fan Ning and Hua Yan. Notes on Selected Poems of Song, Liao and Jin Dynasties [M]. Beijing: Beijing Publishing House, 1988.
[6][ Song] Liu Kezhuang. On the sequel of Houcun Poetry [M]. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 1983.
[7] Miao Yue et al. Dictionary of Appreciation of Song Poetry [M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Dictionary Publishing House, 1987.
[8][ Yuan] Fang Hui. Comment on Ying Kui's Law and Essence [M]. A review of Li's book collection. Shanghai: Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 1986.
[9] Qian Zhongshu. Notes on Selected Poems of Song Dynasty [M]. Beijing: People's Literature Publishing House, 1958.
[10][ Song] Hu Zai. Tiaoxi fishing in Conghua [M]. Beijing: People's Literature Publishing House, 1962.
[1 1][ Song] Wang Anshi. Wang Wen's official document [M]. Shanghai: Shanghai People's Publishing House, 1974.
[12][ Song] Wei Tai. Poetry in seclusion in Lin Han [A]. What series. Poetry of past dynasties (Volume I) [C]. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 19 1.
[13] Selected Notes of Huang. Selected Works of Huang Tingjian [M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 199 1.
Selected notes of Zhang Ming. Song poetry volume [M]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang Literature and Art Publishing House, 1994.
[15][ Song] Sima Guang. Wen Gong continued his poem [A]. [Qing] He Bian. Poetry of past dynasties [C]. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 19 1.
[16] Huan. On the Style of Song Poetry [M]. Chengdu: Sichuan Nationalities Publishing House, 2002.