(8 12? -866) A poet and poet in the Tang Dynasty. The real name is qi, and the words are clear. Taiyuan qi (now Qixian county, Shanxi province) people. About 48 years old, he was named Sui County Commandant. Later, he served as a shogunate official, as the commander of the defense city, and as a teaching assistant of Guo Zi. When I was young, I studied hard, was witty, was proficient in melody, and was good at playing drums and flutes. He likes to indulge in debauchery, live a free life and ridicule powerful people, so he doesn't care much about customs and has a rough life. His poems are as famous as Li Shangyin's, and Li He, a teacher in the Seven-word Yuefu, expresses gratitude for the rise and fall of ancient times, or describes the desolate scenery of frontier fortress, or describes the hard work of Tian Jia in ploughing the fields. Modern poetry reflects a wider range of reality, involving many aspects, including travel and travel, gifts from friends, feelings about life experiences, and praises of history and things. From time to time, he sighed with ambition and talent. Wen was the first literati who wrote a large number of ci poems, and was the forerunner of Huajian School, which had a great influence on the development of ci poems. His ci mostly describes women's life, besides common boudoir and geisha themes, he also writes about keeping husbands and daughters, female Taoist priests, temples and temples, picking lotus girls, businessmen's lovesickness and so on. The style of literary words is mainly beautiful and heavy, with metaphors and emotions. Wen shows outstanding talent in creating artistic conception of ci, and he is good at choosing distinctive scenery to form artistic realm and express characters' feelings. At first glance, his words seem obscure, but after careful consideration, you will feel that their feelings are far away and the aftertaste still exists. Representative works include "Bodhisattva Man", "The overlapping of hills and gold disappears", "Many leaks" and "The length of wicker". His ci implied the deep affection of the protagonist in the description of scenery and events, which was different from Li Yu's multi-purpose fu style and direct expression of his mind. This artistic feature influenced poets such as Zhou Bangyan and Wu Wenying in Song Dynasty. Wen Tingyun strengthened the literary talent and emotional appeal of Ci, and uneven syntax, diverse Ye Yun and scene blending contributed to the formation of artistic characteristics of Ci. Wen's exploration of the art of ci promoted the development of ci. There are 365,438+00 existing poems, including Gu's Notes on Wen Feiqing in Qing Dynasty. His ci poems are mainly included in Huajianji, Quantang Poetry, Jin Quan Ci and Tang Wu Pronouns. For the deeds, see Biography of Old and New Books of Tang Dynasty.
Wen tingjun
Wen, whose real name is Qi, whose word is Fei Qing, was born in Qi (now Qixian County, Shanxi Province). He is the grandson of Wen Yanbo, a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty, and two books of the Tang Dynasty are circulating. Although Wen is a native of Bingzhou, like Bai Juyi and Liu Zongyuan, he spent most of his life in other places. According to the examination, Wen traveled with his family in Jianghuai when he was young, and then settled in the rural area of yi county (now Huxian County, Shaanxi Province), so he called himself a tourist.
There is no record of Wen's birth year in history. Moon Hee's old annotation was broken in the 4th year of Changqing (824), and the Xia's Wen Fei Qing Nian holds that he was born in the 7th year of Yuanhe (8 12). In recent years, Chen's textual research on Wen's early deeds was born in the seventeenth year of Zhenyuan (8O 1). Liang's Book of the Tang Dynasty is consistent with Chen's Textual Research. Wen died in Xian Tong for seven years (866) at the age of 66.
Wen, like other accomplished poets, is thirsty for knowledge and tirelessly sits on the inkstone. Besides playing drums and flute, he is also particularly good at poetry. In the Book Biography of the Old Tang Dynasty, he said that he "can play the sounds one by one, which is a kind word". At that time, like Li Shangyin, the time number was liberal arts. "North Dream Suoyan" said that the article is "smart thinking, dedicated to small fu. Every time he entered the exam, he wrote an official rhyme, and all eight rhymes became eight, so people called him "Wen Bajiao". In ancient China, there was a saying that a quick-thinking person could make a poem in several steps, but there was no second person who used eight forks to form eight rhymes like Wen.
Such a talent, but failed to rank first in the soil. Those who can take the exam today, Wen Ting began to take the exam at 40 o'clock in the fourth year (839), but failed. He only tried to pay tribute once in Jingzhao Mansion, but he didn't even take part in the provincial examination. The reason is probably the political struggle in the palace. Because of Yang Xianfei's slander, dozens of people around Prince Zhuang were killed or deported, and all the sand and stones were scattered. Then Prince Zhuang died suddenly and inexplicably. Wen Tingyun was involved in this political struggle, and he was fine without being hurt, so he didn't expect to be buried. Before entering the examination room, he was doomed to an unattainable fate. After four years of failure, Wen lived in the suburbs for two years. In his own words, it is "I have been ill for two years, so I don't recommend to the countryside and try to have a company." I don't know if he was really ill at that time, or if he stayed at home for fear of disaster. See you in Huainan when you are 4 1 year old. As early as when Wen was 8 years old, he knew each other, and they were friends since childhood. At the age of 55, Wen took the exam again. Before that, I tried several times and failed in Sun Shan every time. This time, it was in nine years (855). Hewen disturbed the house and made a big fuss about it. The reason for disturbing the venue is that Wen has a nickname of "saving a few people", which is to help the candidates in the examination room. Therefore, this time, Shen Xun gave Wen special treatment and invited Wen to try his hand in front of the curtain. Wen Tingyun made a scene and disturbed the house. It is said that Wen secretly helped eight people, although this time he was on guard. Of course, I failed the exam again. Since then, that is to say, from the age of 56, Wen has given up this worry and stopped setting foot on fame.
Although it is wrong to save people in the examination room, we can see Wen's talent from here. Like saving people in the examination room, literature also helps the spirit. Wen Tingyun was well received when he entered and exited the Hu Ling Pavilion. At that time, I liked the song "Bodhisattva Man", secretly asked Wen to add the word "Bodhisattva Man" to myself, and told Wen not to leak it out, but it spread out, which made me very dissatisfied. Wen Tingyun looked down on Hu Tao's talent. Xuanzong wrote a poem, and the last sentence contained "golden steps", but he failed to get it right. Let the first scholar get it right, and Wen Ting secretly told me that "the hairpin was dropped". Xuanzong was very happy and gave it a reward. Ling Hutao didn't know the theory of jade strips, so he asked Wen for advice. Wen Tingyun accused him of being from the South China Classic, and said that the South China Classic was not a good book. As a prime minister, he should also read some books in his spare time. The implication is that Ling doesn't study, but he still tells people that "books are generals in the province" and laughs at Tao for not learning. Ling Hutao hated him even more, saying that he was talented and incompetent, and should not be the first. It can be seen that Wen has never won the first prize. He is jealous of those in power unless he has no talent. Not only high, but also left a bad reputation for bad conduct. There is also a saying that Wen Tingyun met Xuanzong, who had traveled so far in the boathouse. Because he didn't know he was an emperor, he was proud of it.
Wen Tingyun disturbed the backyard, demoted Suizhou as a county commandant, and became a very small official. Later, Xu Shang town Xiangyang was turned into an inspector, and Wen was 56 years old at this time. In Xiangyang, literature and leather, making friends and singing together. After staying in Xiangyang for several years, Xu Shang went to Que, and Wen also left Xiangyang for Jiangdong. At this time, he was 6 1 year-old and returned to Huainan in winter at the age of 62. At this time, Wen, though famous for his poems, was down and out, in a mess, and had intimate drinking with the nobles Pei Jian and Gao Qiu. Ling was not in Huainan at that time, and Wen didn't go to see him because he kept suppressing himself when he was in office. Although an old acquaintance, I didn't go to see him. Later, Wen was forced to beg in the Yangzi Courtyard because of his poor family. He was drunk and made trouble all night. He was slapped by the patrolling soldiers, and even his teeth were discounted. He sued Ling Hutao because he didn't deal with rude soldiers. The soldiers said that Wen was narrow and ugly, and said how bad his conduct was. As a result, the words about the extremely bad character of the text spread to the capital. The 63-year-old man's teeth were knocked out, and his reputation was even worse. Wen had to go to Chang 'an in person, sent a letter to officials and ministers, saying that he had apologized for himself, and then lived in Beijing.
In the sixth year of Xian Tong (865), Wen became a teaching assistant and was arraigned by the main teaching assistant imperial academy the following year. Wen Tingyun, who was repeatedly suppressed in the imperial examination, was different in the main examination. After strict textual judgment, he wrote "Thirty Works of Justice on the List" and published a list saying: "Yes, the first few poems are well received underground, with concise knowledge, worthy of enlightenment, intense writing style, well-prepared songs, life-threatening titles, and outstanding words under light candles. Sincerely, it is appropriate to show it to the people on the list, not at will. List together to show selflessness. " Making the test poems public was intended to invite the masses to supervise and put an end to the unhealthy trend of borrowing soil because of people, which was spread as a beautiful talk at that time. This move brought misfortune to Wen. He is judged entirely by words, and the list has been made public, which has already made the dignitaries dissatisfied. In addition, some people criticize current politics and expose corruption in listed poems. Wen Tingyun praised that "the sound is sharp and happy to spread the truth", which is even more taboo for dignitaries. Therefore, Prime Minister Yang Shou was furious and demoted Wen to Fangcheng Wei. When Ji sent him to Fangcheng, he said, "Drink green (record) to dispel grievances, not to mention yellow ribbons to sweep away dust." Wen was hit by this and was demoted again. He died of depression this winter. Biography of Talented Talents in Tang Dynasty said, "I died in the street". Unknown died shortly after arriving at Fangcheng, or before arriving at Fangcheng. A generation of talented people died of frustration, and a thousand years later, people regretted it. He is arrogant and despises powerful people. So, Dr. Ji Tang Fu sent him to Fangcheng and wrote a poem: "Although the phoenix is in danger, the parrot is tall but tired."
At that time, powerful people could crowd out and suppress Wen, making his career and life bumpy, but he could not suppress Wen's talent. Wen finally became an immortal poet in literary history.
Wen is a famous poet in the late Tang Dynasty, who is famous for his poems. Although most of Wen's poems are not of high value in ideological sense, they are unique in art. Poets in all previous dynasties have highly praised Wen's poems and are known as the originator of Huajian School. Wang Zheng's Preface to Poems of Longbi Mountain Residence was written by Li Bai, Wang Jian and Wen. "His prose is deep and secluded, and the sage and gentleman are unspeakable. The commentator takes Ting Yun as the only one." Zhou Ji's "Miscellaneous Poems of Jiecunzhai" says: "There are differences in words, but there are differences. Fei Qing said a paperweight, which has finally sounded into the clouds, which can be described as the best of both worlds. " Zhang Hui also said: "Fei Qing's writing is beautiful and faithful. Fei Qing has the deepest brewing, so his words are not angry or arrogant, and he is prepared to combine rigidity with softness. " "Needle and thread, the Southern Song people began to show traces, and the flowers were very vigorous. If you fly to Qing, you are beyond the spirit, and you can stop asking for a visa. However, in detail, orthography has a context. " Liu Xizai's "Outline of Art" goes further: "Wen Feiqing's ci is exquisite." The position of prose in the history of ci is really very important.
There are as many as 66 tender words in Hua Jian Ji, and it can be said that Wen was the first poet devoted to lyricism. Ci, a literary form, was really valued by people. Only when it reached Wen's hands, did the five pronouns compete with the poets in Song Dynasty, which finally made Ci a wonderful work in China's ancient literary world, and it still has a very wide influence. Wen's contribution to Ci will always be admired by future generations.
Wen's poems were well written and highly praised by people at that time. The poem "The thatched cottage crows and the moon is full of frost" in A Journey to the Mountain is an immortal famous sentence. According to legend, Ouyang Xiu, a famous poet in the Song Dynasty, appreciated this couplet very much. He once wrote his own poem "Birds singing in the rain in Maodian, wild colorful spring in Banqiao", but it failed to exceed Shi Wen's original intention.
According to the book of New Tang Dynasty, there are three volumes of Penglan Collection, Jinquanji 10, Poetry Collection, five volumes, Han Nan Zhen Manuscript 10, Han Shang Ming Collection 10, Duan and Yu Zhi. Unfortunately, its collection has not been handed down. Wen's poems only exist in Huajian Collection, Quantang Poetry Collection and Quantang Literature.
Besides poetry, Wen is also a novel writer and scholar. According to the New Tang Book, there are three volumes of novel Gan Xunzi, Record of Tea Picking 1 Volume, Xue Hai Compilation1Volume. Unfortunately, they have all been lost, and now they can't find out the details. Especially the loss of Xue Hai 10 is really a great loss in the academic history of our country. If Xue Hai can be preserved, it will certainly make a great contribution to academic research and compilation.
As a famous poet in the late Tang Dynasty and an important figure in the history of China's Ci, the loss of his poetry anthology is regrettable and a great loss in the treasure house of classical literature. Not only the collection of poetry and prose is lost, but also the important historical materials about the text have been lost, so it is difficult to know the details of the text now. The Biography of Talented Persons in Tang Dynasty is also reversed in time sequence and wrong. Although some experts have studied it, they can only know it roughly. Nevertheless, Wen still shines brilliantly in the history of literature, and his name is immortal.