Features of Chu Ci: 1, rich imagination, gorgeous language and romantic style.
2. "Everyone writes Chu language, Chu sound, Chu land and Chu objects" has a strong local color.
3. The sentences of Chu Ci are irregular, changeable and generally long.
4. Commonly used modal particle "Xi" (at the end of the sentence: strengthening the overall tone, in the sentence: indicating pause)
Qu Yuan, the founding father, was the earliest and most influential patriotic poet.
Masterpiece:
Lisao
Nine Songs was adapted or processed by Qu Yuan according to folk sacrificial songs. Legend has it that Qu Yuan did it when he was exiled to Jiangnan. At that time, Qu Yuan was "full of worries and worries", so he wrote music and songs to worship the gods to express his thoughts and feelings. However, most modern researchers believe that it was made before exile, only for sacrificial purposes. Eleven articles: Emperor Taiyi, King in the Cloud, Lady Xiang, Less Thinking, Hebo, National Mourning, Ritual Soul.
Tian Wen is a rare and peculiar poem in ancient and modern times. It asked 172 questions to heaven continuously, involving astronomy, geography, literature, philosophy and many other fields, which showed the poet's bold suspicion of traditional ideas and scientific spirit of pursuing truth.
Ancient-oral ballads
Pre-Qin Dynasty —— Two Sources of Poetry Development
Shang Yang, Sang and Peacock Flying Southeast in Han Yuefu
(Late Han Dynasty) Literati's Five-character Poem Nineteen Ancient Poems (Shejiang Picking Hibiscus)
Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties—
1, Jian 'an Literature:
Three Caos (Cao Cao, Cao Zhi and Cao Pi)
Seven sons of Jian 'an (Kong Rong, Chen Lin, RoyceWong, Xu Gan, Ruan Yu, Angelababy, Liu Zhen)
(Literary Features: Jian 'an Style, Han and Wei Style)
2. Zhengshi literature: representative writers: Ruan Ji and Ji Kang.
3. Jin literature:
Western Jin Dynasty: Zuo Si
Eastern Jin Dynasty: Tao (Tao Yuanming: Initiating the Pastoral Poetry School)
Xie (Xie Lingyun: Initiating the School of Landscape Poetry)
Southern and Northern Dynasties (the greatest achievement is the development of folk songs)
Folk songs in the Southern Dynasties: Literary characteristics: narrow theme (love), gorgeous style, like puns.
Representative work "Song of Xizhou"
Folk songs in the Northern Dynasties: Literary features: wide subject matter, vigorous style and straightforward language.
Mulan Ci (representing the highest achievement of folk songs in the Northern Dynasties)
Representative poets: Bao Zhao, Xie Tiao and Geng Xin.
Four outstanding figures in Sui and Tang Dynasties: Wang Bo, Yang Jiong, Lu,,.
Poet in Tang Dynasty: (Li Bai) and poet sage (Du Fu) China's "Gemini" in his heyday.
Landscape Pastoral School: Wang Wei and Meng Haoran.
Frontier Poetry School: Gao Shi, Cen Can, Li Jie and Wang Changling.
Han Meng in the Middle Tang Dynasty (Han Yu, Meng Jiao —— Style Characteristics of Poetry: Weirdness and Danger)
Bai Yuan (Yuan Zhen, Bai Juyi —— Style Characteristics of Poetry: Plain Language)
Li He (known as "Shi Gui" —— Style characteristics of poetry: complicated poetic context)
Xiao in the Late Tang Dynasty: the tragic style characteristics of Li Shangyin's, Du Mu's and Wen's poems.
Song Dynasty-Jiangxi Poetry School in Song Dynasty: Huang Tingjian, Chen, Yang Wanli ("Chengzhai Style") and Su Shi.
Song Ci (graceful school: Liu Yong, Li Qingzhao, wild school: Su Shi, Xin Qiji)
Yuan Dynasty —— Four Masters of Yuan Qu (Guan Hanqing, Zheng Guangzu, Ma Zhiyuan, Bai Pu)
Qing Dynasty —— Qing Poetry (Gong Zizhen) and Qing Ci (Nalan Xingde)
I suggest you find some books on this subject, because there are too many.
Poetry is one of the earliest art forms in China literature, and The Book of Songs is the earliest collection of poems. Among them, the earliest poems were produced in the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty, and the latest poems were produced in the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period. As a result, a new form of poetry-Chuci appeared, and the outstanding representative of Chuci was the great poet Qu Yuan. The national style in The Book of Songs and the Chu Ci represented by Li Sao are two typical examples of China's ancient poetry. In terms of creative methods, Guo Feng and Li Sao respectively created the poetic traditions of realism and romanticism in China literature. During the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties, there appeared a new poetic style with a strong sense of reality-Yuefu, which is an important symbol of Yuefu. Mo Shang Sang, Peacock Flying Southeast, Mulan Poetry, etc. They are all treasures in China's ancient narrative poems. In the development of Yuefu poetry, the five-character and seven-character sentence patterns are attracting more and more attention. By the end of the Han Dynasty, nineteen ancient poems had appeared, and the poetic style of five-character poems was basically mature. Seven-character poems came into being later than five-character poems and were popular in Jin and Song Dynasties. After the full preparation of Yongming style poetry represented by Shen Yue in Qi and Liang Dynasties, modern style poetry entered its heyday in the Tang Dynasty. During this period, ancient poetry and modern poetry developed in an all-round way, and world-famous great poets such as Li Bai, Du Fu and Bai Juyi appeared.
China's poems are closely related to music. The development and change of the relationship between them has gone through three stages: following poetry with music, entering music with poetry, and writing words by sound. Eternal lyrics are a more advanced combination of poetry and music, which has experienced long-term development and evolution under the new historical conditions. Ci is a musical style, which originated from the folk. After the prosperous Tang Dynasty, it became common for literati to write ci. In the Five Dynasties, China's first collection of literati ci, Huajianji, came out. In the Song Dynasty, the realistic content and expression of Ci reached a perfect unity, which became another peak of China literature that could be juxtaposed with Tang poetry, and a large number of outstanding poets such as Su Shi appeared. In the late Southern Song Dynasty, Ci gradually lost its ability of harmony. The combination of Le Hu and northern folk slang, together with popular language, has formed a new poetic style-Sanqu, which has aroused people's new interest. Sanqu has absorbed a lot of slang in folk dialects, and it has a strong literary color and humor, which is rare in previous poems and has injected a fresh air into the poetry world. Sanqu developed rapidly in Yuan Dynasty and became one of the most prosperous genres in the history of China's poetry. After the rise of Song Ci and Yuan Qu, traditional poetry is still being created. Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties left a large number of poems with their own characteristics, but the overall achievements did not exceed those of the Tang Dynasty.
In China's traditional literary concept, prose is regarded as authentic literature with the same reputation as poetry. The first collection of narrative and argumentative essays in China's literary history is Shangshu, which is a compilation of ancient historical documents and some works describing ancient deeds. Although the style of writing is crooked, it is already slightly narrative and begins to show literary characteristics. During the Warring States period, wars were frequent, and scholars made suggestions and wrote books, which formed a situation in which a hundred schools of thought contended. Prose developed rapidly, mainly historical prose and hundred schools of thought's essays. Historical prose is represented by Zuo Zhuan, Guoyu and Warring States Policy, and the essays of various schools are represented by Mencius, Zhuangzi, Xunzi and Han Feizi. Confucianism and Taoism are two schools in the history of China's thoughts, so The Analects of Confucius, Mencius, Laozi and Zhuangzi have the greatest influence in the history of literature. Prose in this period is characterized by emotional excitement, strong argument, gorgeous rhetoric, rigorous structure, multi-purpose fables and good metaphors, and the basic form of prose has been determined. Prose in Han Dynasty pays more attention to literary talent, contains many antithetical sentences and tends to be lyrical. At this time, Sima Qian's Historical Records appeared. This masterpiece is large in scale and rigorous in structure, and it has achieved great success in writing scenes, portraying characters and lyrical comments. Therefore, Historical Records is not only regarded as a masterpiece of historical books, but also a model of China's biographical literature. Prose declined after the prosperity of parallel prose. It was not until Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan strongly advocated ancient prose in the Tang Dynasty that prose regained its vitality and status. The ancient prose in Tang and Song Dynasties directly inherited the tradition of Qin and Han Dynasties, especially the travel prose, which is fresh, elegant and lively. The pure literary prose of later generations has been advancing along this track. Essays in Ming and Qing Dynasties are an important style of pure literary prose, which absorbs the essence of prose in Tang Dynasty and incorporates humorous and meaningful notes in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, and has unique artistic charm. Fu and Parallel Prose are two genres in China literature, which are between poetry and prose. Fu originated from Chu Ci and was popular in Han Dynasty. It is poetic and advocates communication and circulation. Parallel prose prevailed in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, pursuing neat sentence patterns, emphasizing the stability of duality and the harmony of melody, but not requiring rhyme.
In China's traditional literary concept, novels are often regarded as gossip; China's traditional opera is regarded as a work that cannot be elegant. Therefore, novels and operas started late, and until the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, some great writers and works appeared one after another. In terms of traditional Chinese operas, such as Dou E Yuan by Guan Hanqing in Yuan Dynasty, Romance of the West Chamber by Wang Shifu, Peony Pavilion by Tang Xianzu in Ming Dynasty and Peach Blossom Fan by Kong in Qing Dynasty, they are all immortal works. Novels such as Romance of the Three Kingdoms, The Water Margin, The Journey to the West, Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio and The Scholars are all literary treasures. A Dream of Red Mansions is an immortal work, which pushes China literature to a new peak and can be compared with many famous novels in the world.
Pre-Qin: Four-character poem, the first book of poetry in ancient China, with realistic style.
Songs of Chu, also known as poems of Sao style, represent the poet Qu Yuan, and his representative works include Li Sao, Nine Songs, Nine Chapters, Tian Wen, etc., which are romantic.
Style.
Han Dynasty: Yuefu poems, such as Peacock Flying Southeast, Mulberry on the Stranger, Joining the Army on the 15th, are realistic.
Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties: Five-character poem, representative poet Cao Zhi, representative works "White Horse" and "Wang Biao as a White Horse".
Landscape pastoral poetry is a representative poet, Tao Yuanming, whose representative works include Returning to the Garden, Drinking, Poetry of Peach Blossom Garden and Reading the Classic of Mountains and Seas.
The poetic style is plain and natural.
Landscape poetry, on behalf of the poet Xie Lingyun, masterpiece "Climbing the pool upstairs"; Xie Tiao, the representative work "Going to Beijing after Going to Three Mountains Late".
Tang Dynasty: Early Tang Dynasty: Chen Ziang, his masterpiece on Youzhou Tower.
Prosperous Tang Dynasty: the pastoral school of landscape poetry, representing the poet Wang Wei, whose masterpieces include Autumn Night in the Mountain, Riverside of Hanshui River and Luanchuan Collection; Meng Haoran,
Masterpieces: Passing the Old Village, Spring Dawn.
The representative poet of the Frontier Poetry School, whose masterpiece "Song of Snow White Farewell to Tian Shuji Wu's Hometown" has a romantic style; Gao Shi, masterpiece "
Yan Geling, realistic style; Representative work "Join the Army" Wang Changling
Li Bai is a great romantic poet. Masterpieces: Difficult to Travel in Sichuan, Drinking in the Dream of Climbing Mount Tianmu.
Du Fu, a poet sage, is a great realistic poet. His masterpieces include Three Officials, Three Farewells, Northern Expedition, Spring Hope and so on.
Mid-Tang Dynasty: The New Yuefu Movement, represented by the poet Bai Juyi, consists of New Yuefu, Qin Zhongyin, Song of Eternal Sorrow and Pipa Xing.
Realistic style.
Han Yu, the representative poet of Han Meng's poetic school, whose masterpiece The Story of the Stone is poetic in style.
Shi Gui by the romantic poet Li He is the representative work of Yanmen.
Late Tang Dynasty: Li Shangyin, a representative poet, whose masterpieces are Untitled and Anding Tower; Du Mu, whose masterpieces include Bo Qinhuai, Jiang Nanchun,
Through Huaqing Palace, Chibi and Mountain Road.
Five Dynasties: Graceful and restrained words, represented by Li Yu, such as Yu Meiren, Langtaosha, Meeting You, and Wu Ye Tune.
Northern Song Dynasty: Su Shi, a representative poet, is an uninhibited poet. His representative works include Nian Nujiao, Shui Diao Ge Tou and Lake Drinking Chu Qing.
Wang Anshi, his masterpiece Dengguazhou; Huang Tingjian is a representative poet of Jiangxi Poetry School, who is famous for "going to the express booth" and "sending yellow letters".
Graceful words, representing the poet Liu Yong, include Yuling and Klang Ganzhou; Li Qingzhao, the representative works "Slow Sound" and "Song of Eternal Sorrow"
Wulingchun, Drunken Flowers, Pruning Plums.
Southern Song Dynasty: Lu You, a representative poet, whose masterpieces include Guan Shanyue, Book Anger, Shizi and Hairpin Phoenix; Fan Chengda, the representative work "Four Seasons in the Countryside"
Miscellaneous "; Yang Wanli's masterpiece "Four quatrains when I first entered the Huaihe River"; Wen Tianxiang, the representative works "Crossing Ding Yang" and "Songs of Benevolence and Righteousness".
Xin Qiji is a representative poet of the uninhibited school, and he is famous for Song of Eternal Sorrow, Hidden Dragon and Broken Array.
Jiang Kui is a representative poet of graceful and restrained school. His representative works include Slow Yangzhou, Dimfragrance and Thin Shadow.
Yuan Dynasty: Sanqu, the representative writer Ma Zhiyuan, and his masterpiece Tianjingsha Qiu Si.
Ming Dynasty: Gao Qi, a representative poet, made his masterpiece "Climbing the Yuhuatai in Jinling and Looking at the Great River".
Qing Dynasty: Gong Zizhen, a representative poet, wrote Poems of the Sea; Huang Zunxian, his representative works "Mourning of Lushun" and "Mourning of Taiwan Province Province".