( 1)
The fur pattern of the dragon horse is like a copper coin, and the white hoof gallops like stepping on a cloud.
But no one weaves a splendid picture, and who will cast a Jin Lu for it.
(2)
In winter, grass roots are sweet, and on the way to Beijing, snow is like salt.
I don't know whether my mouth is hard or soft, whether to touch the tribulus or to eat it.
(3)
I suddenly remembered Zhou Muwang, the son of the emperor, and drove on the Yushan Mountain.
Leave the amusement park with Zou, and Hongji can gallop to the horizon.
(4)
This horse is extraordinary, and the house star is the star.
Tap the fine bone forward, and it will bring its own copper sound.
(5)
The desert sand is like snow, and the Yanshan moon is like a hook.
Don't be a golden brain, go and step on the clear autumn.
(6)
Hungry bones stop teeth, coarse hair wears flowers.
The beads faded, the hair was broken and the saw grew numb.
(7)
Ximu Liquor will stop, and East Wang Mi has dried up.
If the king swallows it, who will drag the shaft?
㈧
That horse, red, is useless, but Lu Bu can ride it.
I heard that Xiao Guo Frog, a beautiful boy, can be controlled.
㈨
Urging the bill to cross the Wujiang River [1] makes the immortal cry.
King [2] Where do you chase heroes today?
( 10)
The horse was given to the imperial secretary, and the silver shovel stabbed Kirin.
At noon, salt sat on the table and rubbed the dust.
(Eleventh)
At the beginning of bamboo approval, peach blossoms were not on the upper body.
He must stir the array and use it to show the general.
(12)
The Baojun family is famous for its chivalrous character.
Heap gold to buy your bones and send them to King Xiang of Chu.
(13)
Sweet and fragrant, the dragon frowned.
Looking back at strangers in the south, who can't meet spring?
(14)
How can you be at a loss if you don't hunt from Huan Gong?
Once out of the ditch, look at the clouds.
(15th session)
Tang Jian beheaded Sui Gong, and Mao returned to Taizong.
Don't be too heavy, catch the wind.
(16)
White iron files green particles, and fine sand falls between the anvil.
The world pity the thin neck, but gold fears the long teeth.
(XVII)
Bole came up and saw that this is a swift horse, and its hair grows on its abdomen!
Now it is paying for its forage at the dock. When can it take off and cross the castle peak?
(18)
Xiao Si packs horses, Yuan Congzhu comes.
There are good things in the air, so I can't read the chapter.
(XIX)
The encirclement is like a swallow's tail, and the sword is like a fish intestine.
If you want to travel thousands of miles, you should first look out for the light.
(20th)
Temporary horse, fairy in the color building.
What happened to Gaozhou?
(second)
When I arrived at the Wangs, I woke up Heluan.
When you gallop on the sea, you are regarded as a green mule.
(Part II)
Emperor Wu loves immortals and burns gold to get purple smoke.
The stables are full of meat horses and don't understand the sky.
This is a poem that eulogizes things and expresses one's heart. Commentators generally believe that it was written in the 28th year (740) or 29th year of Kaiyuan, which coincided with the period when poets roamed Qi and Zhao, flying eagles and lackeys, and horses and chariots were wild. The style of the poem is super vigorous and powerful, which embodies the enterprising spirit of young Du Fu.
This poem is divided into two parts. The first four sentences are written in front, but they are written in real words. The poet, like a gorgeous hand of Dan Qing, painted a "person" for us with vivid brushwork. From Dawan (the name of the western regions in the Han Dynasty, famous for producing "blood horses"), it is natural and extraordinary compared with Kyle. Then, the image of a horse is depicted. Six methods were put forward in the Catalogue of Ancient Paintings by Sheikh in Southern Qi Dynasty. The first method was "vivid" and the second method was "writing with a pen", which was put forward as the first condition for vivid expression. The so-called "bone method" is the demeanor and temperament of the writing object. Du Fu wrote about the bones of horses: rugged and towering, like a sharp sword, drawing a magnificent outline. Then write that horse ears are as sharp as knives and axes, which is also the characteristic of a good horse. At this point, the majestic horse has leapt from the paper, and we seem to see it puffing and eager to try. It is natural to write down its majestic posture of flying on all fours and flying rapidly below. The verbs "pi" and "ru" are extremely vivid. The former uses straight ears to write, which has a powerful force; The latter does not write four hooves to give birth to wind, but writes that wind enters four hooves, which has a unique charm. According to the rider's feeling, when he is speeding, it seems that the horse is still, the scenery on both sides flashes rapidly, and the wind whizzes between his hooves. The poet's description is meticulous and vivid. In the rhythm of "221", the couplet highlights the last word of each sentence: "Jun" describes the spirit of the horse, and "light" describes its galloping, which shows the poet's ingenuity. This part describes the style of the horse with a large number of sketches, omitting unnecessary details, and only writes its bone appearance, ears and Mercedes-Benz state, because these three can best reflect the characteristics of the horse. As Zhang Yanyuan said in "Comment on Painting", "The pen is only one or two, and the image is positive. When you stay away from painting, you will see its lack. Although it is not well written, it is also very thoughtful. " This is the so-called "freehand brushwork".
The first four sentences of the poem describe the dynamic appearance of the horse, while the last four sentences turn to describe the character of the horse. Using imaginative writing techniques, from chanting things to expressing feelings. The neck couplet comes from galloping horses, writing it galloping freely, crossing the capital, and the world is infinite; Its ability to overcome all obstacles is enough to make people trust. It seems that horses are written here, but people are actually written here. Isn't this the image of loyal friends, brave men and chivalrous men? The couplet begins with "Xiao Teng has such a way" to sum up this horse, and finally writes: "Running wild" contains endless expectations and ambitions, which has developed the artistic conception very far-reaching. This couplet is not only well received, but also very open. It is not only about Wan Li running horses, but also about expecting Cao to make contributions to the country, which is also a portrayal of the poet's own ambition. In the prosperous Tang Dynasty, the national strength was strong and the territory was developed, which aroused people's lofty sentiments. Scholars are eager to make contributions to Wan Li. It is indeed the most appropriate to show this vigorous spirit with a good horse. This is really different from Du Fu's showing concern for the country by showing compassion for the sick horse in his later period.
Zong Bing, a Song Dynasty poet in the Southern Dynasties, thinks that the truth of "being calm and calm" can be achieved through vivid words. If an artistic image cannot be "fluent", that is, convey the author's feelings, then no matter how cool it is, it is lifeless. Du Fu's poems combine things and lyricism naturally and seamlessly. Writing about horses is also writing about people, and writing about people cannot be separated from writing about horses. On the one hand, this gives horses fresh souls, and the spirit of employing people further makes them live; On the other hand, people have the character of a horse, and people's feelings have also been expressed incisively and vividly. The predecessors said that "it is the most difficult to chant poems about things, if it is too relevant, it will stick to the bone, and if it is irrelevant, it will catch the wind and catch the shadow, and it will be in between" (Qian Yong's Poems in the Garden). Du Fu did this.
The desert sand is like snow, and the Yanshan moon is like a hook.
Don't be a golden brain, go and step on the clear autumn.
The History of Horse is to express the heterogeneity of genius, lofty aspirations and the feelings and resentment of people with lofty ideals by praising, praising or lamenting the fate of horses. A sentence or two shows the unique scenery of the frontier battlefield, which is the application of the law: on the continuous Yanshan mountains, a bright moon bends in the sky; Wan Li in Pingsha looks like a layer of white frost and snow in the moonlight. This ordinary person may only feel sad and cold battlefield scene, which has unusual attraction for those who are determined to serve the country. The Moon in Yanshan Mountain is Like a Hook, and Xiao Yue hangs a jade bow as a curtain (the sixth in Nanyuan). "Hook" is a machete, and both are weapons. It is associated with the image of weapons from the bright crescent moon, which means thinking about fighting. Zhenyuan, Yuanhe period, where the author lived, was a period when the buffer region was extremely domineering, and the Jimen area in Youzhou implied by "Yanshan Mountain" was the zone where the buffer region ravaged for the longest time and caused the most disasters, so the poems were quite realistic. Thinking about war is also targeted. Sha Xue's flat battlefield is chilly, but it is a place where heroes can play. So these two sentences are lyrical and tangible.
When can I put on a mighty saddle and gallop on the battlefield in the crisp autumn? "Ma Shi" says: "The dragon's back is tied with iron, and the silver hoof is covered with smoke. No one tapestry, who is the golden whip? " The lament of "no one has brocade" and "what should I do" To express the same meaning is to hope that a good horse can be used as a good horse. "Golden brain", "brocade" and "golden whip" all belong to precious saddles, symbolizing the importance of horses. Obviously, this is a cry that the author is eager to make achievements but is not appreciated.
This poem and "South Garden (Why Men Don't Take Wu Gou)" are the same desire to join the army, pacify the provinces and make contributions to the country. But South Garden is a direct expression of the soul, and this poem belongs to allegorical or figurative style. It is more exciting to express one's mind directly; And with contrast, you will feel elegant and intriguing. In one or two sentences of the poem, it is also a comparison to use snow as a metaphor for sand and hook as a metaphor for the moon; It is also fun to write from a characteristic scenery and lead to lyricism. In a short span of twenty crosses, we can see the interest in comparison, and there is a ratio in interest, which greatly enriches the expressive force of poetry. Syntactically, the last two sentences are completed in one go, starting with the question "What should I do", which strongly conveys infinite expectations and has a sigh; The word "Step in the Clear Autumn" is full of vigor and novel collocation. It is covered with "clear autumn" grass and yellow horse fertilizer, and it is only driven by the word "go quickly". The image symbolizes the graceful charm of the horse, which is "the direction is not empty, and it is really worth life and death." Xiao Teng has this kind of behavior, and ten thousand run amok "(Du Fu's Fang Bing Cao Huma). Therefore, the practice of choosing words and making sentences is also a successful factor that cannot be ignored in the artistic expression of this poem. Ma Shi expresses talent, ambition, feelings and resentment by praising or lamenting the fate of horses, and its expression method belongs to figurative style. However, this poem has unique significance in the use of metaphor.
The first sentence and the second sentence show the unique frontier battlefield scenery. At first glance, it is the application of fu method: on the continuous Yanshan mountains, a bright moon is in the sky; Wan Li in Pingsha looks like a layer of white frost and snow in the moonlight. This ordinary person may only feel sad and cold battlefield scene, which has unusual attraction for those who are determined to serve the country. The Moon in Yanshan Mountain is Like a Hook, and Xiao Yue hangs a jade bow as a curtain (the sixth in Nanyuan). "Hook" is a machete, and both are weapons. It is associated with the image of weapons from the bright crescent moon, which means thinking about fighting. Zhenyuan, Yuanhe period, where the author lived, was a period when the buffer region was extremely domineering, and the Jimen area in Youzhou implied by "Yanshan Mountain" was the zone where the buffer region ravaged for the longest time and caused the most disasters, so the poems were quite realistic. Thinking about war is also targeted. Sha Xue's flat battlefield is chilly, but it is a place where heroes can play. So these two sentences are lyrical and tangible.
When can I put on a mighty saddle and gallop on the battlefield in the crisp autumn? "Ma Shi" says: "The dragon's back is tied with iron, and the silver hoof is covered with smoke. No one tapestry, who is the golden whip? " The lament of "no one has brocade" and "what should I do" To express the same meaning is to hope that a good horse can be used as a good horse. "Golden brain", "brocade" and "golden whip" all belong to precious saddles, symbolizing the importance of horses. Obviously, this is a cry that the author is eager to make achievements but is not appreciated.
This poem and "South Garden (Why Men Don't Take Wu Gou)" are the same desire to join the army, pacify the provinces and make contributions to the country. But South Garden is a direct expression of the soul, and this poem belongs to allegorical or figurative style. It is more exciting to express one's mind directly; And with contrast, you will feel elegant and intriguing. In one or two sentences of the poem, it is also a comparison to use snow as a metaphor for sand and hook as a metaphor for the moon; It is also fun to write from a characteristic scenery and lead to lyricism. In a short span of twenty crosses, we can see the interest in comparison, and there is a ratio in interest, which greatly enriches the expressive force of poetry. Syntactically, the last two sentences are completed in one go, starting with the question "What should I do", which strongly conveys infinite expectations and has a sigh; The word "Step in the Clear Autumn" is full of vigor and novel collocation. It is covered with "clear autumn" grass and yellow horse fertilizer, and it is only driven by the word "go quickly". The image symbolizes the graceful charm of the horse, which is "the direction is not empty, and it is really worth life and death." Xiao Teng has this kind of behavior, and ten thousand run amok "(Du Fu's Fang Bing Cao Huma). Therefore, the practice of choosing words and making sentences is also a successful factor that cannot be ignored in the artistic expression of this poem.