The public security school headed by Yuan Hongdao, Yuan Zongdao and Yuan Zhongdao advocated "expressing one's own spirit and not sticking to any particular pattern", opposed the literary retro, advocated innovation, and cleared the influence of the retro school in the literary world with their creative achievements, becoming a strong force in the poetry innovation movement in the late Ming Dynasty. After that, Jingling School tried to remedy the superficial disadvantages of the public security school while learning from the public security school. By the end of the Ming Dynasty, a group of patriotic writers, represented by Chen Zilong and Xia Wanchun, advocated retro, but they were worried about current affairs and took part in the anti-Qing struggle in person. Their poetry creation had strong practical significance and generous and vigorous style, and had their own unique achievements. What is worth mentioning is the creation of essays in the late Ming Dynasty. In fact, this essay is a short and pithy prose with free and lively form, or writing landscapes, prefaces and postscripts, or expressing one's own feelings, etc. It is eclectic and expressive, and has made remarkable achievements. A number of famous essays like Yuan Hongdao, Tang Xianzu, Wang Siren, Chen Jiru, Zhang Dai and Liu Dong have appeared.