Artistic achievements of Tao Yuanming's poems

Tao Yuanming is the poet with the highest literary achievements in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. His poetry has a unique style, high artistic attainments, simple and natural content, close to life, cordial and sincere, and full of true feelings. People are familiar with the scenes and things described. Through the description of simple and natural pastoral scenery, I am good at describing life scenes and the author's feelings about life with line drawing, simple language and unadorned techniques. This has formed a fresh and natural feature. For example, the description of "few but not vulgar rhyme", "more than ten acres of square houses, eight or nine huts", "warm and distant villages, kitchen smoke from the streets of Yiyi" in "Returning to the Garden", these life scenes, the poet's interests and mood are all the poet's real feelings and are written very cordially. (2) Integrity and integrity, and lofty artistic conception. The author is good at creating artistic conception. There are many wonderful descriptions of scenery in his pastoral poems, and it is both objective and intentional to incorporate the scenery that suits his mood into his poems. The natural scenery permeates the poet's subjective feelings, and the scenes are integrated into one, which is memorable. It is often organically combined with specific scenery and the poet's sincere feelings, which is situational and leads people to a higher and deeper realm. This high integration of emotion, scenery and reason, that is, the combination of poetry and reason, makes Tao poetry more sublime, fresh and vulgar. For example, the word "leisurely see Nanshan under the hedge of picking chrysanthemums" is very simple, but it also contains a charm. It is a very friendly relationship between man and nature, expressed in plain language. "The mountains are getting better and better, and birds are returning more and more. This is an objective description of the scenery. From "Birds on the Way Home", we can see that Tao Yuanming's full affirmation and satisfaction of rural life has a deep charm. ③ The language is precise and natural. The language of Shi Tao's poems is simple and straightforward, with no trace of axe chisel, simple and natural, simple and simple, easy to understand, but by no means shallow and vulgar. The seemingly ordinary "family language" in his poems is actually refined by art and the result of the poet's painstaking efforts. Many of them are very vivid and vivid. The word "wing" in The Wind Comes from the South, and the word "see" in Drinking, Picking Chrysanthemums under the East Hedgerow and Seeing Nanshan leisurely can all be seen as their true colors and their simplicity. Zhong Rong commented on Tao's poems in "Poems" that "the style of writing is clean and there are almost no long articles". Tao Yuanming was influenced by the philosophy of Laozi and Zhuangzi. Because he had never lived in the countryside before, he had personally participated in labor and had contact with the working people, so he inevitably got some new feelings and inspirations in his thoughts. Therefore, in the Jin Dynasty, while advocating the style of writing, he was able to create a new form of pastoral poetry with unique style, which made great contributions to the history of China's poetry development. He never forgot this world from his "ambition to escape from the four seas" in his youth to his "ambition to stay in the world" in his old age. His masterpiece "Peach Blossom Spring" handed down from ancient times is precisely his vision of a "happy society" where everyone is independent and friendly, and there is no distractions and poverty in reality. Even analyzing his seclusion and drinking in the background at that time contains the significance of expressing a certain degree of dissatisfaction and resistance to the dark rule at that time. Of course, Tao Yuanming was, after all, a scholar-bureaucrat who lived in the feudal society more than a thousand years ago. There are many negative things in his thoughts and poems, such as living in poverty, eating, drinking and avoiding the world. However, due to his class preference, literary critics and poets of later generations pay more attention to appreciating and praising his characteristics in this respect, which is regarded as the essence of Tao's poetry. Tao Yuanming is the first poet who wrote a lot of drinking poems in the history of China literature. The 20 songs he "drank" were all "intoxicating" or accused the right and wrong of being reversed, discrediting the same upper class; Or expose the decadent darkness of the world; Or reflect the sinister occupation; Or express the joy of the poet after he quit the officialdom; Or express the poet's grievances in difficulties. Judging from the interest and style of the poem, it may not be a work of the same period. In the second year of Yuanxi in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (420), Emperor Wu of Song abolished Gong Jin as the king of Lingling, killed him the following year, and established the Liu and Song Dynasties. Narrating wine records the process of usurping power in a subtle and tortuous way by metaphor. He expressed infinite sorrow for the downfall of Emperor Jin Gong and the Jin Dynasty. At this time, Tao Yuanming had lived in seclusion for many years and was used to troubled times and usurping power. But this poem still reveals his unforgettable human spirit. 2. Poetry? Represented by 12 miscellaneous poems and 13 reading Shan Hai Jing. 12' s miscellaneous poems mostly show their political depression after retirement, and express their noble personality of not drifting with the tide. It can be seen that the poet's heart is infinitely deep and broad. 13 in Reading the Classic of Mountains and Seas expresses the same content by reciting the wonders in the Classic of Mountains and Seas. For example, the poem 10, by praising Jing Wei and Xing Tian's "fierce ambition is always there", expresses and shows that their ambition to help the world will never die. 3. Pastoral Poems Tao Yuanming has the largest number of pastoral poems and the highest achievements. This kind of poetry fully shows the poet's lofty interest in disdaining fame and fortune and his noble integrity in keeping his ambition; It fully shows the poet's extreme hatred and complete break with the dark officialdom; It fully shows the poet's love for simple pastoral life, his understanding of labor and his friendly feelings for working people. It fully shows the poet's pursuit and yearning for the ideal world. As a scholar-bureaucrat, such thoughts, feelings and contents are unprecedented in the history of literature, especially in a society with strict gate system and concept. Some of Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems also reflect his predicament in his later years, which can help us indirectly understand the miserable life of the peasant class at that time. Tao Yuanming's Peach Blossom Garden was written in the early Song Dynasty. It depicts a utopian ideal society. It shows the poet's complete denial of the existing social system and infinite admiration for the ideal world. It marks that Tao Yuanming's thought has reached a new height. Tao Yuanming is the pioneer of pastoral poetry. With its simple and natural language and lofty artistic conception, it opened up a new world for China's poetry circle and directly influenced the pastoral poetry school in Tang Dynasty. "Gui Xi Ci" is a heroic declaration of resigning and returning home. Tao Yuanming sees through life with poetic insight and touches the scenery with beautiful flowers. By reappearing the unfettered rural life and describing the natural scenery, he showed the poet's romantic feelings of advocating nature and pursuing freedom, and also reflected the poet's detached attitude of hating officialdom and staying away from the secular. When people talk about "Hui Xi Ci", they are used to praising Tao Yuanming's pastoral pleasure and seclusion, while ignoring the sadness of life hidden between the lines. When studying the text, I found an interesting phenomenon, that is, when the poet expresses joy and joy, he always uses some words that are easy to remind people of his sour heart and hidden pain intentionally or unintentionally, and tries to figure out and taste the deep connotation of these words. I think "Back to Xi Ci" is also a sad song that reveals hidden pain and stretches depression in a sense. Tao Yuanming is the most outstanding poet, lyricist and essayist in the Han, Wei, Southern and Northern Dynasties since 800 years ago. There are 125 existing pottery poems, including 9 four-character poems and 6 five-character poems11. Wen Tao has 12 articles today, including 3 poems, 5 rhymes and 4 essays. The leisure fu in Tao Yuanming's ci fu is based on Zhang Heng's fixed love fu and Cai Yong's static love fu. The content is to write a dream about love, which is meaningless. "Feeling Men Encounter Fu" is a copy of Dong Zhongshu's Feeling Men Encounter Fu and Sima Qian's Sad Men Encounter Fu, and its content is to express the resentment under the door valve system. Gui Xi Ci is a political declaration that Tao Yuanming publicly broke with the upper class when he resigned and retired. The article uses a lot of space to write about his infinite joy of leaving the officialdom, imagine his infinite joy after retiring to the countryside, and show the author's yearning and love for nature and seclusion. The article skillfully integrates narrative, discussion and lyricism to create a vivid, natural and fascinating artistic realm; The language is natural and simple, washing away the strong local flavor. "Poetry Rhyme" consists of nine chapters, namely: painting a fan, reading history, offering sacrifices to Cheng's sisters, brothers and oneself. Prose includes "Biography of Meng Fujun, General of the Western Expedition to Jin Dynasty", also known as "Biography of Meng Jia", which is a biography written for Meng Jia, the ancestor of foreign nationalities; In addition, there are Biography of Mr. Wu, Peach Blossom Garden, Sparse and Yan Zi, etc. Generally speaking, Wen Tao's numbers and achievements are not as good as Shi Tao's. Tao Yuanming's poems are sincere, simple and natural, and sometimes reveal Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi's thoughts of escaping from reality and taking pleasure in knowing life. Therefore, Tao Yuanming is known as the "pastoral poet" and the originator of the pastoral school. His poems can be divided into three categories: drinking poems, chanting poems and pastoral poems.