It’s “haiku”, not “feiju”!
Haiku
A Japanese classical short poem, consisting of 17 syllables. Originally called haixi (also written as slander). The term haixi comes from China and is roughly synonymous with comedy. In Japan, it first appeared in the "Anthology of Ancient and Modern Japanese Songs" (which contains 58 "Haikose Songs"). By the Edo Period (1600-1867), there were haiku, connected sentences, haiku, etc. derived from "Haixie Lienge". .
Hai Hai Lien Ge is similar to Chinese modern poetry couplets. The first sentence is the 17th sound of the 5, 7, and 5 sentence patterns, which is called the Fa sentence (starting sentence), the threatening sentence (matching sentence) is the 7 and 7 sentence patterns, and the 3rd and 4th sentences are the first two. The sentence patterns are repeated in turn, and the last sentence ends with sentence patterns 7 and 7, which is called the conclusion. Haiku, that is, take the starting sentence (starting sentence), add "season title" (words that express the season of writing haiku) and "cut characters" (certain sentence breaking particles or auxiliary verbs) to make it an independent short poem with 17 characters. . Famous haiku writers in Japan, in the Muromachi period (1392-1573). In the later period, there were Munekan and Arakida Moritake, both of whom were haiku renge authors; in the Edo period, there was Matsunaga Sadoku, who advocated the entertainment and educational aspects of haiku and was known as " "Zhenmen" can be said to be a school that tends to be classical. At that time, haixi was still in the stage of entering haixi renge. On the other hand, there is Xishan Zongyin, who advocates the comicality of haiku and emphasizes the freedom and unrestrainedness of creation, which is called the "Tan Lin" school. Another person with the characteristics of this school is the famous haiku writer Ihara Saikaku. Matsuo Basho, generally known as the haiku saint, blended the classical techniques of Matsunaga Sadoku and the free and unrestrained prose style of Nishiyama Soin, and developed them, abandoning the elements of word games such as comedy and entertainment, making haiku an artistic form. A valuable poem about the lives of common people. In the 17th century, Japanese haiku came into decline. In the second half of the 18th century, with Xiewu Village's call to "return to Bajiao", it once again prospered. In the Edo period, the following sentences gradually lost their luster in wakiku (pairing sentences), but Kobayashi Icha showed outstanding achievements in the creation of hakushu (starting sentences). Masa
As a haiku revivalist in the Meiji era (1868-1912), Oka Shiki clearly proposed that lianju (that is, haiku liange) does not belong to literature, and advocated the use of lianju sentences (starting sentences). Sentence) is a "haiku" literature, which still retains the rhythm of the sentence, making it the shortest poem in Japan. Since then, haiku renge has gradually declined. Although a few people have promoted it in modern times, it has not seen a revival. Later, some people advocated the abolition of "seasonal titles" (called "seasonless haiku") and the negation of stereotypes (called "free rhythm haiku"), but they did not become a leading force.
Haiku uses more symbolic and metaphorical techniques, advocating simplicity, implicitness, and elegance, and is more concise than waka. Because poems are short and easy to recite and chant anytime and anywhere, many people in Japan are engaged in amateur writing. Modern haiku is also very developed.
Bibliography Imoto Noichi: "Basho", Tokyo, 1962.