Bao Zhao's works play an important role in the history of China's poetry development. His main achievement is poetry creation, especially Yuefu poetry. He is known as a poet who introduced Cao, Liu Zhiji and Li. His parallel prose is also good.
0 1 Bao Zhao's life
Bao Zhao (? -466), the word Ming Yuan. Originally from the East China Sea (now Tancheng, Shandong). His ancestors were once famous, but when they came to the south, the family declined. When he first came, he was born in poverty and was discriminated against, but he was brilliant and ambitious.
Zhong Rong said that he was "talented" (Poetry).
He once presented poems to Liu Yiqing, king of Linchuan, and served as assistant minister of the country. He lived in Yiqing for six years. Yiqing died and lived in seclusion at home. Later, he served as an assistant minister under Liu Zhuo, the first king of the Qing Dynasty. Liu Shao, prince of Liu Zhuo, was found to be against Song Wendi's plot, so he resigned due to illness.
Dr. imperial academy, China calligrapher Hai Yuling, followed by Mauling Mausoleum and Yongjialing since Emperor Xiaowu. Filial piety emperor Daming Wu Wang (46 1), Liu Zi, the king of Linhai, stayed in Jingzhou as a former army. In the eighth year of Daming (464), Liu ascended the throne. The following year, Liu Zhuang killed Liu and stood on his own two feet. Liu, the son of rebellion, responded. In the second year of defeat, Bao Zhao died in the army.
He lives in such a turbulent era, so his life is such a life. His life is miserable, but he is ambitious. His experience just reflected the unreasonable system of the gentry in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties.
02 Bao Zhao's poems
Bao Zhao's literary talent was extraordinary, and his poetry was one of the best at that time, but his position was very low, which made him depressed.
Song Wendi is a good writer. "He said he was beyond the reach of others. According to its purpose, I am tired of the article. " People in power like literature. If someone writes better than Song Wendi, he will kill people. Seeing this, Bao Zhao deliberately wrote poorly to prevent being killed by the emperor.
Therefore, his poems are full of melancholy, and he is the author who can best inherit the "left thinking style" of the Southern Dynasties.
His poetic achievements and status are shown in three aspects.
The first one is poetry genre.
He wrote many Yuefu poems, and we are talking about the ancient Yuefu, that is, the Wei and Jin Dynasties at that time. History of the Song Dynasty and History of the South all mentioned that he "tasted like an ancient Yuefu and wrote beautifully."
He was a poet who made great efforts to create Yuefu poems and achieved the highest achievements in the Southern and Northern Dynasties.
We should not only learn ancient Yuefu, but also learn folk songs-five hymns, western songs and so on, unlike the elegant music used by people who write ancestral halls and courtyards at the same time. A wide range of subjects, vigorous and fresh style, gorgeous and natural language.
For example, eighteen imitations of It's Difficult to Go to the Sky, Plum Blossom Fall and Poem on the White Head are both genre innovations, which are used to express the feelings of life. Those who write lofty sentiments are suppressed and cannot live in the world.
In addition, he wrote many seven-character poems. Before that, there were few authors and few works of seven-character poems. There are many seven-character poems in Bao Zhao's Yuefu poems, which promote the development of seven-character poems. Such as "quasi-hard to go" thirteenth.
02.02 The second is the content.
From the content point of view, there are roughly the following aspects.
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Directly criticize the irrationality at that time, the right system, and the sorrow of those who have no door.
02.02.02 The other is to show the sufferings and misfortunes of the lower classes.
For example, Dongwuyin adapted the traditional theme of wandering immortals and told the story of veterans.
A veteran, after working all his life, came home poor and helpless.
Another example is "Eight Ancient Imitations" (6):
Duoqi Mountain in Shu Han, looking up at the clouds. Shaded cliffs accumulate in Xia Xue, while sunny valleys disperse in Qiu Guang.
See the clouds return to the court, smell the apes sing at night. Worried people feel sorry for themselves, and lonely people are easy to get hurt.
Put a bottle of wine in the temporary hall for a lifetime. Stone is firm, don't be ashamed of your sincerity.
These works all reflect the hardships of the poor at that time.
02.02.03 The third is to describe the frontier life.
02.03 Poetry Style and Skills
His poetic style is vigorous, magnificent but not weak.
Du Fu's Spring Memories of Li Bai: "Purely cultivate the government, and Jun Yibao joins the army." Six Dynasties, fresh and easy, elegant and difficult. This is actually due to the heroic spirit and injustice of the human body.
The Biography of Southern Qi Literature called his works "amazing in singing, anxious in adjusting risks, gorgeous in carving and thrilling." The pursuit of exotic, gorgeous and thrilling artistic effects.
Later, Li Bai was greatly influenced by Bao Zhao.
03 Bao Zhao's Literature and Fu
Bao Zhao's prose and prose have also made great achievements. Its beginning is full of parallel prose, which is also wonderful and profound. Representative works include "Exposing Guabu Mountain" and "Climbing the Thunder Shore and Sisters Book".
Guabu Mountain is a hill, but its location is very important, at the entrance of the Yangtze River. So do people. Although your talent is good, you have no position and will not be reused, showing your depression and dissatisfaction with the system at that time.
Deng An and Sister Books:
Describing the scenery near Lushan Mountain can reflect the author's gloomy and heroic spirit.
Bao Zhao's Fu is the best.
Wu Chengfu was the highest in the Southern Dynasties;
Write that the city wall is long and high. Painting the city wall with red clay and patterns reminds me of the red wall of the Forbidden City. Describe the desolate scenery in front of you and highlight the terrible situation.
Fu described the broken scenery of Guangling after the war and expressed the unique affection of life in troubled times. Contrast is widely used in Fu to compare the past and present of Guangling. Give full play to the specialty of Fu and make great efforts to render it carefully; Strong feelings and deep sadness.
"Driving away the desolate and thrilling words has put this family in a desperate situation." (Compilation of Ancient Vocabulary)
Therefore, in the history of China ancient literature, Bao Zhao is considered as one of the best writers in China.