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Miscellaneous Poems of Jihai
The sun is setting in the day when I am about to leave, and I chant my whip to the east and point to the end of the world.
Falling red is not a heartless thing, it turns into spring mud to protect flowers.
Literary Appreciation
The author resigned angrily, said goodbye to his relatives and friends, and was filled with sorrow. The word "magnificent" not only indicates the depth of melancholy, but also contains various complex thoughts and feelings such as dissatisfaction with the society at that time, anger with those in power, and concern for people's lives. [3]
"The sun sets in the midst of the mighty sorrow of separation." The sorrow of separation has filled the world and is overwhelming, not to mention that it is just when the sun is setting in the west and the sun is setting. You can imagine the poet's mood at this time. If we use the phrase structure method to analyze the connotation, and take "Li Chou" as the central word, then " Vast" is the attributive of "Li Chou", and "白日雪" is the complement of "Li Chou". "The sun sets in the day" means that the author returns south with the sorrow of separation. Because the sorrow is accumulated in his chest, it feels like the time passes very quickly, and the sun is getting worse before he knows it. Instead of saying "sunset" here, we use "day", which is consistent with the author's mood at that time, and also a metaphor for the declining social reality of the country at that time. [3] In Chinese classical poetry, poets often like to use the sunset as a natural phenomenon and as a symbol of the fleeting time to show the intensity of lovesickness or the pain of separation. "Hand in hand up the river, what will happen to a wanderer at dusk?" ("Ancient Poems"); "The thoughts of a wanderer in the floating clouds are like the feelings of an old friend in the setting sun" (Li Bai's "Farewell to a Friend"); "Thinking about it, thousands of miles of mist, the dusk is sinking and the sky is vast" (Liu Yong) "The Ring in the Rain"); "The setting sun is still there, where the smoke and willows break the heart" (Xin Qiji's "Touching Fish"). "Yin whip east points to the end of the world." "Yinbian" refers to the poet's riding whip, and "East Point" points out the destination of this trip - his hometown (Zhejiang). "That's the end of the world" means that we are still far away from our hometown. [3] From where the whip is raised, in front of you is Haijiao Tianya, which is getting further and further away from the capital. Ma Zhiyuan of the Yuan Dynasty wrote his thoughts on autumn in his "Tian Jing Sha": "Withered vines, old trees and crows, small bridges and flowing water, people's houses. The west wind winds and the thin horses on the ancient road. The sun sets in the west, and the heartbroken people are at the end of the world." Gong Zizhen modified the sorrow of separation with "vastness" and " "The sun is setting" to set off the sorrow of separation, and "the end of the world" is used to set off the sorrow of separation. This multi-layered description method is similar to Ma Zhiyuan's "the sun sets in the west, and the heartbroken man is at the end of the world". It's just that Gong Zizhen's "Yin whip east points to the end of the world" did not directly say that he was a "heartbroken person".
It stands to reason that Gong Zizhen was dissatisfied with the lifeless life in the yamen of the Ministry of Rites, so she resolutely resigned from her position as the head of the Ministry of Rites, and prepared to return to her hometown of Hangzhou to do a career. She left the capital alone, and all she had was a sense of rupture with the old forces and The feeling of hatred should not produce the overwhelming sadness of separation. Liu Zao, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, said in "Lvci Shuofang": "I crossed the Sanggan River for no reason, but I thought Bingzhou was my hometown." It is said that because he was relegated to a farther place, even the guest house became his hometown. The difference is that although Gong Zizhen is from Renhe (now Hangzhou), Zhejiang, he lived in Beijing when he was a child and worked as a Beijing official in the Ministry of Rites and other institutions for more than ten years. The capital has long become his second hometown. Although Gong Zizhen took the initiative to resign, the reason for his resignation was because he had fallen into a subordinate position, lived in poverty, and had no other choice. Objectively, he was forced to leave the capital. Therefore, "the sorrow of separation" contains a bit of frustration in official career, a sigh of not being useful to the world, and a sense of political and ideological loneliness. In addition, Gong Zizhen had a very close relationship with the prostitute Lingxiao at that time. One-tenth of the themes in "Jihai Miscellaneous Poems" are related to Lingxiao. One of them said that she was falling into a love scene where "red is like lovesickness and green is like sorrow." Although Lingxiao is not in the capital, but in this case, saying goodbye to the past life, the lingering and reluctant "parting sorrow" is difficult to get rid of. It can be seen that the connotation of Gong Zizhen's "sorrow" is rich, complex and multifaceted.
The flying flowers at dusk arouse the poet's sorrow of separation. The career is unfinished, the years are wasted, the youth is gone, the red sun is setting in the west, and now that I have left the capital, I may never return. As an expert in describing falling flowers, the poet loves to "explore spring", and even more loves to "send spring", and loves to bloom flowers. Perhaps he prefers to watch the flowers fall. In "Song of Falling Flowers in the Western Suburbs", he once said that the flying begonia flowers are strange dragons and phoenixes that wander around the world. He compared the spectacle of the begonias falling in the strong wind to "like the surging tide at night in Qiantang". "It's like Kunyang's invincible battle in the morning; like eighty-four thousand heavenly maidens washing their faces and pouring rouge on this place." "I also heard that the flowers fell four inches deep in the Pure Land, and I was especially fascinated by meditating with my eyes." I imagined that "the trees in Ande have endless flowers, and the rain is new and beautiful. Three hundred and sixty days are the time when the flowers fall." He has made so many wonderful metaphors about falling flowers, but now, the poet suddenly feels like a piece of falling flowers. After bidding farewell to Kyoto, the poet took a carriage out of the capital. He could not help but look at the boundless falling flowers and spread his rich imagination. The struggle in the officialdom, the heavy atmosphere, the suffocating humanity, and the straitened life, the poet completely integrated his life experience with Luo Hua.
"Luohong is not a heartless thing", the word "Luohong" here. It plays a very important role in the whole poem. It inherits the "magnificent sorrow of separation". The poet's sorrow of separation is not only modified by "magnitude", set off by "sunset", and set off by "end of the world", but is also dynamically aroused by the "falling red" that passes by his face all the time. This stroke is hidden in the poem. Therefore, "falling red" is not only a supplement to the previous connotation of separation sorrow, but as a turning point, it frees the whole poem from separation sorrow and moves to the lower level, sublimating the theme of the whole poem. Foreshadowing.
At this time, the poet was thinking about falling red flowers protecting flowers. "Luohong" means falling flowers. The original meaning of the whole sentence is that the petals falling from the trees are not heartless things, but attached to the earth's surface, rotting into mud and turning into spirits to nourish the spring flowers of the coming year. The author uses the natural cycle of law to compare himself, saying that although he resigned, he will still care about the future and destiny of the country. This philosophical sentence conveys the poet's commendable spirit of "seeking political power even when he is not in his position" and shows the poet's extremely firm determination. It has become a famous saying throughout the ages and inspires many people to "aim for thousands of miles even when they are old." Luo Hua is by no means a heartless waste. The poet resigned from the post of director of the Ministry of Etiquette precisely in order to head the academy in his hometown, gather students to give lectures, pass on his studies and ideas to students, inspire them with the enthusiasm for change and the vision of the future, and serve the country. Do your best for the people. When the flowers fall back to their roots and turn into spring mud, they can give birth to a new spring, and their colors and fragrances can be dedicated to those who come after. The poet is inspired by the endless laws of nature. Flowers bloom and fall in nature. Originally, wind and rain are caused by them, and there is no emotion at all. Falling red flowers cannot be said to be "sentimental things" or "emotionless things". It's just that the poet completely combined his life experience with the falling flowers and moved his feelings towards the falling flowers. The fallen flowers also have human feelings and become sentimental objects. Falling flowers are sentimental, which manifests itself in brewing a new colorful world - "turning into spring mud to protect the flowers." At this point, the poet finally caught the chaotic thoughts like flying flowers, got rid of his sorrow, and rose to a solemn and sacred realm with a sense of mission of the times. "Turn into spring mud to protect the flowers", this is Feihua's solitude, and it is also the poet's solemn and sacred oath to break with the corrupt officialdom and fight against the forces of darkness. For the sake of the country and the common people, and for the blooming flowers, they would sacrifice themselves and turn into spring mud.
Ancient poets describe falling flowers, one is a complaining bird, blaming the east wind, lamenting the years, facing the falling flowers, sighing. "Flowers fall and flowers fall, spring is over, heaven and earth" (Li Yu's "Lang Tao Sha"); "Flowers fall by themselves and water flows by itself, a kind of lovesickness, two places of leisurely sorrow" (Li Qingzhao's "One Cut Plum"); Lin Daiyu's funeral poem in "A Dream of Red Mansions" : "People who bury flowers today laugh like idiots, who will they be buried next year?" Du Mu's "Golden Valley Garden" even compares falling flowers to a beauty who fell from a building: "Busty things disperse the fragrance and dust, flowing water is ruthless and grass springs from spring; at dusk, the east wind resents Birds singing, falling flowers are like people falling from a building. "The natural scene of flowers falling silently in the wind is connected with the beauty falling from the building. The pink petals falling from the branches are compared to the pink beauty falling from the building, which implies that the beauty is like a flower, but the beauty is miserable. , the lament that beautiful things perish once, satirizes the sad ending of Shi Chong's "Jingu Garden" where the prosperous events came to an end and the good times did not last long, and compared the falling flowers to a beauty falling from a building, which is somewhat sad and solemn and full of strong sentimentality. The other describes falling flowers as natural scenery, which contains a high-spirited spirit. "Falling flowers come from time to time, and the fragrance is carried by the flowing water from afar" (Liu Shenxu's "Que Ti"); "Flowers are flying everywhere in the spring city" (Han Hong's "Han Shi"); "The flowers fall and the spring is still there" (Yu Yue's poem) , Meng Haoran's "Spring Dawn" "The sound of wind and rain at night, you know how many flowers have fallen" only shows the child's simplicity, innocence and romantic interest, without hurting the feeling of cherishing the flowers in spring. Some are full of vitality, and some are full of excitement in their decline. However, whether it is "Flowers are flying everywhere in the spring city" or "Flowers fall and spring is still there", compared with Gong Zizhen's "Falling red is not a heartless thing, it turns into spring mud to protect flowers", the realm is slightly inferior. [4] Even if it turns into spring mud, it is still willing to cultivate the growth of beautiful spring flowers. Not for the sole purpose of fragrance, but for the purpose of protecting the flowers. It shows that although the poet has left officialdom, he still cares about the fate of the country and does not forget his ambition to serve the country. This expresses his passion for the country until his death. It fully expresses the poet's ambition and has become a famous line handed down from generation to generation.
This little poem integrates political ambition and personal ambition, organically combines lyricism and discussion, and vividly expresses the poet's complex emotions. When discussing poetry, Gong Zizhen once said that "poetry and people are one, there is no poetry outside people, and there is no one outside poetry" ("After the Collection of Poems by Shu Tang Hai Qiu"), his own creation is the best proof.