Xiang Ling is a poor woman, originally from Suzhou, and comes from a rural eunuch family. She was abducted at the age of three. When she grew up, she was bought as a concubine by Xue Pan, the idiot king. She then went to Beijing with the Xue family and lived in Lixiangyuan in Rongfu. She has to serve Xue Pan on weekdays and is rarely free. This time, because Xue Pan was away on business, Baochai took her into the Grand View Garden to keep her company. The change in the environment inspired Xiang Ling to learn to write poetry. Baochai laughed at her for "having to go to Long to look at Shu" and advised her to "wait a while", but she was very anxious, so she went to find Daiyu.
The above is the background of this story.
At the beginning of the story, Xiangling expressed her intention to ask for advice as soon as she saw Daiyu, and Daiyu readily agreed. The following describes the whole process of Xiangling learning to write poetry under Daiyu's guidance, which can be roughly divided into two stages: Daiyu's guidance in reading poetry and Xiangling's practice of writing poetry.
Guidance on poetry reading was reflected in two conversations: the first time, Daiyu briefly talked about the structure, antithesis, and obliqueness of rhymed poetry, and emphasized that "with strange sentences, even the oblique, oblique, false, and true will not be correct." , Xiangling was deeply inspired. Continuing with this, Daiyu pointed out that "concept" is the most important thing in poetry, "If the meaning is true, the connected words and sentences do not need to be modified, it is good"; at the same time, she warned Xiangling not to like those superficial poems, and gave her I made a list of books and arranged the order of reading. At the end of the conversation, Daiyu lent Wang Wei's collection of five-character poems to Xiangling and asked her to read the poems with red circles in them and "recite one poem at a time." The second time was after Xiangling read Wang Wei's five-character poems. Daiyu called it a "stressful discussion", but it was actually to check Xiangling's understanding of Wang Wei's poems. Xiangling really lived up to her expectations. She explained the calligraphy skills in Wang's poems very clearly. When it came to the sentence "A lonely smoke in the ruins", she also linked it to the scene of the village at dusk when she came to Beijing, and brought the poetic scene to life. . And Daiyu is worthy of being called a "teacher". She also translated Tao's poem "Warm and warm in the distant village, Yiyi in the smoke in the ruins" and showed it to Xiangling, inspiring her to understand the principle of translating the poems of her predecessors. Xiangling also practiced writing poems under Daiyu's guidance, including propositions and rhymes, comments on exercises, and guidance on methods; Baochai also participated in the guidance.
Xiang Ling wrote three drafts of her poem. The first draft was written after hard thinking when "I had no interest in eating or drinking, and I was restless". Baochai looked at it first and said, "This is not good, it's not the way to do it." Daiyu thought, "The meaning is there, but the wording is inelegant," and instructed her to "throw away" this song and "free up your courage" to compose another one. . After Xiangling got this instruction, she "didn't even enter the house, but only sat under the trees by the pond, or sat on the rocks in trance, or squatted on the ground digging at the soil", "frowned once" and "smiled once again", it was simply It reached the point of being mesmerized; but the second draft written in this way still didn't work. Daiyu said that it was "too thorough and had to be written separately." Baochai thought that it was off topic. Instead of writing "month", it wrote "Moon". "Moonlight". Despite another failure, Xiangling was not discouraged and walked alone to the bamboo in front of the steps to conceive her third draft. She "searches for everything" and has no other ambitions. As a result, Tan Chun's words "You have a leisurely time" were interpreted as "the word 'Xian' deleted in the fifteenth century", and in turn Tan Chun was said to have "wrong rhyme". On this day, all Xiangling thought about was poetry, and she was still fascinated by the lamp at night. She went to bed at three o'clock, and did not fall asleep until five o'clock. Finally, she actually finished the poem in her dream, and said with a smile: "But now, isn't this one good?" When Baochai woke her up, she immediately copied the poem down - this It was her third draft, which later won unanimous praise from all the sisters: "Not only is it good, but it is also novel and interesting."
This story was titled "Mu Ya Nu Ya Gathering and Reciting Poems" in the original chapter of the novel. The word "suffering" is the main theme of the whole article, and the poem written in a dream is the most vivid embodiment of "suffering".
2. Problem Research
1. What is the reason for Xiangling's success in studying poetry?
It is no accident that Xiangling wrote such a good poem when she first started writing poetry. The author believes that this is because she "studied poetry diligently and gathered all her energy", which means that she devoted all her energy to writing poetry and persistently pursued and achieved her goals. This is the main reason for her success. But in addition, there are also some factors that cannot be ignored. First, Xiangling has good qualifications. Even though she was busy with housework before entering the kindergarten, she was able to "take some time" to read a few poems in her busy schedule, which proved that she was by no means a "common person"; after she entered the kindergarten, she listened to Daiyu's poems and her She reacted very quickly. For example, Daiyu said that "with strange sentences, even the plain, empty, and true are wrong." She immediately realized that "style and rules are not the end of the world, as long as the words and sentences are novel." This also proves her ability to perceive. Extraordinary. Second, there are good guides, whether Daiyu or Baochai, who use guidance to Xiangling, pointing out the key points in a few words, so that Xiangling knows the choice and gradually understands the Samadhi in the poem. Thirdly, the Grand View Garden is a beautiful place, which is in sharp contrast to the dark and dirty environment outside the garden. Xiangling feels like she has entered another world when she comes here, especially the love and praise given to her by Baoyu, Tanchun and others. Make her feel the warmth of the world. She was spiritually liberated, and her intelligence finally came to light. As Baoyu said, "This is exactly the 'spiritual person of the earth', and God is born with a true nature."
2. What are the characteristics of Daiyu’s teaching method?
Daiyu’s lecture on poetry was very targeted. At the beginning of the lecture, she targeted the common problem of beginners of poetry being easily constrained by rhythm. She pointed out that there is no need to ignore the rhythm if there are odd sentences, and then talked about the concept of "conceptual intention". importance, which not only solved Xiangling's doubts, but also clarified the essentials of reading poetry.
Then, in view of Xiangling's tendency to like simple and close poetry, he compiled a bibliography for her. In accordance with the idea that "poetry must flourish in the Tang Dynasty" at that time, the three great poets Wang Wei, Du Fu and Li Bai were placed in prominent positions, with the purpose of improving Xiangling's Ling's taste in poetry. After Xiangling finished reading Wang Wei's five-character poem, Daiyu "discussed" with her again, and deepened the artistic conception of the poem step by step. She was really good at teaching.
Daiyu's guidance to Xiangling in writing poems is also quite unique. For example, after the proposition, the rhyme part is specified. This seems a bit strict, but there are quite a lot of words that belong to the "Fourteen Colds", and there is no limit. Words give you a lot of freedom. Another example is that she criticized Xiang Ling's first two drafts very harshly, but encouraged Xiang Ling to "make another work" without saying a word about how to "make another work". This kind of guidance can be described as strict but not harsh, leading but not triggering, which is very suitable for Xiang Ling who is "studying to learn poetry".
It can be said that Daiyu’s correct guidance is also an important reason for Xiangling’s rapid progress.
3. What kind of profile does the author use?
Xiang Ling studied poetry hard, and because Baochai lived with her in Wuyuan, he saw the most and felt the most deeply. She said, "This person must be crazy" and "He is really a poetry demon." Phrases such as "Your sincerity is so sincere" all have the effect of highlighting from the side. In addition, Baoyu said, "We often sigh that it is a pity that a person like him has become vulgar. Who knows that he will be here today", which can also be seen as a reflection of Xiangling's study of poetry in the hearts of the people around him.
Exercise Instructions
1. The novel details Daiyu’s guidance on how to learn poetry, Xiangling’s experience of reading poetry, and Xiangling’s painstaking writing of poetry. Which of these contents do you think is relevant? Are you inspired by your reading or writing?
This question is intended to enable students to understand some principles of reading and writing poetry, and to summarize some experiences and lessons in connection with their own reading and writing practices. This is an open question, and the answers are arbitrary. There are three criteria for measuring answers: (1) whether it is closely tied to the text; (2) whether it is connected with one's own reality; (3) whether the content is specific. Empty talk about "studying hard", "mastering the essentials", etc. is actually of no use. For this reason, before answering the question, you should make a little analysis of the three aspects mentioned in the question stem: "Dai Yu's guidance on how to learn poetry, Xiang Ling's experience of reading poetry, and Xiang Ling's painstaking writing of poetry." This question can also be used as an extracurricular assignment, asking students to write two to three hundred words.
2. Xiangling studied poetry like a charm. Find relevant descriptive sentences from the text and appreciate the vividness of these descriptions.
This question is intended to enable students to understand the role of detailed description in shaping character. Xiangling is extremely dedicated in studying poetry, and is not afraid of failure. She will never give up until she reaches her goal, which shows her persistent character. Only by looking at the descriptions and details of her expressions from this perspective can we appreciate their vividness. For example: "... just under the trees by the pool, or sitting on the rocks in trance, or squatting on the ground digging soil... frowning, and then smiling to myself." This paragraph of text expresses Xiang Ling's concentration when she was imagining the idea. . "Being in a trance" is because "gods and things wander" (Liu Xie's words), which means that she is already thinking about things at the moment. "Digging out the soil" means to go to great lengths, describing her repeated deliberation when coming up with the idea. "Frowning" may mean that the word used is not good; "smiling" may mean that you are satisfied with the strange sentence. In short, this is the whole process of the conception of Xiangling's second draft. It can be seen from the following words such as "Xiangling happily went to Daiyu again" and "I think this song is wonderful". I feel pleased with the result of my groaning.
3. △The following is the third draft of Xiang Ling’s trial work (i.e. the poem “Income from a Dream”). Savor it carefully and talk about the advantages of this poem compared with the previous two drafts. Where.
It is difficult to cover up the essence, but the shadow is beautiful and the soul is cold.
An anvil strikes a thousand miles of white, and half a chicken sings the fifth watch.
Listen to the flute in the autumn on the green coir river, and lean on the railing at night in the red-sleeved building.
To win over Chang'e, you should ask yourself, why not reunite her forever?
Note: The main theme of the poem is to write about the feeling of parting. The first couplet describes the moonlight and its shape; the chin couplet describes the scene under the moon; the neck couplet describes missing relatives and friends, expressing the author's loneliness; the last couplet summarizes the main theme of the whole poem.
This question is intended to improve students' poetry appreciation level. This is also an open question. The answers are eclectic: comments can be made in terms of ideological content or writing characteristics. The requirements should not be too high, and you can say as much as you can. Before commenting, the three drafts should be explained one by one and make full use of the comments about the poem by other characters in the text.
The first draft just said that the moon is beautiful and bright, for viewing, the meaning is simple, and there is no aftertaste to be found. The two sentences "the poet adds to the fun" are indeed as Daiyu said, and the wording is inelegant. The language of the second draft is almost poetic. Although it uses elaborative techniques, it simply means that the moonlight is beautiful. Daiyu criticizes it as "too thorough", which can be said to be clear. These two poems have one thing in common, that is, they do not put themselves into the poems. In fact, they write poems for the sake of writing poems. Reading them will inevitably make people feel bland and tasteless. This is not the case in the third draft. It writes about the moon in every sentence, and parting in every sentence. Finally, the author's loneliness and helplessness are integrated into Chang'e's "self-questioning" - this is what she has done since she left her parents at the age of three and is now ten years old. Feelings that have been building up in my heart for many years.
With this kind of emotion, the poem also has the author's self-image, so he looked at the moon and thought that "the soul is cold", and then looked at the best parts under the moon - "Anvil Knocking", "Chicken Singing", "Wearing the Flute" and " "Leaning on the railing" almost all evokes her thoughts of her hometown and the desolation of her own life experience, which is indeed thought-provoking. The sisters said that this poem was "ingenious and interesting", which was by no means a compliment.
Teaching Suggestions
1. There are many proper nouns and terms in the text that are difficult to understand, but the plot is vivid and interesting. Students should be required to preview the text, read the annotations carefully, and become familiar with the main idea of ??the story. . When arranging previews, it is best to give a little introduction to Xiangling, so as to arouse students' interest in reading.
2. It is still necessary to skim the full text in class. First divide the text into two or three parts, and then explain the doubts and point out the key points one by one. The purpose is to deepen the overall perception.
The explanation of doubts should be carried out through teacher-student interaction. It can be students asking questions and teachers answering, or teachers asking questions and students answering. Make the classroom more active.
Example: ① Daiyu said that Xiangling was "a very smart and intelligent person", while Baochai said that she was "originally dull." What is the explanation for their different views? (The key lies in how to interpret "stupid". Is it a derogatory term or a compliment? It must be explained based on the facts.)
② Baoyu said: "We often sigh and say that it is a pity that a person like him (referring to Xiangling) is so poor." It’s so vulgar, who knows what it will be like today.” What does this sentence mean? (We need to explain Xiangling's qualifications and previous encounters, and we also need to find out Baoyu's attitude towards Xiangling.)
③ Is it wrong to say that the third draft of Xiangling's poem was done in a dream? reality? (To look at the whole process of writing poems by Xiang Ling, we need to understand the dialectical relationship between the truth of art and the truth of life.)
Pointing is to guide students to grasp the key points of the content, which can be done by pointing or pointing. Use questions.
Example of guidance: Daiyu gave Xiangling a bibliography, implementing the idea that "poems must flourish in the Tang Dynasty", so she listed the poems of Wang, Du and Li first. Wang Wei's five-character rhymed poems best demonstrate his "pictures in poetry" style, which is easy to read, so he started there; Du Fu's seven-character rhymed poems (mainly late works) best display his melancholy style, which can It is thought-provoking, so it is continued here; Li Bai's seven-character quatrains best show his elegant and unrestrained style, which are more difficult to learn, so they are placed at the end. Only by reading the above-mentioned works of these three great poets can you improve your appreciation of poetry.
Examples of questions: ①What issues did Daiyu talk about when she gave Xiangling advice on how to learn poetry?
②Baoyu said that Xiangling had obtained the "samadhi" in the poem. What did he mean? (The artistic conception of poetry can be understood but cannot be conveyed in words; one word can convey the feeling.)
3. Discuss the reasons for Xiangling's success in learning poetry. This is the focus of study. In the discussion, we should not only highlight Xiangling's "bitter ambition", but also talk about the guidance of Daiyu, Baochai and others, as well as the superior environment of the Grand View Garden.