Enlightenment of Wuhan University's Sinology
The Third Lecture Series on Chinese Studies in Senior High School —— A Special Topic on Poetry in Tang Dynasty
The first draft of a special lecture on poetry in Tang Dynasty
Outline:
First, transitional poets, sages and sages all have feelings.
Second, what is poetry?
Third, the Chinese nation is a nation of poetry.
Fourthly, the Tang Dynasty knew the world by stages.
Fifth, the charm and verve of the early Tang Dynasty-Si Jie, Zhang.
Sixth, the romantic atmosphere in the prosperous Tang Dynasty-Li Bai and some poets.
7. Worrying about the Middle Tang Dynasty —— Du Fu and the Diversity of Poetry Style in the Middle Tang Dynasty
Eight, helpless late Tang dynasty-looking back on the past, nostalgic for the past; Introversion, love
First, transitional poets, sages and sages all have feelings.
On Zilichuan, the dead are like husbands, and they are reluctant to give up day and night.
Confucius smelled Shao in March and didn't know the taste of meat.
How can you appreciate poetry if you are insensitive? How to become a poet and a saint?
Second, what is poetry?
Time is money. Is this a poem?
But the light of thinking is like water, constantly.
A piece of flying flowers reduces spring, and the wind is full of sorrow. Du Fu
Fast-flushers are like the sea _ —— Qin Guan
Flowers bloom all over the sky. -A Dream of Red Mansions
Running water is gone, and spring is gone.
"Birding Stream" is a sensitive and meticulous poet.
Xin Jiaxuan-Ugly slave made him fall in love with the floor, and fell in love with the floor. ...
Liu Yong-I can't bear to climb to the top of the mountain and look at my hometown. It's hard to think of it.
Chen Ziang-On the Youzhou Tower.
Li Shangyin-flowers and bright willows are dark around the sky, and the city is heavy. I want to ask where Gu Hong is going, but I don't know his life experience.
-is it a good word, but it can be done?
Third, the Chinese nation is a nation of poetry.
The nation of China's national poetry, the passionate nation ... Sorry for the translation ... Hehe, let's experience it.
Endless reverie about the moon, the moon palace and the laurel Chang 'e.
Chang 'e, I must regret eating the elixir, and now I am alone, in the blue sky, singing every night. ……
Interesting conversation: the poet
Fourthly, the Tang Dynasty knew the world by stages.
Han and Tang dynasties: Chinese characters in Tang suit in Chinatown
Tang poetry is divided into stages: early Tang, prosperous Tang, middle Tang and late Tang.
Poems on Knowing People and the Brand of the Times
The most sensitive poet in the world-try it, it doesn't matter if you are wrong, we just have a little experience.
I look for traces of human existence in autumn grass and watch the sunset slowly tilt in the cold forest. (The autumn of the dynasty is lonely and cold)
Across the wall of Sanqin, across a layer of fog, across a river. (full of ambition)
Strong women in business don't know how to hate their country, but they still sing backyard flowers across the river. (The voice of a fading world)
One day, I will ride the wind and waves, raise the Yun Fan and cross the sea. (voyage)
I was born useful, spinning a thousand pieces of silver, all come back! . (Shi Sheng Gog)
Sunset, infinitely beautiful, only near dusk. (dynasty sunset)
Fifth, the charm and verve of the early Tang Dynasty-Si Jie, Zhang.
1, Pursuing "Style" —— On the Inspiration of Tang Poetry
1) Four masters: Wang Yang and Luo Lu.
(B) "Farewell to Du Shu": "However, China has our friendship and heaven has our neighbors."
Introduction: This is a farewell to the frozen heart.
Advise you to have another glass of wine-a thoughtful farewell
Lonely sail, distant shadow, blue sky-romantic and poetic farewell to eternal beautiful sentences: fireworks in March …
Mochow has no confidant in the road ahead-optimistic and heroic farewell
3) Lu Zhaolin-"Better be a centurion than a scholar."
4) Wang Luobin-His flight went through the fog heavily, and his pure voice was drowned in the windy world. Who knows if he is still singing? Who is worried about the table?
5) Chen Ziang-the great transcendental self of Liuhe Universe, the sorrow of short life.
6) Add a punch line: White clouds and red clouds dawn from the sea, and spring is in the wild. Warm spring urges warblers to sing, and duckweed in the clear sun is dark in color.
Everyone tastes how gorgeous and bright it is.
Knot: Remove the relief. Passion and heroism. Strong personality, grand momentum and broad vision.
2. "Emotion" and "Staring at the Stars"-the romantic temperament is increasingly strengthened.
A transitional poet from the early Tang Dynasty to the prosperous Tang Dynasty
1) The flowers in Liu Xiyi are similar from year to year, and people are different from year to year.
2) The highlight is "Moonlit Night on a Spring River"
Wen Yiduo: There are poems in poems and peaks in peaks.
Focus on the first half
Lian Haiping is in the spring tide, and the bright moon on the sea is born in the tide. I drift thousands of miles, where there is no moon by the river!
The river flows around Fangdian, and the moonlight shines on the flower forest like graupel. Frost flows in the air, you can't fly, but you can't see the white sand on the pavilion.
There is no dust in the sky on the river, and there is a lonely moon in the sky. Who saw the moon by the river for the first time? When did Jiang Yue take the photo at the beginning of the year?
Life is endless from generation to generation, and Jiang Yue is only similar year after year. I don't know who Jiang Yue is waiting for, but I see the Yangtze River delivering water.
Spring, rivers, flowers, moon, night ...
The bright moon rises with the tide, how spectacular. The moonlight shines thousands of miles away, and where is not in the bright moon! The river twists and turns.
Yuan Ye, which is full of flowers and plants in spring, flows on the flower trees like a layer of snow. Moonlight washes away the five lights of everything in the world.
With ten colors, the world becomes dreamy silver ash. "first frost can't fly" and "White Sands can't be seen" ... like this world.
Only the bright moonlight exists. Delicate brushwork creates a mythical realm!
Riverside ... the universe is eternal, personal life is short-human beings are eternal. ...
..... Under the moonlight, the river rushes and rushes, pushing poetry to a higher poetic realm. There is enmity between Jiang and Yue, and running water is ruthless.
...... Ha ha, classmates, here is a big piece that says "don't hate". Transition to ...
Conclusion: poetic, pure artistic conception, strong emotion and endless charm. ...
Seeing the romantic atmosphere of the prosperous Tang Dynasty, the clear and transparent scenery of the youthful melody surged in.
Sixth, the romantic atmosphere in the prosperous Tang Dynasty-Li Bai and some poets.
1, Two Different Beauties —— A Comparative View of Frontier Poems and Pastoral Poems
The representative poet of frontier poems: Cen Can Gao Shi
Representative poets of pastoral poetry: Wang Wei and Meng Haoran
If you think about heaven halfway, you will see the moon twice when you leave home. I don't know where to live tonight, and I can't see anyone in the desert.
It's daytime in Huang Yun, and the north wind blows goose feather and heavy snow one after another. Mochow has no confidant in the road ahead, and everyone in the world doesn't know you.
Liangzhou Ci luminous glass wine, advise you to drink pipa immediately. Don't laugh when you are drunk on the battlefield. How many people fought in ancient times?
In the bamboo house, I leaned alone among the dense bamboos, playing the pipa and humming a song. It's too light for anyone to hear, except my partner, Mingyue.
There seems to be no one on the empty mountain in Chai Lu, but I think I heard a voice. Go back to the depths of the forest and shine at me from the green moss.
Conclusion: pastoral poetry: tranquility, beauty, beauty, freshness and harmony.
Frontier poems: generous, heroic, vigorous, tragic and passionate.
2. Wang Wei in Shi Fo Peach Blossom Garden.
Quiet and ethereal beauty in Wang Wei's poems
The first two songs are abbreviated as Bamboo House and Luzhai.
The branches of the topmost hibiscus flowers are full of scarlet calyx in the mountains. The mouth of a stream is silent, without a trace. They open and fall. Nei Nei
Wild fruits in the mountains fall in the autumn rain, and insects on the grass whisper to the lights. Sitting alone in the mountains
People are idle, osmanthus flowers fall, and the night is quiet and empty. When the moon comes out, the birds are startled, and the sound enters the spring stream.
The empty mountains are bathed in a new rain, and feel the early autumn at night. The bright moon shed clear light from the cracks and cleared the fountain on the rocks.
The bamboo forest is sonorous, the washerwoman returns, and the lotus leaves are swaying to get on the canoe. Spring spring might as well give it a rest, and the autumn sun can stay on the hills for a long time.
J: No room for me? Have my place? Clear mind, silent beauty.
Quiet and romantic,
Write silence by moving, and seek silence in the noise-the quieter the cicada forest, the quieter the Tonamiyama.
The Painting Beauty of Wang Wei's Poems
There are pictures in poems and poems in paintings ―― a poem that evokes the imagination of pictures and a picture that evokes the imagination of poems; A picturesque poem and a poetic painting
Zhong Nanshan, with its huge height near the city of heaven, connects a thousand mountains to a corner of the sea. The white clouds merged behind, and the blue mist melted into the mountains and disappeared.
The central mountain peaks separate the southwest, and the valleys are different. Want to find a house to live in the mountains, is it convenient for the water guide to ask the woodcutter?
Knot: sense of space, beautiful color, harmonious light and harmonious proportion.
C supplement
Meng Haoran's famous sentence: the wind sends me lotus fragrance, and bamboo leaves drop dew music.
The wind on both sides of the strait rustled the branches and leaves, and the moonlight reflected on the river, a boat on a river. (Front: Monkeys whimper on the shadowy mountain, and the river rushes in the dark)
Return to Mount Lumeng at night.
In the evening, the bell of the temple echoed in the valley, and a noisy voice sounded at Yulu Ferry. People walked along the shore to Jiangcun village, and I also returned to Lumen by boat.
Soon, the dim moonlight cut through the misty forest and suddenly hid the pet male. Thatched doors and pine paths are lonely and quiet, and only strangers come and go.
Li Bai praised Meng Haoran: I love Meng Fuzi, your reputation rose to the sky, and you gave up the importance of hats and chariots in your rosy youth. You chose pine trees and clouds; Now whitehead.
Landscape pastoral poetry and Xie Lingyun and Tao Yuanming
Looking for the peach blossom source hidden in the city.
Ask what you can do, your heart is far from self-prejudice.
D. additional experience: an example of the diversity of poets' poetic styles;
Ozawa's water vapor transpiration on the cloud soil is white, and the waves seem to shake the whole Yueyang.
Ten miles for a horse and five miles for a whip. ...
Who knows that I didn't suffer in the side court, but I died very sweetly.
When we met, people drank to the spirit of the king, and the horse was tied under the weeping willow in the restaurant.
There is also: relatives or sadness, others have a rest. What's the way to die? I'm on the same mountain.
3. Wang Changling, the poet of the Seven Wonders.
When I left the Qin Dynasty, the moon was closed in the Han Dynasty, and the Long March did not return. If Wei Qing, who attacked Longcheng, and Li Guang, the flying general, were alive today, the Huns would not be allowed to go south to spend their horses in Yinshan.
Appreciation: Why is this a masterpiece of the Tang Dynasty? Thousands of years ago, thousands of miles away. ...
Lotus picking song, Furong Inn leaves Xin Qiuci, the commander of Xin Qiji. ...
Frontier fortress in my heart forever said goodbye.
By the way, the Yellow Crane Tower in Cui Hao is a masterpiece of the Seven Laws of the Tang Dynasty.
The fairy of the past has flown away by the yellow crane, leaving only an empty Yellow Crane Tower. The yellow crane never revisited earth, there have been no long white clouds for thousands of years.
Every tree in Hanyang has become clear due to sunlight, and Nautilus Island is covered with sweet grass. But I looked home, and the twilight was getting thicker. The river is shrouded in mist, which brings people deep melancholy.
4. Generous frontier poems are suitable for Cen Can.
Gao Shi, a senior official: the suffering and loftiness of Shen Xiong and Ji Lixing
Cen Can is curious: Italian is both strange and strange.
The north wind swept across the earth and messed up Pennisetum, and the weather in August will be covered with heavy snow. Suddenly, like a night wind blowing, like a pear tree in bloom.
If you don't see me, I will swim by the snowy sea, and the flat sand will enter the sky! On the night of the ninth month, there was a cold wind blowing in the wheel tower and the valley, and the valley was full of broken stones like pecking wood.
Down, forward, with the wind!
Taste the nuances of Gao Cen.
5. Poet Li Bai and the Meteorology in the Prosperous Tang Dynasty
Li Bai's poems and songs most vividly reflect the spirit of the times in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, full of youthful enthusiasm, vigorous spirit of fighting for freedom, positive and optimistic ideal view and strong personality. God came, love came, and anger came. Romantic, gorgeous, bright, fresh, elegant and flowing. ...
This is the most vigorous singing method in the history of China's poetry!
The shortest biography: ...
The son of heaven didn't get on the boat, calling himself Brewmaster.
Confidence and freedom
I was born useful, spinning a thousand pieces of silver, all come back! .
One day, I will ride the wind and waves, raise the Yun Fan and cross the sea.
Since the world can't satisfy our desire, I will loosen my hair and get on a fishing boat tomorrow.
Oh, how can I bow and scrape to those people with high status and important positions? They never want to be seen with a sincere face!
Magnificent and unrestrained:
I climbed to the top. I look at the whole world, the vast rivers are gone forever, the yellow clouds are blown away by the wind for hundreds of miles, and a snow peak is wrapped in white by the vortex of nine streams.
Dapeng rises with the wind one day and soars in Wan Li.
It's hard to get through the Shu Road, and it's hard to get to the sky. Even hearing it makes your cheeks pale.
On a straight line leading to heaven, its peak enters heaven, topped with five sacred peaks, and casts a shadow across China. The Paradise Terrace Mountains are 100 miles long, and it is here that they begin to extend to the southeast.
Fresh and beautiful:
Like the lotus of water, it has the nature of nature.
Dew fell on the steps of jade, and the night was long. Dew wet the stone. Go back to my room and put down the crystal curtain, still looking at the exquisite moon through the curtain.
Thousands of miles away, Jiangling will return in one day. ...
Fireworks go down in Yangzhou in March.
The moon rises like a mirror, and the sea clouds twinkle like palaces. (And the water brought you home and rowed your boat three hundred miles. )
One is called ileum, and the other is called memory in March. Shu once heard of Zigui bird, and Xuancheng also saw azaleas. )
Flow, jump:
You can't see how the water of the Yellow River left heaven and entered the ocean, never to return. You can't see how lovely it is locked in a bright mirror in a high room. You are as green as the sun.
Dusk is like snow ...
We all yearn for the distance and want to go to the blue sky to embrace the bright moon. But since the water is still flowing, although we cut it with our swords and raise our glasses to drown our sorrows.
White hair three thousands of feet, sorrow like a beard.
The wind blows my heart and hangs Xianyang trees in the west.
7. Worrying about the Middle Tang Dynasty —— Du Fu and the Diversity of Poetry Style in the Middle Tang Dynasty
1, generalization
During this period, the strong ideal color faded, the suffering in the world replaced the ideal color, and the troubles of middle age sent away the feelings of teenagers.
This is also an era of highly mature art: the diversified development of Lao Du's poetry and poetry art.
2. Elegy in troubled times-Du Fu
Time relationship, Du Fu, I really hope to open another topic, and I will briefly talk about it today.
Tragedy in the era of a
Chang' an fell, the country was broken, and only the mountains and rivers remained; Spring has come, and the sparsely populated Chang' an city is densely forested. Petals fall like tears, and lonely birds sing their sadness.
At night, the candle is burning, and I am still crying.
B generation of poetry history, three officials and three soldiers, from Beijing …
Depression and frustration and the nature of mistress
Selected works:
Going up the Mountain-Du Fu's Seven Laws First
The imperial army recovered the banks of the Yellow River-Lao Du's first quick poem.
Scholarship-Du Fu's own idol
Where is the temple of the famous prime minister? It is in a deep pine forest near the Silk City. The steps are dotted with green grass in spring, and birds are chirping happily under the leaves.
The third call aggravated his state affairs, and he gave his sincerity to two generations. But before he conquered, he died, and since then the heroes have been crying on their coats.
Language:
As a sex addict, I can't stop talking. -Let's meet the law with Lao Du.
Looking for flowers by the river alone
3. Lonely and cold Dali poems
"Can I find your footprints on the autumn grass, or just through the setting sun of the desolate forest?" -the characteristics of an era
The cool color of autumn wind and the dusk of sunset-the autumn of a dynasty. Poetic, desperate.
The setting sun is far away, the weather is cold and the house is poor. Chai Men heard dogs barking and went home on a snowy night.
Desolate, cold, melancholy, cold ...
Alone, grass grows by the stream, and orioles sing on the trees. The spring tide brought the rain late and urgent, and there was no boat on the wild crossing.
Lonely and noble, quiet and empty. Cold and lonely colors.
The poet Liu Yuxi and his good friend Liu Zongyuan.
A pair of good friends, intimate friends, similar talents, similar experiences.
A generation of poets:
Autumn ci has been sad since ancient times, and I say autumn wins spring. There is no one in the clear sky in Wan Li, and a crane, Ling Yunfei, has aroused my meditation on the blue sky.
Mutual Proof by Quoting Mao Zedong's "Picking Mulberry Seeds for Chongyang"
When the waves are exhausted, Mo Tao's slanderers are as deep as waves, and Mo Yan's guests are as heavy as sand. Although it is hard, it is difficult to blow out the cold sand before reaching the gold.
Waves and sand from the Wan Li of the Yellow River swept from the horizon. Now go straight to the Milky Way, to Penny's and Weaver's home.
Zhuzhici: Willow green, Jiang Shuiping green, and there are songs on the Langjiang River. Rain in the east, sunrise in the east, said it was not sunny, but it was still sunny.
Zhuzhici is full of peaches and plums, and there are fireworks in the clouds. The silver hairpin and gold hairpin came to carry water, and the long knife and short hat burned her.
Bashan and Chu rivers are desolate and deserted for twenty-three years ... Qian Fan on the sinking side and Wan Muchun in front of the sick tree.
This man is resolute and fierce. Although he is depressed in anxiety, he never despairs and always jumps with soldiers.
Soul. He is a philosopher. I'll talk about his nostalgic poems later. )
In contrast, some introverted and hardworking Liu Zongyuan:
Jiang Xue, there are no birds in a hundred mountains and no footprints in a thousand roads. A boat, a bamboo cloak, an old man fishing in the cold Jiang Xue.
The eternal swan song of the lonely!
We can't see anything beyond 300 miles, except vague Woods and mountains, and there are nine rivers winding in our stomachs.
Wonderful landscape poems-vanish, sunrise disappears. Alas, it's a green landscape.
Knot: Liu Shi is high-spirited and heavy. Liu Shi's expansion and Liu Shi's introversion.
Liu poetry is full of vigor and steep. Liu's poems are clear and indifferent.
5. Another set of contrast: Bai Yuan Poetry School and Han Meng Poetry School.
I can only give you a general impression. This was originally discussed separately. We can only make a slight comparison in time relationship.
Han Meng School of Poetry: Curious Beauty and Novelty ... Representative figures: Han Yu, Meng Jiao and Li He.
Bai Yuan Poetry School: a popular folk song flavor. Representative: Bai Juyi Yuan Zhen
Outline of famous sentences and articles
The earth endures, and the sky endures; One day both will end, and this endless sadness will last forever.
In heaven, I wish I were a wing bird, growing together on the earth, two branches of a tree. ..
However, before she came to us, we called a thousand times and urged her for a thousand times, but she still hid half of her face behind her guitar from us.
Neither of us is happy-until eternity passes.
The following anecdotes:
Bai Juyi and the old woman; Let's look at some dangerous sentences of Han Meng's poetry school and compare them.
He's ghost poems;
Youlan dew, Youlan dew, such as weeping eyes, nothing to do, fireworks can not be cut. Grass is like grass, loose as a cover, wind as a skirt, and water.
For Pei. The oil-wall car used before death should be waiting around at night. Wildfire Wildfire green, courtesy, lightning. She walked, under the Xiling, only the wind and rain, whistling.
Reward: The slender green grass is her mattress, the graceful pine tree is her umbrella cover. The spring breeze is blowing and her clothes are fluttering.
The jingle of running water is her bell. Bitter wind and biting rain ...
Yuan Zhen chose to tell a song.
True temperament-romantic talents are not romantic.
Look at many mourning poems written by Yuan Zhen after the death of his wife Wei Cong.
Fourth, once the sea was difficult for water, amber forever. Hurried through the flowers, lazy to look back; This reason is partly because of the ascetic monk, and partly because of who you used to be.
Reward: Mencius: He who looks at the sea is hard to swim in the gate of saints. Wushan faces Yunfeng and the Yangtze River.
Xia Wei steamed by clouds. . "The sea" and "Wushan" are the most beautiful images in the world, and it is no exaggeration for poets to use them as metaphors.
It is said that after experiencing the "sea" and "Wushan", it is difficult to see the water and clouds elsewhere, which is actually used to compare their husbands.
The affection between wives is like the water of the sea and the cloud of Wushan, and its depth and beauty are unparalleled in the world.
Similarly, there is a Su Shi-Jiangchengzi-Ten Years of Life and Death.
Eight, helpless late Tang dynasty-looking back on the past, nostalgic for the past; Introversion, love
1, Du Mu-a nostalgic poem with a strong flavor of the old times
In the last days of the dynasty, the mood of mourning
Birds go to the mountains, people sing and people cry! In late autumn, the curtain is raining and the sunset is blowing on the balcony.
Smoke cage cold water moon cage sand, night parking near Qinhuai restaurant. Strong women in business don't know how to hate their country, but they still sing backyard flowers across the river.
The red sunset is in the temple outside the temple, and the wind has not yet come, and the wind has already blown the buildings in Xianyang. (Xu Hun)
Another such song: to see the sun, for all his glory, buried by the coming night.
Poets are the most sensitive. The collapse of the dynasty, the scene of the last days, and the dying breath of the western hills hung over the poetry circle at this time.
As for nostalgia, I want to add a song by Liu Yuxi.
The story of Jinling, a short-lived dynasty, rose and fell frequently. There are so many poems about nostalgia in Jinling that they are really delicious.
2. Li Shangyin-the polysemy of polysemous words and the development of inner world
Generation lover
The mood is beautiful, love is sad, beautiful and harmonious.
Symbol, hint, vagueness ...
A large number of untitled poems
Without Cai Feng's wings, it is impossible to be Qi Fei in fly with me; The heart is like a soul, and the feelings are the same.
(The stars last night and the wind last night, Guitang East on the west side of the painting hall. Guessing and intrigue, wine warms the heart; This group of people came to the bet of drinking friends, and a win-lose red in candlelight.
..... Until the rolling drums, alas, called me to perform my duties, Zou Malantai burst into tears. )
Silkworms in spring will weave until they die, and candles will drain the wick every night.
The mica screen was dyed red by thick candles, and the Milky Way gradually tilted towards the morning star. Chang 'e, I must regret eating the elixir, and now I am alone, in the blue sky, singing every night.
I want to know why my golden harp has fifty strings, one string in a row, the sage Zhuangzi is in daydreaming, bewitched by butterflies, and the king's longing for love is crying in the cuckoo.
Mermaids shed pearl-like tears on the moon-green sea, and the blue fields breathed their jade to the sun. A moment that should last forever has come and gone before I know it.
Let's not talk about ... transcending time and space. This is untrue, ancient and modern ... puzzling. Ambiguous and inexhaustible meaning ... is the infinite charm of Li Shangyin's poems ...