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what Fujian officials get is the best yang.
for the sake of hiding, it will make the house full of gold.
It's like looking at vegetation.
I suffer from ignorance of Heaven.
He who is ignorant of Shinto is blessed.
Don't leave me, I regret having you.
since you are born, people can't persuade you to lift it.
if you don't listen to people, you will suffer.
Let's say goodbye, and your heart will destroy your blood.
You can't stand in front of Langba when you are far away from the sky.
Appreciation
The poet first described the process of Fujian children being taken into slavery. The first three sentences explain the area where this barbaric custom prevails (Fujian), the murderer who killed children in Fujian (Fujian officials) and the way of killing children (Jueyang), which is extremely concise. Then describe the painful life of slaves. The poet didn't list specific life examples, but just juxtaposed a very unfair phenomenon: slaves were "full of money" for their masters, which should have been treated better, but they were regarded as vegetation and treated inhumanely. Gold is extremely expensive; Vegetation is extremely cheap. One is expensive and the other is cheap. Comparing them, it reveals the unreasonable treatment of slaves and writes the unbearable life of slaves.
The poet didn't stop at this general narrative, and then through this life phenomenon, he went deep into the inner world of the characters, revealing the full resentment of the slaves: "I am ignorant of heaven, and I am poisoned by it. If Shinto is ignorant, he will be blessed. " Their tragic life experience and painful life made their resentment so deep that even the sacred "Heaven" and "Shinto" in feudal society were cursed by them-it was the ignorance of heaven and gods that caused such an unfair world! Here, the antithesis of "there" and "I" vividly reveals the opposing class relations-the reason why slave owners can enjoy their blessings is based on the suffering of slaves. These four psychological descriptions truly reflect the thoughts and feelings of slaves.
The above is a description of the general life situation and painful psychology of slaves. After "Lang Ba Bie Yao", the poet draws out a specific scene, and describes with exquisite brushwork the scene that the father and son were miserable when they were taken away as slaves and parted with Lang Ba.
The poet wrote the psychological contrast of "Qi Tong Lang Ba", and his pen and ink were swaying and scattered. Write about Lang, and start from his unnatural psychology everywhere. In feudal society, people all hoped that people would prosper, and because of the habit of preferring sons to daughters, they especially hoped to have boys. However, the father regretted that he should not have a boy, and he should not have raised him after giving birth. This seems "abnormal". However, it is from this kind of "abnormality" that he shows his heartbroken grief and deep love for his children. The phrase "people don't give advice" further shows that it is by no means an individual phenomenon that one family suffers from this barbaric custom. The people in Fujian have suffered terribly and extensively, which makes everyone feel afraid. Writing a poem is an effort to portray his attachment to Lang Ba, which is completely a child's psychology. This contrasting psychological description vividly and meticulously depicts the kinship between father and son, which cannot bear to be separated. It is those who rob and sell children who have caused where will you go's misery. Therefore, this kind of description is not only a deep sympathy for the suffering people, but also an angry accusation against those who harm the people.
In the preface of this poem, the poet said, "Mourning for Fujian". Expressing sympathy for the unfortunate experience of the people in Fujian, but not making a comment throughout, but using the method of sketching to show the bloody facts to the readers, let the facts speak for themselves, which has produced eloquent power, so it is richer than simple preaching. The poet inherits the ironic spirit of The Book of Songs, and also intends to imitate the Book of Songs in form, taking the first word of the first sentence as the title, adopting a four-character style, and boldly adopting the local dialect of Fujian such as "Yao" and "Lang Ba" into the poem, so that the poem reveals a strong local color and a strong flavor of life in the simplicity.
Extended reading: the characteristics of Gu Kuang's poems
Gu Kuang said in the preface to Elegy that poetry is "the result of chaos, and the prosperity of Wang Hua." Believe that there is no escape from the teaching of sound, is it a beautiful literary talent? " Emphasize the ideological content of poetry and pay attention to enlightenment. He once imitated the Book of Songs as "Thirteen Chapters of Instructions on What Made Up for Death in Ancient Times", and imitated the "Preface" of the Book of Songs, taking the first sentence of the poem as the title and indicating the theme. For example, "I am sorry for Fujian" and "I am complaining about extravagance", which sets a precedent for Bai Juyi's "New Yuefu". His Yuefu poems do not avoid vulgarity, but are sharp and reflect reality directly. Thirteen Chapters of the Ancient Instructions to Make Up for the Death is his masterpiece, among which Yao is the best. In the Tang Dynasty, officials in central Fujian often used young children as eunuchs, and the poem exposed the crime of harming the people, which was extremely painful.
In Gu Kuang's seven-character ballad, "Gongzi Xing" and "Three Poems of it is hard to go" expose the extravagant life of aristocratic children and satirize the foolish behavior of feudal emperors in their pursuit of immortality, which is of great practical significance. Another example is "Li Sacrifices to Play the Ziou Song", "Liu Chan Nu Play the Pipa Song" and "Li Huzhou Ruren Play the Zheng Song", etc. Through rich and vivid metaphors and the rendering of the environmental atmosphere, the description of music is quite excellent. These poems are rich in imagination, unique in artistic conception and rich in color, which are the inspiration of Li He's later songs. Huangfu Shi's Preface to Gu Kuang's Poems says that he is "inclined to long sentences, strong and vigorous, and often if he wears the heavenly heart and threatens the moon, his words are unexpected and surprising, which is beyond his ordinary reach". Guan Xiu, a poet monk at the end of the Tang Dynasty, wrote a poem "Reading Gu Kuang's Songs" and highly praised his seven-character songs.
Gu Kuang's Seven Wonders are fresh and natural, with great masterpieces. For example, Su Zhaoying satirizes Xuanzong's quest for immortality. "Poems on Leaves Flowing from the Garden" and "Palace Poems" describe the sadness of the palace maids who are confined in the deep palace. Zhuzhiqu is a study of Jiangnan folk songs.
Gu Kuang has an article on Literary Theory, which is similar to some ancient writers in the middle Tang Dynasty, and we can see the trend of literary thought at that time. The preface he wrote for the poets at that time described the deeds of Tao Han, Liu Taizhen, Zhu Fang and Chu Guangxi and the compilation of poems, which provided the materials for literary research for later generations. His Preface to Dai's Wide Differences discusses the legendary works of the Tang people, such as Tang Lin's Ghost Report and Wang Du's Ancient Mirror, which shows that he also attached great importance to the legend at that time. Gu Kuang's good paintings were recorded in the seal performance of Feng's Wen Jian Ji in the Tang Dynasty. New Tang Book? The miscellaneous art category in the sub-department of Yi Wen Zhi has a volume of Gu Kuang's Painting Review, which is lost today.
There are four volumes of Gu Tiweng's Poems, which are included in The Complete Works of 1 Famous Tang Poets, and three volumes of Huayang Collection, which are included in Sikuquanshu. Complete Tang Poetry catalogued 4 volumes of his poems, and Complete Tang Wen catalogued 3 volumes of his articles. For his deeds, see the original biography of Old Tang Shu, Chronicle of Tang Poetry and Biography of Tang Talents.
Extended reading: introduction to Gu Kuang's life
Gu Kuang became a scholar in the second year of Zhide (757). From the second year of Jianzhong (781) to Zhenyuan (786), when Han Kun was the secretariat of Runzhou and our ambassador to the town navy, he was called as a shogunate judge. In the third year of Zhenyuan, he was recommended by Li Bi and was able to enter the DPRK as a work assistant. In the fifth year of Zhenyuan, Li Bi died, and he was demoted to join the army in Raozhou in March and April this year. The reason why he was demoted is said to be "arrogant destruction of the imperial court" (Li Zhao's Supplement to the History of the Tang Dynasty) and "unable to be obedient, being excluded by the public" (Huangfu Shi's Preface to the Poems of Gu Kuang). When I was demoted to Suzhou, I sang poems with Wei Yingwu. He left Raozhou in the tenth year of Zhenyuan and settled in Maoshan in his later years. In the 16th year of Zhenyuan, Huangfu Shi met him in Yangzhou (Preface to Gu Kuang's Poems). In the sixth year of Dali (771), he served as the salt supervisor of Yongjia, and wrote "Fairy Travels", which described that Li Ting in the upper reaches of Feiyun River was looking for a mountain to cut down trees, lost his way, and offered sacrifices to water whenever he saw it. There were more than 3 farms, springs, bamboos, fruit trees and bridges.
The date of Gu Kuang's birth and death is set in the 13th year of Kaiyuan (725) to the 9th year of Yuan Dynasty (814), but according to the research of Dong Ti, Huang Bosi and Gu Yanwu of Qing Dynasty, it is not written by Gu Kuang. Textual research on Gu Kuang's Preface to Send Li Ya to Push Eight Lang to Make the East Capital shows that Gu Kuang was still alive about 5 years after he ascended the throne in 757, that is, around 86. According to the latest research by Jiang Yin and Zhao Changping, Gu Kuang was still alive until the last years of Yuanhe.